The three basic modes of heat transfer are as follows -

1)conduction

2)convection

3)radiation

Conduction of heat: Heat conduction is a process in which heat is transferred from the
hotter part to the colder part in a body without involving any actual movement of the
molecules of the body. Heat transfer takes place from one molecule to another molecule
as a result of the vibratory motion of the molecules. Heat transfer through the process of
conduction occurs in substances which are in direct contact with each other. It generally
takes place in solids.

For example: When frying vegetables in a pan. Heat transfer takes place from flame to
the pan and then to the vegetables.

Based on the conductivity of heat, substances can be classified as conductors and

insulators. Substances which conduct heat easily are known as conductors and those that
do not conduct heat are known as insulators.

Convection of heat: In this process, heat is transferred in the liquid and gases from a
region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. Convection heat transfer
occurs partly due to the actual movement of molecules or due to the mass transfer.

For example: Heating of milk in a pan.

Radiation of heat: It is the process in which heat is transferred from one body to
another body without involving the molecules or the medium. Radiation heat transfer
does not depend on the medium.

For example: In a microwave the substances are heated directly without any heating
medium.

Newton's law of cooling

Newton's law of cooling states that the rate of heat loss of a body is directly
proportional to the difference in the temperatures between the body and its
surroundings. The law is frequently qualified to include the condition that the
temperature difference is small and the nature of heat transfer mechanism remains
the same. As such, it is equivalent to a statement that the heat transfer coefficient,
which mediates between heat losses and temperature differences, is a constant.
This condition is generally met in thermal conduction (where it is guaranteed
by Fourier's law) as the thermal conductivity of most materials is only weakly
dependent on temperature, but it is often met only approximately in conditions
of convective heat transfer, where several physical processes make effective heat
transfer coefficients somewhat dependent on temperature differences. Finally, in the
case of heat transfer by thermal radiation, Newton's law of cooling holds only for
rather small temperature changes.
Sir Isaac Newton did not originally state his law in the above form in 1701, when it
was originally formulated. Rather, using today's terms, Newton noted after some
mathematical manipulation that the rate of temperature change of a body is
proportional to the difference in temperatures between the body and its
surroundings. This final simplest version of the law given by Newton himself, was
partly due to confusion in Newton's time between the concepts of heat and
temperature, which would not be fully disentangled until much later.[1]
When stated in terms of temperature differences, Newton's law (with several further
simplifying assumptions, such as a low Biot number and temperature-independent
heat capacity) results in a simple differential equation for temperature-difference as a
function of time. This equation has a solution that specifies a simple negative
exponential rate of temperature-difference decrease, over time. This characteristic
time function for temperature-difference behavior, is also associated with Newton's
law of cooling.