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Iot Comic Book Original PDF
Iot Comic Book Original PDF
the
e
ing
n
spir
r
In
In t e
Things!
Foreword
by Gérald Santucci
15 illustrative
IoT application scenarios
Tobias Kowatsch
(University of St. Gallen)
Stefan Fischer
(University of Luebeck)
But in reality, we never aimed at making a comic book!
Wolfgang Maas
(Saarland University)
Sebastian Lange
(VDE/VDI-IT)
Francois Carrez
(University of Surrey)
Bernard Hunt
(University of Surrey)
Richard Egan
(Thales UK, Research and Technology) About a year ago, I started working We need to engage the general We invite you to use the material in
Jan Höller on a – then new – European project public, public authorities and busi- this book to communicate and think
(Ericsson AB) called the Internet of Things Initia- ness stakeholders that will be the about the Internet of Things.
Alessandro Bassi tive (IoT-i) on a topic that was sup- contributors and end users of the
(Alessandro Bassi Consulting) posed to find strategically important Internet of Things.
Stephan Haller IoT applications.
(SAP AG) We need a new medium to com- Mirko Presser
Gunter Woysch We managed to gather about 150 municate the idea of the Internet of The Alexandra Institute
(Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland AG) application scenarios, short texts Things, its challenges, its problems Autumn 2011
describing an IoT application in a and its benefits; encouraging people
situation. Quite diverse material and to think about this new disruptive
mainly from other European projects technology.
Production – past and present.
Team: There are few things better than
After categorisation, combining and telling a story with pictures.
• Jan Horsager elimination we ended up with just
(the Alexandra Institute) fewer than 60 application scenarios This “comic book” is aimed at
• Tine Raun that we presented to the public in everybody. Everybody can
(the Alexandra Institute) a survey to find out what scenarios look at the stories that are
• Michael Skotting would be strategically important. being told and form an
(Raaskot Visuel Kommunikation) opinion. Use them as a
• Mirko Presser About 300 persons, mainly from basis for deep discus-
(the Alexandra Institute) the ICT community, from over 30 sions or just as inspira-
• Stig Andersen different countries, took the survey. tion; agree or disagree
(Thingvalla Kommunikation) and anything in between
• Bente Kjølby Larsen Now this is not bad – but it is stay- – but talk about it.
(the Alexandra Institute) ing within the ICT community. We
need to branch out.
Throughout this comic you will find Quick Response Codes or QR Codes pointing
Printed by PrinfoAarhus you to additional content such as videos, webpages or pdf-files via the internet.
This evolution marks indeed a humans. At that time, imperceptibly, men as responsible and mature, eration, smart communities, and
technological disruption, which is the world will no longer be the same. able to act rationally, and capable of governance, but also for getting an
perfectly illustrated in this IoT Comic defining themselves through moral idea whether the Internet of Things
Book, but it also heralds the onset Then, will the prophecy of Trajan autonomy and freedom of choice, will actually bring raw data to the in-
of a new paradigm for the relation- Koruga, the poet in The Twenty- we establish high level guidance for dividual and the society and whether
ship between human beings and Fifth Hour of C. Virgil Gheorghiu be how systems should be built and it will empower the individual and
objects. fulfilled? “A society which contains what an Internet of Things could, the society to generate new data.
[billions] of mechanical slaves and or should not, do for us.” (Sarah
In 2000, there were 6 billion a mere [seven billion] humans (…) Spiekermann, 2011). Whether we will be able to escape
humans living on Earth and 500 will reveal the characteristics of its the enslavement of reification – the
million devices connected to the proletarian majority (…). We must realise that the object is essential tendency of capitalism to
Internet. During 2008, while the at the same time a communication place the human condition under
EU Presidency was organising its We are learning the laws and the channel and a stock of information, the reign of commodities – and to
“Internet of Things – Internet of the jargon of our slaves, so that we can which reflects social relationships in a propose a re-enchantment of the
Future” Conference in Nice, France, give them orders. And so, gradually society at a certain moment. Human world grounded in the real, intimate
the number of devices connected to and imperceptibly, we are renounc- beings communicate through the and powerful connection between
the Internet exceeded for the first ing our human qualities and our own objects that they trade. The nature humans, objects, and nature.
time the number of people on Earth. laws.” of the objects and the terms of their “By letting comics illustrate the
exchange are the symbol of the way a narratives of the many facets of
Today in 2011, the world population Or will an enlightened version of the society watches and represents itself. the Internet of Things – in particular Gérald Santucci
reaches 7 billion and the number Internet of Things emerge in which Therefore, the future of the objects society, technology, industry, etc.
of connected devices 13 billion. By the desirable power relationship be- in the Internet of Things is not only – this book gives a large space to Head of Unit,
2015, there will be over three times tween human beings and machines important for understanding how imagination and creativity, and also ‘Networked Enterprise and RFID’
the amount of connected devices as will be reflected in system design? we should address policies such as to excitement and trepidation. It’s
people on the planet and five years spectrum, standardisation, privacy, witty, charming, funny, and so in- European Commission
later, there will be 50 billion con- “If we take today’s Idea of Man in security, numbering, open data, structive and interesting! Opt in and – Directorate-General Information
nected devices for only 7.6 billion the Western world, which views education, recycling, global coop- have a nice journey into the future!” Society and Media
2 3
Smart Urban
Management
Optimisation Incentives
The Internet of Things will optimise The Internet of Things will enable Credits can then be used to gain fi-
processes happening in the real a world where we can have more nancial rewards such as tax returns
world. incentives, and not just financial or simply in comparing each other
Smart urban waste management will provide useful information to incentives. to your friends and fellow citizens in
the public by encouraging and promoting an easier and more Logistics, utilities or event operation social real-world games.
environmentally friendly way of collecting waste. are complex tasks that are gov- Financial incentives have been
This can be achived by identifying and erned by many parameters that are employed for decades with a moder- Experimentation with other than
emptying bins and containers when today estimated or simply unknown. ate degree of success – in some financial incentives is an important
they are close to their fill level but areas they work; in others they have area that knowledge from the
not overflowing at private The IoT enables detailed data limited impact. It is all about instant Internet of Things will enable. But
households, enterprises gathering of information on a much feedback. finding out what triggers human
and public areas. higher granularity and much better behavioural changes, is altogether
precision than ever before. Computer games are great exam- another area of research.
ples where there is always a task to
In the “Smart Urban Waste Manage- be performed that is just challeng-
ment” application scenario garbage ing enough to engage in but easy
collection can be optimised e.g. enough to achieve (maybe after a
in terms of route optimisation few tries, but nevertheless).
based on fill levels. Empty bins are
bypassed, full bins are emptied, and In the “Smart Urban Waste Manage-
broken bins can be repaired quickly. ment” application scenario citizens
Optimisation saves time and get instant feedback in the form of
reduces costs – an important factor ‘green credits’ (a virtual currency)
for today’s economically challenged for their behaviour – overuse of a
cities. resource (in this case the bin space
is the resource) is ‘punished’ by
Optimisation is, however, a chal- removing credits; and efficient use is
lenge in such scenarios. The de- rewarded with ‘green credits’.
velopment of algorithms to find the
right patterns out of masses of data
and feed the results into reliable
business processes will need much
experimentation until the right level
of confidence is achieved.
Urban planning
Traditional urban planning happens
with government-generated data
sets. These are relatively stable and
are sourced with well established
methods.
Making policy
The Internet of Things will make
policy.
Citizens can see actions that the city planners have taken or are plan-
With the increase in ever more
ning to implement. Citizens can also actively participate in the conversa-
detailed knowledge about our world,
tion by posting messages to the city authorities.
and in particular our environment,
policy decisions can be made based
on real data. And more importantly,
their impact can be monitored
almost in real time.
The response of Alessandro Bassi, from the developments within the ”We are pretty much at the begin- ”Proper governance, in particular
Alessandro Bassi Consulting, to Internet of Things. Together with the ning, both in terms of number of with respect to privacy and security,
the question ”Does the Internet of energy sector, these are also the interconnected objects and ways to also needs to be developed. You
Things need a killer app?” is a case sectors where practical implemen- interconnect them. To a large extent, don’t want everyone to know which
in point: tations of the Internet of Things are we are still using wireless or RFID objects you have in your home.
most easily available. technologies to develop solutions
”I don’t think we need a killer app, for specific tasks. The Internet of There is a risk of intrusion by vision of the Internet of Things. Alessandro Bassi has worked with
but we need a killer business model. Alessandro Bassi does in fact see Things will encompass these tech- governments and companies, and ”Work on the Internet of Things is the Internet of Things since 2004
Just look at the impact that Apple’s some impatience among consumers nologies, but we need to go much if you look at some of the current carried out in a lot of different fields, when he joined Hitachi Europe as a
App Store has had on the app for Internet of Things solutions that further. This also goes for everything attempts at controlling the Internet, so there is a need for a place where researcher for advanced networking
business.” would make their daily lives easier. related to the supply of energy to this is pretty scary. So privacy and the tech people, the policy people, topics. When asked what excites
individual sensors or other devices. security need to be addressed from end users and science staffers him about it, he does not mince
According to Alessandro Bassi, one ”We are in a similar situation as We cannot just stick a battery into the point of view of both technology can meet and exchange ideas and words: ”The Internet of Things will
model could be based on the idea with the Internet in 1992. The all objects, so we need to find a and governance.” experiences. But we need to find be a much bigger revolution than the
of borrowing and lending objects Internet of Things is in its infancy, way to harvest ambient energy.” a good ”story line” – it shouldn’t Internet and the mobile telephony
instead of buying them. Obviously, but people are getting much more Alessandro Bassi is confident be yet another board, yet another put together!”
with the whole process made much excited much faster. Why not just In fact, he says, we need to get that the potential of the Internet of standardisation body or yet another
easier than it is today. walk out of the supermarket with away from the idea of adding Things will eventually be realised. conference.”
the food in the trolley without having something to objects to enable But short-term, he also sees the risk
”Take the example of a drill, which to take it out in order to pay?” interconnectivity. of actual implementations not being Alessandro Bassi is confident that
you will see in many households. able to match the hype. the IoT-i Forum will be a community
A drill can be pretty expensive, so But what is the Internet of Things ”We need real integration of where everything from protocols to
given the fact that you may in total - really? The answer is obviously in- components, for instance by the ”Technical development takes a architecture and governance can be
use it for about 10 minutes in its fluenced by the fact that Alessandro use of non-silicone transistors like long time, and I think that some of discussed openly.
lifetime makes for quite a high price Bassi has worked for years within transistors made of plastic. This the current hype about the Internet
per minute. Renting one in your the area of advanced networking would mean that we did not need of Things may wear off. I don’t think ”The IoT-i Forum is a community in
local DIY store is quite a hassle, so technology. to stick a chip on everything, but that anything major will happen the sense that individuals can con-
imagine putting a stupid chip into the transistor and thus the ability to within a timeframe of about five tribute with their input and insights,
the drill and being able to track it ”I tend to see the Internet of Things communicate would be embedded years in the field, which may cool and exchange of ideas can take
and borrow it through some kind of as the interconnectivity of objects. It in the object itself. This is a very down the general interest.” place without any company policies
community service instead.” is the capability to uniquely identify important aspect.” or other external factors blurring the
and communicate with objects by Alessandro Bassi considers the IoT-i picture.” i
Alessandro Bass
He points to logistics and health as electromagnetic means.” And he Again, technology is only part of forum to be an important instrument
sectors that will certainly benefit continues: the story. in the process of developing the
10 11
Ageing Population
Saving time
The Internet of Things will save you Telemedicine is a fast moving area,
time and improve your quality of life. and applications and devices are
Events
“Early in life I had noticed that no
event is ever correctly reported in a
newspaper.”
– George Orwell
The cars both report a crash to the How many people are injured and
emergency services and possibly how severe? Are there dangerous
the number of passengers and the chemicals involved?
force of impact, bystanders report
the crash calling on their mobile Detecting events accurately is
- immediately detected the accident and the
phones – location and time are key an important challenge of the
event was fused with geo-location information
factors in determining if the events Internet of Things and something
and transmitted to the local emergency author-
are linked and can be combined into that seems limitless in terms of
ity to guide them to the accident site.
one emergency call. complexity.
NFC
Near Field Communications (NFC) insights can be formed if we know
Bus 2A ...
is an important technology of the where transactions take place:
Internet of Things. storing this and accessing it like
a virtual database with structured
NFC is closely linked to the mobile queries will provide business intel-
phone and is a specialised technol- ligence and enable a new set of
ogy in the radio frequency identifica- useful applications.
tion (RFID) technology family.
Location-based
services
The Internet of Things and location-
based services empower a whole
new view of the world.
– says Harish Viswanathan, CTO you can almost talk about an extra relating to energy consumption, tion. I see a lot of potential in that And returning to his initial point
Advisor on M2M and Devices, level of perception,” he says. security, etc. need to bridge different and believe that sooner or later, about communication and exchange
Alcatel-Lucent. Healthcare technology allowing us sectors.” it will materialise,” says Harish of useful information, he points to
to stay longer in our own homes Viswanathan. the issue of semantics.
Harish Viswanathan has a back- and intelligent parking solutions One of the major bumps on the road “We have a challenge of analysing
ground in wireless network solu- enabling us to much more easily towards cross-sector implementa- Alcatel-Lucent is offering solutions all the data available. What we need
tions, and three years ago he joined find a parking space are just two tions of Internet of Things solutions for the Internet of Things today – is a data model that enables billions
the Chief Technology Office within examples of how Internet of Things is the lack of standards, or rather, like a Machine-to-Machine service of deployed devices to generate
Alcatel-Lucent’s research arm Bell solutions can improve our lives. So lacking interoperability between dif- platform with management func- information that could be connected
Labs, working on machine-to-ma- for Harish Viswanathan, achieving ferent standards. tionality, applications and services. in a useful manner. There is ongoing
chine and sensor network strategy. the vision of the Internet of Things But research and development is research in the semantics involved Ha
rish
A move he has not regretted. is really about enabling individual “Today, many manufacturers continuing. Harish Viswanathan here, and I believe that the results Viswa
nathan
“It was really an emerging field at applications in our day-to-day lives reinvent the wheel and start build- points to areas where work is still will have an important impact on
the time, and it has been growing that pursue that very goal. ing solutions from scratch with to be done – areas that he is also the deployment of Internet of Things
exponentially ever since – in the a slightly different protocol. This personally involved in through his solutions,” he says.
company and in the industry. I’m Although many Internet of Things results in incompatible solutions work at Alcatel-Lucent.
happy that I got an early start within applications are sector-specific and much higher development costs Harish Viswanathan sees the
this very exciting area,” he says. today, e.g. within healthcare, than if standard components and “The wireless connectivity itself Internet of Things Initiative as a
To realise the vision of the Internet transport and utility services, Harish protocols had been used,” says needs to be improved. The wireless very good opportunity for people
of Things, a whole range of chal- Viswanathan points to a number of Harish Viswanathan. networks we have today are not from different areas and industries
lenges are to be met. According fields where solutions per definition designed for machine-to-machine to meet in order to understand the
to Harish Viswanathan, one is to need to be cross-sector. He believes that the different sec- communication that really only requirements of all the different
make communication with everyday tors will eventually come together in requires very small amounts of data stakeholders.
objects more intuitive. “Smart cities is a good example a machine-to-machine communica- to be processed. Further research
of cross-sector Internet of Things tion infrastructure similar to that of needs to be done on how to opti- “One of the strong points of the
“Today, we can do a lot in terms of solutions. Here a number of sectors a mobile network. This will mean mise networks to handle a large Internet of Things Initiative is that
human-to-human communication at deploying machine-to-machine com- that multiple applications can number of small data transactions. it is international. Also, a lot of the
the push of a button. But the Inter- munication have to come together interact through a service platform As part of that, the issue of scalabil- other forums are industry forums
net of Things aims at enriching life to create a smart city including effi- infrastructure deployed by service ity also has to be addressed.” focusing on partnerships within
by creating more intelligent connec- cient and smart traffic management, providers. Device management, low-power individual businesses, whereas the
tions between devices and people. security, parking, etc. All with the consumption and security and Internet of Things Initiative also has
In a sense, we are extending the objective of making people’s lives “There is talk about creating a privacy issues are other important a research focus, which to a much
human intelligence by intelligently easier. Also smartphone applica- partnership project like 3GPP for focus areas, according to Harish higher degree provides a long-term
processing data to the point where tions to control your home devices machine-to-machine communica- Viswanathan. perspective,” he concludes.
22 23
Intelligent
Application
While she takes a product, the
device alerts Anna that it’s not
suitable for her daughter Lea
because of her allergies.
Pointing the RFID reader on the mobile phone
at the products ...
Management
Tom is working in a supermarket.
He is in charge of the management
of a the beverages department.
Optimised product
management RFID
The Internet of Things will allow for Radio Frequency Identifica- RFID tags do not need energy
extreme streamlining of all process- tion (RFID) is probably the most supply – the energy of the incoming
es related to product management important basic technology for the signal is sufficient to produce the
in logistics, such as to be found in Internet of Things. outgoing one, at least for a distance
supermarkets. of typically a few centimetres, which
All products are fitted with RFID tags and sensors, allowing Based on so-called RFIDs, all is usually sufficient.
him to monitor information about ... By employing different technologies kinds of things – in this example
such as RFIDs, sensor networks products in a supermarket – can be In combination with a reader and a
and intelligent accounting software, first uniquely identified, and second product information system (a piece
a supermarket manager will be their location can be precisely of software), RFIDs show their ex-
able to keep track of his inventories determined. treme power: it becomes very easy
without having to count manually to count huge amounts of products
– everything will be automated. In RFIDs can take different forms. The by just moving the reader in front
addition, the software will be able to best known is probably the one you of them.
produce statistics on which prod- can see in this comic book: here, it
ucts are favoured by the customers is a kind of electronic label or tag When a customer takes a product
– for instance by just counting how which can be attached to basically from the shelf and puts it into his
much of a product has been sold, any item or group of items. But cart, the shelf reader will take note
– the products, type and variety, state
but also by monitoring customers’ there are also RFIDs which have the of this be reducing the amount of
or packaging, storage conditions,
behaviour in front of the shelves. It size and form of a grain of rice and that product in the repository. The
expiration date, remaining stock,
is then much easier for the manager can be implanted under the skin of reader in the cart can automatically
changes in the products’ location
to decide where to place which an animal or a human. register the product so that pay-
and ...
– consumers’ profiles such as time spent in the area products on the shelf in order to ment at the cashier can be done in
or in front of a product or products they are interested optimise the offer – and certainly The most common form of RFIDs zero time.
in (e.g. picked up but not bought). the sales. (and the one relevant here) is
In this way, I can conclude the flow of the goods in the passive: whenever they receive a It should not go unmentioned that
department, the efficiency of my marketing strategy in With such up-to-date information certain signal from an RFID reader, many people have some fears
the department, and I learn about the behaviour and available, a manager can react they send back a signal to this concerning their privacy – they think
satisfaction of the consumers according to the supply. much more quickly to important reader. This signal is unique for this that with RFIDs, everything they do
events or changes in current tag, so the reader can uniquely iden- can be taken note of and accounted
situations, such as low inventory tify the tag – and thus the product to them.
or changing customer needs and attached.
wishes – and all this without any
manual work, just through auto-
matic monitoring.
In real time, he observes the way the products impact the consumers’ behaviour.
28 29
Mobile Application for
The Energy Service Providers will use the smart en- Ok, seems like a new
ergy meters to remotely read the power consumption fridge would do magic to
in order to send the invoice to the consumers and my energy bill.
give advice on how to reduce energy consumption.
Behaviour
The Internet of Things will show us Sensors and tags in objects will
who we are! record when they are being used
and for how long – linking this with
Well, maybe it will not look into our who is just another step.
“soul”, but it will tell us what we did
for how long, where and when. We The Internet of Things enables a
constantly interact with things – a trace of how we interact with our
lot with our mobile phone – and we surroundings, information that
leave footprints already today with can lead to knowledge on how
our actions. to improve our day, find ways of
saving costs and energy, or simply
The HCC triggers the heating How much of this will be recorded remembering and sharing what we
system by combining data and processed is an open question, do and did.
from outdoor and indoor tem- but Facebook and foursquare for
perature, weather forecast example already provide hints on
from the Internet, and user how much some people are willing
preferences. It adjusts the to share.
house energy consumption
to the real needs of the fam- The HCC recognises which appliances So why not record everyday actions
ily, and most importantly it (washing machine, dishwasher, water around the house to figure out
helps you save money. heater, heating system, etc.) are turned on where our time and money goes –
at a given time and synchronises them to what is a good and what is a bad
ensure the best energy efficiency taking day.
into account pricing structure of the utility
companies.
The Internet of Things is one of the IoT will also make it possible
crucial elements of the smart grid to monitor and predict energy
that will enable autonomous com- consumption patterns in real time,
munication and interaction between thus making optimisation of energy
numerous components of a grid, consumption in line with the energy
thus enabling efficient coordination demands.
of the DERs in line with the current
energy requirements.
34 Videos on smart grid from Con Edison and World Economic Forum 35
Stepha
nH
alle
r
Sometimes people think about the To Stephan Haller and his research Another important issue is how to Internet of Things are primarily
devices when talking about the colleagues at SAP, the Internet of locate the resources relevant to the directed at tracking and monitor-
”things” in the Internet of Things. Things is basically the concept of in- task at hand. ing, e.g. goods in the supply chain.
However, I would like to focus on tegrating the physical and the digital Energy, health and to some extent
the entity that we are directing our world using Internet technology. ”In terms of resources, we weed to manufacturing are also sectors
interest to for some purpose or And the connectivity enabling this be able to find them, for example that can benefit from the technol-
other. This can be a pallet, a truck, integration is what needs to be part temperature sensors that are ogy. However, relatively few of the
any consumer item, or also animate of the Future Internet. adapted to a certain environment implementations can be said to be
things like a person or a cow. Using and that have a certain accuracy. proper instances of the Internet of
a cow as an example is sometimes ”The Internet of Things poses dif- So we probably need an infrastruc- Things, rather, they can be regarded
useful to make the distinction to ferent challenges at several layers ture service for that - a kind of as Intranet of Things.
devices, since most people would of a Future Internet. Also the Future advanced search engine for sensors
agree that we do not connect Internet will be largely IP-based, in or resources.” ”Truly Internet-based implementa-
directly to the cow!” particular IPv6. It has been shown tions are probably still rather rare.
that also Internet of Things devices Stephan Haller also sees a need for Most of the monitoring that takes
Stephan Haller is a veteran within can be efficiently integrated based a common platform for connecting place is running on company-
the field of the Internet of Things. on IPv6, so with regard to the con- sensors inspired by the global social internal systems, meaning that it
His interest dates back to 1998 nectivity layer, we are in fact getting networks. is not Internet-related. In addition,
when he was working in the SAP there.” monitoring is actually just half the
Labs in Tokyo. A local distributor ”We would need somebody to picture. The actuation, that is the
demonstrated RFID technology to When it comes to the service layer, provide a service in the form of a triggering of events, is also a very
him and his colleagues, and they Stephan Haller sees more interest- platform on which to develop ap- important part of the concept of the
immediately realised its potential in ing and also challenging issues plications that make use of the rel- Internet of Things.”
supply chain management applica- ahead. evant sensors. It would be a kind of
tions. social network of sensors, but there Regarding the IoT-i Forum, Stephan push research in the right
”The heterogeneity of devices is are some important issues here: Haller’s ambitions are high. direction. It should also be a place
”What interested me then, as certainly a challenge. What we want What should the business model for ”If we just have another forum like to exchange information about what
it does now, is bringing closer though is interoperability, but one such a service be, and can such a many others, the value is limited. works and what does not work in
together the physical world and the thing is the technical interoper- platform be reliable enough for the The ambition of the IoT-i Forum order to promote best practices
virtual world of IT. I am a software ability, another is the semantic inter- services that you would want to should really be to unify the forces within this area.”
engineer by training, but it is stimu- operability needed for the devices develop?” of the globe behind the idea of the
lating and motivating to work at the to ”understand” each other, and for Internet of Things. It should be a
edge of the software world where it data from different resources to be According to Stephan Haller, the place to exchange information and
touches real life.” comparable and linked together.” current implementations of the to gather requirements in order to
36 37
Smart
Improving
safety Heterogeneous data sources
The Internet of Things will improve The Internet of Things will be made Semantics makes the generation
safety in our society if it is well up of billions of heterogeneous of knowledge from these heteroge-
integrated with processes and pro- devices such as sensors, actuators neous data sources possible. The
cedures in a regulated environment. and tags that are all networked semantic annotation of data coming
together. They will be deployed by from sensors allows different data to
As soon as the incident location is known, an evacu- In the “Smart Events” application many different organisations and in- be fused, reasoned and interpreted
ation of the area is prepared. To do so, the stadium’s scenario a group of sensors confirm dividuals, maintenance is not always by machines to form knowledge that
Meanwhile – at the central command unit ...
central command needs to ... an event – a fire – and provide this guaranteed; some will be reliable and can be easily understood and read
Clear gate A4 data to the command unit. The com- trusted data sources, others will be by humans in fast
immediately! mand unit can action a pre-planned rogue. The data that they provide processes.
emergency evacuation of the event. will range from streaming video in
During the evacuation each step HD quality to sending one bit every
Check! can be monitored by the sensors so often.
Gate A4 cleared! giving instant feedback about the
plan’s effectiveness at the com- In the “Smart Events” application
mand unit. scenario a number of smoke detec-
... immediately redirect the transportation routes tors and cameras confirm a fire at a
throughout the area to both avoid the incident area At the ground level the sensor infor- particular location – simple enough.
and to free up capacity to absorb the sudden surge in mation can be used to maintain a
load on the network (pedestrian, road, underground, coordinated effort across emergency However, during the evacuation pro-
rail), if evacuation is carried out. staff and to 3rd parties such as the cedure numerous sensors facilitate
transport system operators in the the feedback to the command unit
case of this scenario. In addition au- and provide the knowledge and cer-
The central command unit invokes the appropriate
tomation of some processes within tainty that it is safe and timely to go
emergency plan to enforce these changes ...
the plan can be used to improve to the next stage of the evacuation
response time and limit human error. plan. Have the transport routes been
set up? Is there an element of panic
However, integrated scenarios such in the crowd? Have the gates been
as evacuation are highly regulated opened correctly?
and traditional environments – in-
novation from the IoT can only be
achieved with a certain maturity
and robustness of the technology.
Confidence is key.
... and requests data feeds from the relevant sensor net-
works to be made available to monitor the effects of the
plan in real time, in order to assist with decisions around
timing and method, should evacuation be required. Video in Danish from The Alexandra Institute about
38 @aGlance securing the ‘Smuk Fest’ music event 39
Smart
Reusable sensor
networks
Internet of Things infrastructures Overall, Internet of Things applica-
can improve farming but their data tions have not only the potential
can also be sold to third parties. to improve decision-making in a
specific sector but they can also be
His farm is equipped with Managing a farm as depicted on keystones for a service business
sensors that monitor ... the left requires various activities ecosystem from which various
that can be supported by Internet of stakeholders benefit.
– the conditions of the crops (each
Things applications.
area of the farm is separately moni-
tored): duration and level of sunlight,
For example, Frank must always Ethics versus But in contrast to these anticipated
temperature, humidity, level of rain-
fall, wind speed ...
have a detailed picture of weather, safety benefits, sensor networks may also
crop and soil conditions. This be used for controlling and compar-
monitoring requires effort and is Internet of Things applications are ing the workers on the field.
time-consuming, in particular for often a mixed blessing when it
a large farm or even in situations comes to benefits and risks. Calculated performance scores
where Frank owns fields that are could be used as basis for dismiss-
geographically dispersed. In the farming scenario, the sensor ing workers accordingly even
networks can be used to track the though these scores might not
A sensor network allows Frank to location and even the activities of reflect the actual working behaviour
get current data about temperature the workers on the field. This can and performance.
or ground humidity from all of his help Frank to make better decisions
fields. Based upon this data, he is regarding the planning and progress The design, deployment and use of
able to make better decisions in the of his workforce. such Internet of Things applications
planning of upcoming activities. must therefore always address
Additionally, this monitoring can ethical principles too. And it must
Moreover, data gathered by these be helpful in situations where a be the first and foremost interest of
sensor networks can also be sold worker has a serious accident and all stakeholders to discuss these
to organisations such as weather needs immediate assistance. In this issues in advance of a roll-out be-
agencies, the crop industry or other regard, sensor networks address cause otherwise, user acceptance
research communities. Accordingly, safety needs in working environ- suffers and expected benefits would
investments into sensor networks ments. not be present.
– the state of the plants:
must not only rely on Frank alone
size, humidity in the
but they might be part-funded by
ground, ripeness of the
the entire surrounding business
fruits (size, colour, sugar
ecosystem.
level) ...
– and the workers: position in
the area (in the farm or outside),
equipment in use as well as
physical condition.
40 Video on climate smart agriculture from The World Bank 41
ABOUT IERC
智慧的地球
IoT European Research Cluster
BUY 1
NEW
!
European Dimension
IoT has the potential to enhance Europe’s com-
petitiveness and is an important driver for the
development of an information based economy
and society.
Global Dimension
IERC will facilitate the knowledge sharing at the
global level and will encourage and exchange best
=
practice and new business models that are emerg-
ing in different parts of the world.
internet-of-things-research.eu
物联网
E!
FRE
Internet of Things
International Forum
L’internet des objets sans frontières: The
+
Internet of Things without borders is the
motto of the Internet of Things International
Forum.
互联网
No borders for research, collaboration and
our joint vision: a united Internet of Things
50%
F!
42 OF 43
We bridge
Project contributions academia and
About The IoT initiative
The IoT initiative (IoT-i), an EU 7th Framework Programme project initiated in
September 2010, brings together key actors from all relevant but currently frag-
mented IoT communities in Europe. The purpose of the project is to work jointly
industry
towards a common vision for the Internet of Things. It represents the first serious
attempt in building a unified IoT community in Europe, going across boundaries through research-based innovation
of disparate technology sectors, in order to create a joint European strategic
vision for the Internet of Things and aligning this vision with the current develop-
ments on the Future Internet.
The Alexandra Institute is a non-profit company that works with application-
iot-i.eu
oriented IT research.
About The Open Minds project Our focus is pervasive computing, and we activate the business potential of
The Open Minds project is a collaboration among the Association for Automatic
our members and customers through research-based userdriven innovation.
Identification and Mobility, the Technical University of Denmark, the Technology
College Aalborg and the Alexandra Institute. The project aims at developing new
The Alexandra Institute is a member of GTS - Advanced Technology Group
technological applications based on industry needs within the food, construction
– a network of independent Danish research and technology organisations.
and entertainment sectors. Results of the project have helped shape the ideas
presented in this book.
alexandra.dk/uk/Projects/Pages/Open-Minds.aspx
> Visit us at www.alexandra.dk
About OUTSMART
OUTSMART is a usage area project of the Future Internet Private Public Partner-
ship: Provisioning of urban/regional smart services and business models enabled
Illustrations
by the Future Internet. The goal of OUTSMART is to contribute to the Future
Internet by aiming at the development of five innovation ecosystems in Aarhus
DK, Berlin DE, Santander ES, Birmingham UK and Trento IT. These ecosystems
by Mikael Skotting,
facilitate the creation of a large variety of pilot services and technologies that
contribute to optimised supply and access to services and resources in urban
areas. This will contribute to more sustainable utility provision and, through
increased efficiency, lower strain on resources and on the environment.
fi-ppp-outsmart.eu Raaskot Visual
About SmartSantander
SmartSantander proposes a unique in the world city-scale experimental research
facility in support of typical applications and services for a smart city. This
unique experimental facility will be sufficiently large, open and flexible to enable
horizontal and vertical federation with other experimental facilities and stimu- Raaskot creates creative visual concepts,
lates the development of new applications by users of various types, including animations and illustrations for printed and
experimental advanced research on IoT technologies and realistic assessment of
interactive media.
users’ acceptability tests.
smartsantander.eu
www.raaskot.dk
About the national project
The national project on the subject of the Internet of Things is operated by the
Alexandra Institute. Competences on infrastructure, algorithms, platforms and
security issues related to the Internet of Things are strengthened through this
work, and these competences have been fed into this Comic Book.
en.fi.dk/councils-commissions/the-danish-council-for-technology-and-innovation
44 45
L’internet
des objets sans frontières!
Get absorbed
into the Internet of Things!
Part of the work leading to this book has been funded
by the 7th framework programme of the European
Commission.