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SULIT 2 4551/2
Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions from this section.

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1 Diagram 1 shows the structures and organelles found in a plant cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur dan organel yang terdapat dalam sel tumbuhan.
Q
R
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) (i) Name P, Q and R.

Namakan P, Q dan R
P: _______________________________________________
Q: _______________________________________________
R: _______________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
[ 3markah]
(ii) Explain the function of P in maintaining the shape of a cell.

Terangkan fungsi P dalam mengekalkan bentuk sel.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2 marks]
[ 2markah]
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(iii) Explain what will happen to structure P if the cell is put in the solution containing
cellulase.
Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada struktur P sekiranya sel tersebut
diletakkan dalam larutan yang mengandungi enzyme selulase?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[ 2marks]
[ 2markah]
(b) Diagram shows a cycle of two major process that occurs in organelles Q and R in a plant
cell.
Rajah menunjukkan kitaran bagi dua proses yang berlaku dalam organel Q dan R dalam
sel tumbuhan.
Organelle Q/ Organel Q
Light energy
Light energy Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen
Tenaga cahaya
Chlorophyll
Tenaga cahaya
Karbon dioksida + Air Glukosa + Oksigen
Klorofil
Organelle R/ Organel R Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + energy

Glukosa + Oksigen Karbon dioksida + air + tenaga
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
(i) State two differences between the processes that occur in organelle Q and organelle
R.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara proses yang berlaku dalam organel Q dan R.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[ 2markah]
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(ii) If the rate of activity in organelle R is exceeds that in organelle Q for a long period
of time, explain the effect to the environment.
Jika kadar aktiviti dalam organel R melebihi organel Q dalam jangkamasa yang
panjang, terangkan kesannya keatas alam sekitar.
Effect to the environment

Kesan kepada alam sekitar:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
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SULIT 5 4551/2
2 Diagram 2 shows a meiotic division of an animal cell.

. Rajah2 menunjukkan pembahagian meiosis satu sel haiwan.
Phase S
Fasa S
Process U
Meiosis I
Spindle fibres
failed to form
completely
Gentian gelendong
gagal terbentuk
sepenuhnya
Meiosis
II
Daughter cells
Sel-sel anak V W
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
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(a) (i) Name phase S and process U.

Namakan Fasa S dan proses U.
Phase S/Fasa S
__________________________________________________________________
Process U / Proses U
__________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Explain the importance of process U.
Terangkan kepentingan Proses U.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b) (i) Complete the diagram of the daughter cells V and W.

Lengkapkan rajah sel-sel anak V dan W.
[2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
(ii) Explain what happen on daughter cells V and W.
Terangkan apa yang berlaku ke atas sel-sel anak V dan W.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
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SULIT 7 4551/2
(c) (i) The meiosis process involves two division; meiosis I and meiosis II. Explain two
differences between meiosis I and meiosis II.
Proses meiosis melibatkan dua bahagian; meiosis I dan meiosis II. Terangkan
dua perbezaan antara meiosis I dan meiosis II.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 marks]
(ii) State one importance of meiosis.

Nyatakan satu kepentingan meiosis
[ 1 mark ]
[1 markah]
3. Diagram 3.1 shows an example of energy flow in an ecosystem.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan contoh aliran tenaga dalam satu ekosistem.
500kJ (i)………..kJ (ii)………kJ

…
Producers Organism P Organism Q Organism R
Pengeluar Organisma P OrganismaQ Organisma R
4500kJ 450kJ 45kJ
Energy loss Energy loss Energy loss Energy loss

Tenaga hilang Tenaga hilang Tenaga hilang Tenaga hilang
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
(a) (i) Energy loss at each trophic level is 90%. Complete the diagram by calculate the
amount of energy transferred to organism Q and organism R
Tenaga yang hilang pada setiap aras trofik ialah 90%. Lengkapkan rajah dengan
mengira jumlah tenaga yang dipindahkan ke organisma Q dan R.
[ 2 marks]
[2 markah]
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(ii) Explain what happens to the energy that is not transferred from one organism to
the next organism.
Terangkan apakah yang berlaku kepada tenaga yang tidak dipindahkan dari satu
organisma ke organisma lain.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Diagram 3.2 shows an interaction between biotic component and abiotic component in
an ecosystem.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan interaksi antara komponen biosis dan abiosis dalam satu
ekosistem.
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
(i) State two biotic components and two abiotic components in the ecosystem.
Nyatakan dua komponen biosis dan dua komponen abiosis yang terdapat dalam
ekosistem tersebut.
Biotic component / Komponen biosis:
_________________________________________________________________
Abiotic component/ Komponen abiosis :
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[ 2 markah ]
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(ii) Based on Diagram 3.3, constructa food web which contain at least three food
chains.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.3, bina satu jaringan makanan yang mengandungi
sekurang-kurangnya tiga rantai makanan.
Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3
[ 3 marks]
[ 3 markah]
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(c) A farm has been setup near to the pond. Alga bloom occurs and the pond water turns
green.
Explain the effect of this condition to the organism in the pond.
Sebuah ladang dibangunkan berhampiran dengan kolam. Pertumbuhan alga yang

pesat berlaku dan air kolam bertukar menjadi hijau.
Terangkan kesan bagi keadaan ini kepada organism dalam kolam.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
4 Diagram 4 .1 shows the blood circulatory system in organism P and organism Q.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah bagi organisma P dan organism Q.
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
(a) State the type of blood circulatory system of organism P and organism Q.
Nyatakan jenis sistem peredaran darah bagi organisma P dan organisma Q.
Organism P:
Organisma P:
Organism Q:
Organisma Q:
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
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SULIT 11 4551/2
(b) State one difference between the heart of organism P and organism Q.
Nyatakan satu perbezaan di antara jantung organisma P dan organisma Q.
[ 1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
(c) Explain why blood vessel X has higher pressure than vessel Y.
Terangkan mengapa salur darah X mempunyai tekanan lebih tinggi dari salur darah
Y.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
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SULIT 12 4551/2
(d) The blood circulatory system is also involved in the production of antibodies in the body
defense mechanism.
Diagram 4.2 shows the concentration of antibody in the blood of individuals A and
individuals B for a period of 10 weeks to acquire immunity.
Both of them were given two injections respectively.
Sistem peredaran darah terlibat dalam penghasilan antibodi untuk mekanisme

pertahanan badan.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi di dalam darah kedua-dua individu A dan B
dalam jangka masa 10 minggu untuk mendapatkan keimunan.
Kedua – dua mereka masing- masing telah diberikan dua suntikan.
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
(i) What type of immunity is obtained by A and B respectively?

Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh individu A dan B masing-masing?
A: ________________________________________________________________
B: ________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
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SULIT 13 4551/2
(ii) Explain why individual A has to be given the second injection which contained the
same vaccine.
Terangkan mengapa individu A harus diberi suntikan kedua bagi vaccine yang
sama.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
(e) AIDS is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). AIDS patients are easily
infected with various types of diseases and will eventually die, even from harmless
disease.
Explain how HIV affects the body’s immune system.
Penyakit AIDS disebabkan oleh virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Pesakit
AIDS mudah dijangkiti oleh pelbagai jenis penyakit dan akhirnya akan mati walaupun
oleh penyakit yang tidak berbahaya.
Terangkan bagaimana HIV memberi kesan kepada sistem pertahanan badan.
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]
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5. Diagram 5.1 shows the structure of a nephron in the human kidney.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan struktur satu nefron dalam ginjal manusia.
Renal vein
Vena Renal
Renal artery
Arteri renal R
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
(a) (i) Name the process that occurs at P.

Namakan proses yang berlaku pada P.
_____________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
(ii) Explain how the process occurs at P.

Terangkan bagaimana proses ini berlaku pada P.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
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SULIT 15 4551/2
(b) Explain one difference between the contents of Q and R.

Terangkan satu perbezaan antara kandungan Q dan R.
[ 2 mark]
[ 2 markah]
(c) (i) Name the hormone that controls the permeability of the nephron to water.
Namakan hormon yang mengawal ketelapan nefron terhadap air.
[ 1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
(ii) Explain how the hormone named in (d)(i) is responsible in osmoregulation during a
hot day.
Terangkan bagaimana hormon yang dinamakan dalan (d)(i) bertanggunjawab
dalam osmokawalaturan semasa hari panas.
[ 3 marks]
[ 3 markah]
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SULIT 16 4551/2
(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a dialysis mechine which is used to treat a patient with kidney failure.
The concentration of dialysis fluid is similar to blood plasma but without waste products.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan mesin dialisis yang digunakan untuk merawat pesakit yang
mengalami masalah ginjal gagal berfungsi.
Kepekatan cecair dialysis adalah sama dengan plasma darah tetapi tanpa hasil-hasil
buangan.
Blood in
Darah masuk
Dialysis fluid in
Cecair dialysis masuk
Flow meter
Meter aliran Partially permeable membrane
Membran separa telap
Dialysis fluid out

Cecair dialysis keluar
Blood out
Darah keluar
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
Explain why the concentration of dialysis fluid is similar to the blood plasma.
Terangkan kenapa kepekatan cecair dialisis sama seperti plasma darah.
[ 3 marks]
[ 3 markah]
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SULIT 17 4551/2
Bahagian B
[40 marks]
[40 markah]
Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini
6 (a) Enzymes is produced by living cells. There are two types of enzyme which are
.
intracellular enzyme and extracellular enzyme.
Diagram 6.1 shows the organelles involved in the synthesis and secretion of
extracellular enzymes in an animal cell.
Enzim dihasilkan oleh sel hidup. Terdapat dua jenis dua jenis iaitu enzim intrasel dan
enzim luar sel.
Diagram 6.1 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan rembesan
enzim-enzim luar sel di dalam sel haiwan.
Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
(i) Explain the differences between intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes.
Terangkan perbezaan di antara enzim intrasel dan enzim luar sel.
[ 4 marks ]
[ 4 markah ]
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( ii ) Describe the involvement of the organelles in the production of extracellular

enzymes.
Huraikan penglibatan organel-organel di dalam penghasilan enzim-enzim luar sel.
[ 8 marks ]
[ 8 markah ]
6 (b) Diagram 6.2 shows three stages in an enzyme reaction.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan tiga peringkat di dalam suatu tindakan enzim.
P Q R
Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2
(i) Based on diagram above, explain the lock and key hypothesis in the
mechanism of enzyme reaction.
Berdasarkan gambarajah di atas, terangkan hipotesis kunci dan manga di
dalam mekanisma tindak balas enzim.
[ 8 marks ]
[ 8 markah ]
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SULIT 19 4551/2
7 Diagram 7.1 shows transport of nutrients from small intestine to the liver
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pengangkutan nutrient dari usus kecil ke hati.
Liver/ hati
Hepatic vein/
vena hepar
Organ X
Bile duct
Salur hempedu
Hepatic portal Vein/ Organ Y

Vena portal hepar
Small intestine/ Usus kecil
Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1
(a) (i) Organ X and organ Y plays an important role in digestive system.
Explain the role of organ X and organ Y in digestion of lipid.
Organ X and organ Y memainkan peranan yang penting dalam sistem

pencernaan .
Terangkan peranan organ X dan Y dalam pencernaan lipid
[ 6 marks]
[ 6 markah]
(ii) A person who use to consume a lot of protein food will produce high content of
urea in his urine .
Explain why?
Seeorang yang mengambil makanan berproetin dengan banyak akan

menghasilkan kandungan urea yang tinggi dalam air kencingnya.
Terangkan mengapa?
[ 6 marks ]
[6 markah]
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SULIT 20 4551/2
7 (b) Diagram 7.2 shows two different individuals

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan dua individu yang berbeza.
Pregnant woman Teenager

Wanita mengandung Remaja
Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2
Explain the dietary requirements of each group represented by the

individuals.
Terangkan keperluan gizi bagi setiap kumpulan yang diwakili oleh individu
tersebut.
[ 8 marks]
[8 markah]
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SULIT 21 4551/2
8 (a) Diagram 8(a) shows how a frog carry out inhalation and exhalation.
Explain the processes.
Rajah 8(a) menunjukkan bagaimana seekor katak menjalankan inspirasi dan ekspirasi.
Terangkan proses-proses yang berlaku.
Nostril Lung/peparu
lubang hidung
Buccal cavity
rongga mulut
Inhalation Exhalation
Inspirasi ekspirasi
Diagram 8(a)
Rajah 8(a)
[ 6 marks ]
[ 6 markah ]
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SULIT 22 4551/2
8 (b) Diagram 8(b) shows two athletes who have just completed the running, both of them
suffer from muscle fatigue and lead to muscle pain.
Athlete A choose to sit down to wait for the pain to disappear while Athlete B choose to
walk slowly.
Rajah 8(b) menunjukkan dua orang atlet yang baru tamat dari larian, kedua-duanya
mengalami keletihan otot dan membawa kepada sakit otot.
Atlet A memilih duduk dan rehat untuk menunggu keletihan itu hilang manakala atlet B
memilih berjalan perlahan-lahan bagi menghilangkan keletihan otot.
Diagram 8 (b)
Rajah 8 (b)
Explain which athlete will recover faster from the muscle fatigue ?
Terangkan atlet manakah akan terlebih dahulu pulih dari keletihan otot ?
[ 8 marks ]
[ 8 markah ]
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8 ( c ) Diagram 8(c) shows the changes of atmospheric pressure with the altitude.
Diagram 8(d) shows the equipments wore by a mountain climber.
Rajah 8(c) menunjukkan perubahan tekanan atmosfera dengan altitude.
Rajah 8(d) menunjukkan kelengkapan yang dipakai oleh seorang pendaki gunung
Diagram 8(c)
Rajah 8(c)
Diagram 8(d)
Rajah 8(d)
Explain why the mountain climber needs to wear such equipments?

Terangkan kenapa pendaki gunung perlu memakai kelengkapan yang sedemikian ?
[ 6 marks ]
[ 6 markah ]
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SULIT 24 4551/2
9 (a) The following is a newspaper clipping about illegal logging in Malaysia

.
PUTRAJAYA August 30 - The government will enforce the law to impose a

mandatory jail sentence of one year or a maximum of 20 years without a
compound of the offenders involved in illegal logging .
Firm decision was made at the Meeting of the National Forestry Council
(NCC ) 19th chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak
here today.
Accordingly, the Attorney General will conduct a study and research about
which is expected to take about six months to ensure that law enforcement
can be carried out immediately due.
Najib firm , the decision was taken in view of the compound which has no
effect on fighting illegal logging even involve the millions of dollars .In addition
to the loss of millions of dollars , illegal logging has affected the well-being of
people with problems involving the environment , air and water .
Illegal logging is still going on in this country is done by the same group , but
this did little syndicate numbers. So now MPN agree that we do not use the
compound ( to deal with ) but continued to be charged in court , '' he said. He
was speaking at a press conference after chairing the meeting at Perdana
Putra Building here today.
Meetings involving all the Chief Minister and the Chief Minister was also
attended by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Minister
Datuk Seri Adenan Satem .
According to Najib , the results were much better because it involves action
against offenders prison more restrictive than the existing enforcement .He
added that a prison sentence will be carried out in accordance with the
provisions of a special law that would be formed under the National Forestry
Act 1984
( Amendment 1993 ) .
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SULIT 25 4551/2
9 (a) Keratan akhbar berikut adalah mengenai kegiatan pembalakan haram yang
. berlaku di Malaysia .
PUTRAJAYA 30 Ogos - Kerajaan akan menguat kuasa undang-undang untuk

mengenakan hukuman penjara mandatori setahun atau maksimum 20 tahun
tanpa dikenakan kompaun bagi pesalah terlibat dalam aktiviti pembalakan
haram.
Keputusan tegas itu dicapai pada Mesyuarat Majlis Perhutanan Negara (MPN)
ke-19 dipengerusikan Timbalan Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak di
sini hari ini.
Sehubungan itu, Peguam Negara akan membuat kajian dan penelitian
mengenainya yang dijangka mengambil masa kira-kira enam bulan untuk
memastikan penguatkuasaan undang-undang itu dapat dijalankan serta-merta
kelak.
Tegas Najib, keputusan itu diambil memandangkan tindakan kompaun yang

selama ini tidak mendatangkan kesan bagi membanteras pembalakan haram
walaupun melibatkan nilai berjuta-juta ringgit.
Selain kerugian berjuta-juta ringgit, kegiatan pembalakan haram turut
menjejaskan kesejahteraan rakyat dengan melibatkan masalah terhadap alam
sekitar, udara dan air.
Pembalakan haram di negara ini masih berterusan yang dilakukan oleh

kumpulan yang sama tetapi sindiket ini tidak banyak jumlahnya. Jadi sekarang ini
MPN bersetuju bahawa kita tidak guna kompaun (untuk menanganinya) tetapi
terus didakwa di mahkamah,'' kata beliau. Najib berkata demikian pada sidang
akhbar selepas mempengerusikan mesyuarat itu di Bangunan Perdana Putra di
sini hari ini.
Mesyuarat yang melibatkan semua Menteri Besar dan Ketua Menteri itu turut
dihadiri Menteri Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar, Datuk Seri Adenan Satem.
Menurut Najib, keputusan itu jauh lebih baik kerana melibatkan tindakan penjara
terhadap pesalah yang lebih tegas berbanding penguatkuasaan yang ada
sekarang.Tambah beliau, hukuman penjara akan dilaksanakan mengikut
peruntukan undang-undang khas yang akan dibentuk di bawah Akta Perhutanan
Negara 1984.
(Pindaan 1993).
Based on the above article describe how the activity affect the ecosystem.
Berdasarkan artikel di atas , jelaskan bagaimana aktiviti di atas memberi kesan ke atas
ekosistem
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
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SULIT 26 4551/2
9 (b) Ozone layer found in the second layer of the atmosphere, the stratosphere layer.
Diagram 9 shows a reactions occurring in the ozone layer that has highly significant
impact on life on Earth.
Lapisan ozon terdapat di lapisan kedua atmosfera, iaitu lapisan stratosfera.

Gambarajah 9 menunjukkan tindakbalas yang berlaku dilapisan ozon dan memberi
kesan yang sangat ketara kepada hidupan di bumi.
Oxygen released in to atmosphere

Chlorine radical Oksigen dibebaskan ke atmosfera
breaks bond in
ozone molecules
Radikal klorin
memutuskan
ikatan molekul Creates chlorine monoxide
ozon and diatomic oxygen
Menghasilkan klorin
monoksida dan dua atom
oksigen
Cycles begins again

Kitar bermula lagi
Oxygen atom in
the atmosphere
Atom Oksigen
dalam atmosfera
Produces diatomic oxygen and free

UV energy removes chlorine
chlorine radical Breaks bond in chlorine
atom fromCFC molecul
Menghasilkan dua atom oksigen dan monoxide molecule
Tenaga UV menyingkirkan
radikal klorin bebas Pemutusan ikatan dalam
atom
klorin dari molekul CFC molekul klorin monoksida
Chlorine atom /Atom Klorin
Oxygen Atom/Atom Oksigen
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
(i) Explain the impact on the environment

Jelaskan kesan tersebut terhadap alam sekitar
[8 marks]
[8 markah]
(ii) Suggest ways to reduce the impact on the environment

Cadangkan cara untuk mengurangkan impak di atas terhadap alam sekitar.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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SULIT 2 4551/2

Answer all questions from this section.

1 Diagram 1 shows the structures and organelles found in a plant cell.

(a) (i) Name P, Q and R.

(ii) Explain the function of P in maintaining the shape of a cell.

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Organelle R/ Organel R Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + energy

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Effect to the environment

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2 Diagram 2 shows a meiotic division of an animal cell.

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(a) (i) Name phase S and process U.

(b) (i) Complete the diagram of the daughter cells V and W.

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(ii) State one importance of meiosis.

3. Diagram 3.1 shows an example of energy flow in an ecosystem.

500kJ (i)………..kJ (ii)………kJ

4500kJ 450kJ 45kJ

Energy loss Energy loss Energy loss Energy loss

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Biotic component / Komponen biosis:

Abiotic component/ Komponen abiosis :

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Sebuah ladang dibangunkan berhampiran dengan kolam. Pertumbuhan alga yang

4 Diagram 4 .1 shows the blood circulatory system in organism P and organism Q.

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Sistem peredaran darah terlibat dalam penghasilan antibodi untuk mekanisme

(i) What type of immunity is obtained by A and B respectively?

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows the structure of a nephron in the human kidney.

(a) (i) Name the process that occurs at P.

(ii) Explain how the process occurs at P.

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(b) Explain one difference between the contents of Q and R.

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Dialysis fluid out

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Answer any two questions from this section.

( ii ) Describe the involvement of the organelles in the production of extracellular

6 (b) Diagram 6.2 shows three stages in an enzyme reaction.

Hepatic portal Vein/ Organ Y

Small intestine/ Usus kecil

Organ X and organ Y memainkan peranan yang penting dalam sistem

Seeorang yang mengambil makanan berproetin dengan banyak akan

7 (b) Diagram 7.2 shows two different individuals

Pregnant woman Teenager

Explain the dietary requirements of each group represented by the

Explain why the mountain climber needs to wear such equipments?

9 (a) The following is a newspaper clipping about illegal logging in Malaysia

PUTRAJAYA August 30 - The government will enforce the law to impose a

PUTRAJAYA 30 Ogos - Kerajaan akan menguat kuasa undang-undang untuk

Tegas Najib, keputusan itu diambil memandangkan tindakan kompaun yang

Pembalakan haram di negara ini masih berterusan yang dilakukan oleh

Lapisan ozon terdapat di lapisan kedua atmosfera, iaitu lapisan stratosfera.

Oxygen released in to atmosphere

Cycles begins again

Produces diatomic oxygen and free

Chlorine atom /Atom Klorin

Oxygen Atom/Atom Oksigen