ELASTICITY

Rigid body
A body is said to be rigid if the relative position of its
constituent particles remains unchanged when external
deforming forces are applied to it.
 Deforming force
external force which tends to bring about a change in length
volume or shape of body is called deforming force.  
 Elasticity…

The property of matter by

virtue of which a body
tends to regain its original
shape and size after
removal of deforming
forces is called elasticity.
 Restoring force
When an external force act at any object then an internal
resistance produced in the substance due to intermolecular
forces which is called restoring force.
 Stress…
• The restoring force acting per unit area of cross
section of the deformed body is called stress.

int ernal restoring force Fint ernal

stress = =
area of cross section A
•   At equilibriu m,
      Fint ernal = Fexternal
Fint ernal Fexternal
      stress = =
A A
•  Denoted by σ
•  SI unit N/m2
•  Dimension [M1L‐1 T ‐2 ]
•  Tensor quantity.
 Types of stress

Longitudinal  Volume  Shear 

stress stress stress
 Longitudinal stress
When the stress is normal to the surface of body, then it is 
known as longitudinal stress.

Longitudinal Stress

Tensile Stress Compressive Stress
Tensile Stress…
The longitudinal stress produced due to increase in
the length of a body, is defined as tensile stress.
Compressive Stress…
The longitudinal stress produced due to decrease in
the length of a body, is defined as compressive
stress.
 Volume stress
If equal normal forces are applied over every unit
surface of a body, then it undergoes a certain change
in volume. The force opposing this change in volume per
unit area is defined as volume stress.
 Shear stress
When stress is tangential or parallel to the surface of a body
then it is known as shear stress.
Due to this stress, the shape of the body changes or it get
twisted but not its volume.