MIDTERMS EXAM – CHEAT SHEET

Weight Volume Relationship

 𝑽𝒗
1. Void ratio (e) =
𝑽𝒔

𝑽𝒗
2. Porosity (n) =
𝑽

𝑽𝒘
3. Degree of Saturation (S) =
𝑽𝒗

𝑾
4. Unit weight (g) =
𝑽

𝑾𝒔
5. Dry unit weight (gd) =
𝑽
𝒎
6. Density of soil (r) = where, m = total mass of soil sample (kg)
𝑽

𝒎𝒅
7. Dry density of soil (rd) =
𝑽
note that g = r *g
also, gd = rd *g
where, 𝒎𝒔 = mass of soil solid in sample (kg)
where, g = 9.81m/sec2
where, rd = dry density of soil (kg/m3)

8. Weight of solid (Ws) = Gsgw where, Gs = specific gravity of soil solids,

gw = unit weight of water

9. Weight of water (Ww) = wWs where, w = moisture content

Method of Determining % Gravel, Sand, Silt ,and Clays

USDA
Gravel Sand Silt Clay
>2mm 2 to 0.05mm 0.05 to 0.002mm < 0.002mm

AASHTO
Gravel Sand Silt Clay
76.2mm to 2mm 2 to 0.075mm 0.05 to 0.002mm < 0.002mm

USCS
Gravel Sand Fines (Silt and Clay)
76.2mm to 4.75mm 4.75 to 0.075mm < 0.075mm
USDA TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM