THIRD EDITION PereCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi Cambridge University Press ‘The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521675802 ‘© Cambridge University Press 2007 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written. permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1990 Second edition 1997 Third edition 2007 6th printing 2008 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-67580-2 Essential Grammar in Use with answers ISBN 978-0-521-67581-9 Essential Grammar in Use without answers ISBN 978-0-521-67543-7 Essential Grammar in Use with CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-67544-4 Essential Grammar in Use CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-67545-1 Essential Grammar in Use Network CD-ROM ISBN 978-3-12-5395381 Essential Grammar in Use with CD Rom Klett Paperback Edition ISBN 978-3-12-5395367 Essential Grammar in Use Klett Paperback Edition‘Thanks vii To the student ‘To the teacher x i Present am/is/are ami/is/are (questions) Tam doing (present continuous) are you doing? (present continuous questions) I do/work/like etc. (present simple) I don’t .... (present simple negative) Do you ... ? (present simple questions) Tam doing (present continuous) and 1 do (present simple) Thave ... and I've got ... 10 was/were 11 worked/got/went etc. (past simple) 12 didn’t... Did you ... ? (past simple negative and questions) 13 Twas doing (past continuous) 14 Twas doing (past continnous) and I did (past simple) Present perfect 15 Ihave done (present perfect 1) 16 Vve just... [ve already... I haven’t ... yet (present perfect 2) 17 Have you ever 18 How long have you 19 for since ago 20 Ihave done (present perfect) and I did (past) (present perfect 3) 2 (present perfect 4) Passive 21 is done — was done (passive 1) 22 is being done has been done (passive 2) Verb forms 23 be/have/do in present and past tenses 24 Regular and irregular verbs Future 25 What are you doing tomorrow? 26 I'm going to ... 27 will/shall 1 28 will/shall 2 Medals, imperative ete. 29 might 30. can and could 31 must mustn't don’t need to OT SURE WHICH UNITS TO eR anes32. should 33 Thove to «+. 34 Would you like ...? Td like 35 De this! Don’t do that! Lot's do this! 36 Tused to... There and it 37. thers 38 there was/were there has/have been __ there will be 30 Te there are Auxiliary verbs 40 Tam, I don’t ete 41 Have you? Are you? Don’t you? ete. 42 too/either so am I/ neither do I etc 43. isn’t, haven't, don’t etc. (negatives) Questions 44 isit...? have you...? do they ... ? etc, (questions 1) 45. Who saw you? Who did you see? (questions 2) 46 Who is she talking to? What is it like? (questions 3) 47 What ...? Which ...? How ... ? (questions 4) 48 How long does it take ... ? 49 Do you know where ...? I don’t know what .... etc. Reported speects 50 She said that... He told me that ... ing and to ... 51 work/working go/going do/doing 52. to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing) 53 I want you to... [told you to... 54 [went to the shop to ... Go, get, do, make aud have 55 goto... goon... gofor... go -ing 56 get 57 do and make 58 have Pronouns anid possessives 59 I/me he/him _ they/them etc. 60 my/his/their etc. 61 Whose is this? It’s mine/yours/hers etc. 62 T/me/my/mine 63 myself/yourself/ themselves etc. G4 5 (Kate's camera / my brother's cat etc) DU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UN TsA ond the 63 a/an... 66 train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural) 67 a bottle / some water (countable/uncountable 1) 68 a cake / same cake / some cakes (countable/nncountble 2) 69. a/an and the 70 the 71 goto work go home go to the cinema Tlike music [hate exams the ... (names of places) Determiners and! pronouns 74. this/that/these/those 75 one/ones 76 some and any 77 not+any no none 78 not + anybody/anyone/anything —_ nobody/no-one/nothing 79 somebody /anything/nowhere etc. 80 every and all 81 all“ most some any —_no/none S2 both either neither 83 alot much — many S4 (a) little (a) few Adjectives and adverts 85 old/nico/interesting etc. (adjectives) 86 quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs) 37 old/older expensive / more expensive 88 older than... more expensive than ... 89 not as ... as 90 the oldest the most expensive 91 enough 92 too Word order 93 He speaks English very well. (word order 1) 94. always/usually /often etc, (word order 2) 95 still yet already 96 Give me that book! Give it to me! Conjunations and clauses 97 and but or © s0,—_—because 98 When If you see ... ete. If we went ... etc 101 aperson who ... a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 1) 102 the people we met the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2) assayvi Prepositions 103 at 8 o'clock on Monday —_ in April 104 from ...to until since for 105 before after during —_ while 106 in at on (places 1) 107 im ae om (places 2) 108 to in at (places 3) 109 under, behind, opposite etc 110 up, over, through etc. M1on at by with — about 112 afraid of ..., good at ... etc. _of/at/for etc. (prepositions) + ~ing 113 listen to ... look at ... ete. (verb + preposition) Phiasal verbs 114 go in, fall off, run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1) 115 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2) Appendices Appendix 1 Active and passive 243 Appendix 2. List of irregular verbs 244 Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 245 Appendix 4 Short forms (he’s /Td /donte ct) 246 Appendix 5 Spelling 248 Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (take off / give up etc) Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + object (put out a fire / give up your job etc) 251 Additional exercises 252 Study guide 271 Key to Exercises 283 Key to Additional exercises 310 Key to Study guide 313 Index 315 facunua cur IDE ON‘Por their help in producing this third edition of Essential Grammar in Use, I would like to Senk Liz Driscoll, Jessica Roberts and Alison Sharpe. 1 would also like to hank the weachers ‘sed reviewers from various countries who provided me with feedback on the previous edition. ‘ascations by Kate Charlesworth, Richard Deverell Gillian Martin, Roger Penwall, ‘Lea Smith, lan West and Simon Williams Daien by Kamae Design‘This is a grammar book for elementary students of English. ‘There are 115 units in the book and each unit is about a different point of English grammar. There is a list of units at the beginning of the book (Contents). Do not study all the units in order from beginning to end. It is better to. choose the units that you need to do. For example, if you have a problem with the present perfect (I have beer, hue has done etc.) study Units 15-20. Use the Contents or the Index (at the back of the book) to find the unit {or units) that you need. If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the Study guide at the back of the book. Study guide (pages 271-282)Each unit is owo pages. ‘The information is on she left-hand page and she exercises are on the right: Information Exercises Soudy the left-hand page (information), and then do the exercises on the right-hand page. ‘Use the Key to check your answers. The Key is fon pages 283-309. Saudy the lefi-hand page again if necessary. Don't forget the seven Appendices at the back of the book (pages 243-251). These sill give you information bout active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short formns, spelling and phrasal verbs. ‘There are also Additional xorcses at the back of the Sook (pages 252-270). ‘There isa list of these exercises on page 252. CD Rom You can buy this book with or without CD Rom, On the CD Rom there ate more exercises on all the units, and these are different from the exercises in the book. There are also more than 600 test questions.The most important features of this book are: C It is a gramunar book. It does not deal with other aspects of the language. 1 It is for elementary learners. It does not cover areas of grammar which are not normally tanght at elementary level. O Iris a reference book with exercises. It is not a course book and is not organised progressively. 1 It is addressed to learners and intended for self-study. Organisation of the book ‘There are 115 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area of grammar. The material is organised in. grammatical categotics, such as tenses, questions and articles. Unity are not ordered according to difficulty, and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(9). The book should ot be worked through from beginning to end. The units are listed in the Contents and there is a comprehensive Index at the end of the book. ach unit has the same format consisting of ewo facing pages. The grammar poine is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. There ate seven Appendices (pages 243-251) dealing with active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling and phrasal verbs. Tt might be useful for teachers to draw students’ attention to these. At the back of the book there is a set of Additional exercises (pages 252-270). These exercises provide ‘mixed’ practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units (especially those concerning verb forms). There are 35 exercises in this section and there is a full fist on page 252. Also at the back of the book there is a Study guide to help students decide which units to study ~ see page 271. Finally, there is a Key (pages 283-309) for students to check their answers to all the exercises in. the book. An edition without the Study guide and Key is available for teachers who would prefer it for their students. Level ‘The book is for elementary learners, 1.¢. learners with very little English, but not tor complete beginners. It is intended mainly for elementary students who are beyond the early stages of a beginners’ course. It could alo be used by low-intermediate learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects of their English or who have problems with particular areas of basic grammar ‘The explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible. The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be used at this level, Using the book The book can be used by students working alone (see Te the student) or as supplementary course material. In either case the book can serve as an elementary grammar book ‘When used as course material, the book can be used for immediate consohdation or for Jater revision or remedial work. It might be used by the whole class or by individual students needing extra help and practice.one cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and explanation) in bur it should be noted that these have been written for individual study and reference. se cases, it would probably be better for teachers to present the grammar point in their sway with the exercises being done for homework, The left-hand page is then for later reference by the student. ceachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In this case, students or groups of students can be directed to the appropriate units for self-study practice, ‘Rom book is sold with or without a CD Rom. This contains farther exercises on all the units she book, as well as a bank of more than 600 test questions from which users can select to their own tests. ‘The CD Rom is also available separately. Essential Grammar in Use Third Edition This is a new edition of Essential Grammar int Use. The differences between this edition eed the second edition are: = The book has been redesigned with new colour illustrations. = There is one new unit (Unit 35) and some reorganisation, so that most units have different numbers from the previous edition, = There are many (usually minor) revisions to the explanations, examples and exercises. © There are two new pages of Additional exenises (pages 252-270). © There is a new Study guide at the back of the book to help users decide which units to snady, = There is a new CD Rom with further exercises to accompany the book. xiam/is/are Ee Guan a 1m not married. Ym interested in art negative am | (Cm) 1) am not | (Pm not) | (hers) he (he’s not or he isn’t) is | (he’s) she | is not | (she’s not or she isn’t) (it’s) it [favs not or it isn’t) we (we're) we (we're not or we aren’t) you | are | (you're) you | are not | (you're not or you aren’t) they | (hey're) they (they're not or they aren’t) skort form short forms 1 Pm cold. Can you close the window, please? (1 Vm 32 years old. My sister is 29. 0 Steve is ill. He’s in bed. 1 My brother is aftaid of dogs. O It’s ten o'clock. You're late again. © Amn and 1 are good friends. 10 Your keys are on the table 15 Pm tired, but Pm not hungry. 0 Tom isn’t interested in politics. He’s interested in music, 1D Jane isn’t a teacher. She’s a student. © Those people aren’t English. They're Australian, 9 It’s sunny today, bue it isn’t warm. that’s = that is there’s = there is here's = here is 10 Thank you. That's very kind of you. hort 0 Look! There’s Chris. ER 1 ‘Here’s your key? ‘Thank you? FEE ( (CHere’s your key z =z 9 12 ‘am/is/are (questions) = Unit 2 there isfare ~ Unit 37 aan -* Unit 65 short forms ~» Appendix 4reises Unit 1 Write the short form (she's / we aren't etc). I she is she's. Bit is Mot eB DAM OE enn 2 they are 4 thats 6 you are not Write am, is or are. 1 The weather .'6_. nice today. 5 Look! There Carol. 21... not rich. 6 My brother and { good tennis players = This bag heavy. 7 Emily... at home. Her children at school. + These bags heavy. gt a taxi driver. My sister a nue. Complete the sentences. § Steve is ill... HE'S... in bed. 2 Fm not hungry, but thirsty. 3 Mr Thomas is a very old man. - 98. 4 These chairs aren't beautifal, but comfortable 5 The weather is nice today. warm and sunny. 6° late? ‘No, I'm not. I'm early!” > Catherine isn’t at home. at work, s° your coat! ‘Ol dank you very smuch? Look at Lisa's sentences in 1A. Now write sentences about yourself. 1 (mame?) My 5 (favourite colour or colours?) 2 (om?) 1 My = es 3 (2ge2)Lneeeencncnennnnstmmnetmesnanee (interested in ... 2) + (job?) 1 1 = Write sentences for the pictures. Use: angry cold hot OX 2 so 1 __She's thirsty. a Her, 5 = 2 They... 4 = 6 _ Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use is/isn’t or are/aren't. 1 Git / hot today) ik iene hot today... or IES Web today. 2 Ge / windy today) Ie a 3 (my hands / cold) My : 4 (Brazil / a very big country) 5 iamonds / cheap) 7 6 (Toronto / in the US) . 7 = Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use I'm / I'm not. 7 (tired) Vm tired... or 1m, nob tired. 8 (hungry) — 9 (@ good swimmer) a 10. Gnterested in football) _ Eee + Additional exercise 1 (page 252) 13positive question What's your rame? I) am am | 1? Cowid. ( he | als Bs ‘Are you married? = = coy hh you | are are | you? they they? ‘Are you @ student? GE 0 ‘Am Late?” ‘No, you're on time’ 0 “Is your mother at home?” ‘No, she’s out 1 ‘Are your parents at home?” ‘No, they’re out? © sit cold in your room? “Yes, a lite’ 1D Your shoes are nice. Are they new? We say: Is she at home? / Is your mother at home? (ot Is at home your mother?) U Are they new? / Are your shoes new? {fiat Are new your shoes?) Where ... ?/ What ... ?/ Who ... ?/ How ...?/ Why ... ? 1D Where is your mother? Is she at home? 1D ‘Where are you fiom?” “Canada. 1 ‘What colour is your car? ‘Its red’ C ‘How old is Joc?” ‘Hic 24? 1 How are your parents? Are they well? © These postcards are nice. How much are they? 1 This hotel isn’t very good. Why is it so expensive? what’s = what is who’s = whois how’s = how is — wherc’s = where is 1D What's the time? 10 Who's that man? 1 Where's Lucy? 1D How’s your father? Short answers 1 he he’s she | is. she’s she | isn’t, No, it isn't. it it’s we we're you | are. you're you | aren't. they they're they O ‘Are you tied? “Yes, Iam.’ 1 ‘Are you hungry? ‘No, Pm not, but I’m thirsty’ 14s your friend English?” “Yes, he is.’ C ‘Are these your keys?” 0 “That's my seat’ ‘No, amjisjare— Unit 1 questions -» Unit 44 what/which/how —» Unit 47rcises Unit 2 ‘Find the right answers for the questions. + Where's the camera? A London. 1 @ 2 Is your car blue? B No, I'm not. 2 5 Is Linda from London? © Yes, you are. Bien 4 Am I late? D My sister. 4 3 Where's Ann from? E Black. 5 © What colour is your bag? |_| F No, its black ee 7 Are you hungry? G In your bag. 7 ae S How is George? H No, she’s American. 8 9 Who's that woman? I Very well 9 Make questions with these words. } fis /at home / your mother) _!5_your_mother_ab home 2 (your parents / are / well) Are your parents, well 5 interesting / is / your job) ~~ + (che shops / are / open today) (ftom / where / you / are) : interested in sport / you / are) - Gis / near here / the post OfFCE) eos noannnnnne {ar school / are / your children) oreo (vou / are / late / why) Complete the questions. Use What ... / Who ... | Where ... \ ou ee 1 How. are. your parents? ‘They're very well. 2 the bus stop? At the end of the street. 3 os your children? Five, six and ten. 4 —_ these oranges? £1.50 a kilo. 3 ‘your favourite sport? Skiing. | www the man in this photograph? “That's my father, your new shoes? / \ Black. Write the questions. g ke hy fl ‘PAUL 1 (name?) _. What's, your, name? is Paul. 2| (American?) = No, I'm Australian. 3.| (how old?) - - I'm 30. 4| (a teacher?) _ No, I'm a lawyer. 3 | (married?) 7 ee ‘Yes, Lam. 6 | (wife a lawyer?) . No, she’s a designer. 7 | (from?) She's Italian. 8] (her name?) 2.0. - Anna, 9 \ (how old?) us scaly She's 27. Write short answers (Yes, | am. / No, he isn't. etc.). 1 Are you married? No, I'm not. 4 Are your hands cold? 2 Are you thirsty? 5 Is it dark now? 3 Is it cold today? cucummenne 6 Are you a teacher? = "+ “additional exercises 1-2 (pages 252-53) 15| am doing (present continuous) She’s eating, It’s raining, ‘They're running. She isn’t reading. The sun isn’t shining. ‘They aren’t walking. The present continuous is: ‘are + doing/eating/running/writing etc. 1| am (not) CO P'm working. I’'m not watching TV. | © Maria is reading a newspaper. is (not) | © She isn’t eating. (or She’s not cating.) -ing |G The phone is ringing. | ) We're having dinner. you | are (not) 1 You're not listening to me. (or You aren’t listening ...) they 0 The children are doing their homework. am/is/are + -ing = something is happening now: Pm working she’s wearing a hat they're playing football Pm not watching tclevision past now future 1D Please be quit, I'm working, (= I’'m working now) 1 Look, there’ Sarah, She’s wearing a brown coat 1 The weather is nice. Ite not raining © ‘Where are the children?” “They're playing in the park! 3 (on the phone) We're having dinner now. Can I phone you later? © You can turn off the television, Pm not watching it she is wearing it now) Spelling (> Appendix 5): come > coming write -> writing dance + dancing ron > running sit sitting swim — swimming lie —> lying. amjisfare > Unit 1 are you doing? (questions) = am doing and I do -> Unit 16 ‘What are you doing tomorrow? —Unit 3 these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences: have lie play sit wait ‘on the floor. _ breakfast. on the table. the sentences. Use these verbs: Bed cock go have stand = stay. «= swim = -worke Flee be quiet. 1 im working. Wheres John? ‘He’s in the kitchen. He... —_ “You ‘on my foot? ‘Oh, I'm sorry? Look! Somebody __ in the river. "= Wee here on holiday. We _... at the Central Hotel. : a shower? —-- a new hotel in the city centre at the moment. — now. Goodbye. “Seek at the picture. Write sentences about Jane. Use She's ~ing or She isn't -ing. 1 (have dinner) dane. isn’t having dinner. 2. (watch television) She's watching television. 3 (sit on the floor) She ..... 4 (read a book) H 5 (play the piano) 6 (laugh) 7 (wear a hat) 7 8 (write a letter) What's happening now? Write true sentences. 1 (0 / wash / my hair)...’ not. washing. my hair, 2 (it / snow) 3 (1/ sit / on a chair) 4 (I /eat) - —_ 5 (it / rain) © (U/ learn / English) 7 (U/ listen / to music) 3 (the sun / shine) . 9 (1 / wear / shoes) 10 (I/ read / a newspaper) v7question am ‘Are you feeling OK? ‘Yes, I'm fine, thanks? O4ls it raining?” — “Yes, ake an umbrella? 5) Why are you wearing a coat? Its not cold. 1G ‘What's Paul doing?” ‘He's reading the newspaper” (0 "What are the children doing?’ “They're watching television’ 1 Look, there’s Emily! Where’s she going? © Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue? Stndy the word onder: is/are + subj + -ing Is | he working today? Is] Paul working today? (not Is working Paul today?) Where | are | they going? Where | are | those people | going? (no Where are going those people?) Short answers 1 | am. rim he he’s she | is. she’s it » | it’s we we're you you're they they're 1 ‘Are you going now? ‘Yes, I am.’ Ui “Is Paul working today? “Yes, he is.” 0 'Is it raining? ‘No, it isn’t.’ 1 ‘Are your fiends staying at a howl?” No, they aren". They've staying with me? Jam doing > Unit 3 What are you doing tomorrow? -* Unit 25 questions ~» Units 44-47Exercises Unit 4 41 Look at the pictures and write the questions. é poe EL aD ‘Cea ~ ») . (Cie yuan tnt of (sexseejealtonare (iat atthe moment. AV (you [ enjoy | the film?) ) 9 (that clock / work). 5) © (you | wait | for 2 bus?) =) ‘Seek at the pictures and complete the questions. Use: cry eat go laugh look at_— read 2 3 ‘qeestions from these words. Put the words in the right order. © working / Paul / today) _.'5. Paul. working. today, “ses the children / are / doing) _.What are the children doing “= xe / listening / to me) 7 7 a | se your friends / are / going). “== watching / your parents / television) 9 ee Jessica / is / cooking) Tee sou / ate / looking / at 11€) eenenennennnennnene-nennn nn coming / the bus) short answers (Yes, | am. / No, he isn't. etc). © fe watching TV? 4 Is it raining? |S se wearing a watch? 5 Are you sitting on the floor? = | =e eating something? 6 Ae you feeling Well? en nnennennnnnemnn 3 (page 253) 1920 I do/work/like ete. (present simple) <>" ‘They're locking at their books. He's cating an ice-cream, They read a lot. He likes ice-cream. They read / he likes / I work etc. V/we/you/they read like work live watch do__have the present simple: he/she/ie reads likes works lives watches does has Remember: he works / she lives / it rains ete 3 L work in a shop. My brother works in a bank. (wot My brother work) 0 Lucy lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland 0 It rains a lot in winter. Thave —* he/the/it has: © John has a shower every day. Spelling (= Appendix 5) wes after -s /-sh / ~ch: pass + passes finish —> finishes watch —> watches -y + ies: study — studies try — ties also: do => does go > goes We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or all the time: OI like big cities. 1 Your English is good. You speak very well. 1 Tim works very hard. He starts at 7.30 and finishes at 8 o'clock in the evening. 1 The carth goes round the sun. 0 We do a lot of different things in our fiee time. 1 It costs a lot of money to build a hospital. always/never/often/usually/sometimes + present simple 1 Sue always gets to work early. (not Sue gets always) CL never eat breakfast. (not | eat never) C We often go away at weekends. 0 Mark usually plays football on Sundays. 0 T sometimes walk to work, but not very often. 1 don't ... (negative) = Do you ... ? (questions) 1am doing and | do > always/usually/often ete. (word order) >Exercises Unit 5 54 53 55 Write these verbs with -s or -es. 1 (read) she ....reads, 3 (fy) it 5 (have) she _ 2 (think) he mn 4 (dance) he 6 (Ginish) it Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use: cat live play play — seep He. plays che piano. 4 tennis. They i in a very big house. 5 to the cinema a lot. alot of fruit. 6 seven hours a night. ae Complete the sentences. Use: boil close cost cost like like meet open speak teach wash 1 Maria ... $P¢4k5... four languages. 2 ‘The shops in the city centre usually . at 9 o'clock in the morning. 3 The City Museum: at 5 o'clock in the evening. 4 ‘Tina is a teacher. She mathematics to young children. 5. My job is very interesting. To nnnnme a Hot of people. 6 Peter's car is always dirty. He never it. 7 Food is expensive. It a lor of money. 8 Shoes are expensive. They a lot of money. 9 Water at 100 degrees Celsius. 10 Julia and I ate good friends. 1 her and she me. Write sentences from these words. Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives ete). 1 (always / early / Sue / arrive) ...4¢ always, arrives early. J 2 (to the cinema / never / 1 / go) T 7 3 (work / Martina / hard / always) —— . e 4 (like / chocolate / children / usually) 5 (julia / parties / enjoy / always) eae es 6 (often / people’s names / 1 / forget) 7 (television / Tim / watch / never) 8 (usually / dinner / we / have / at 7.30) 9 Genny / always / nice clothes / wear) —= Write sentences about yourself. Use always/never/often/usually/sometimes. 1 (watch TV in the evening) _..!_ usually watch TV in the evering. 2 (read in bed) 1 a i = 3 (get up before 7 o'clock)... 4 (go t0 work/school by bus) " a 5. (drink coffee in the morning) 21‘The present simple negative is don’t/doesn’t + verb: No, thanks. | don't drink coffee. She doesn’t drink coffee. He doesn’t like his job. positive negative 1) work I we | like we | don’t you | do you | (do not) | work they | have they like works do he he she | likes di, | doesn’t | have ie | does ae | (does not) has 0.1 drink coffee, but 1 don’t drink tea. 0 Sue drinks tea, but she doesn’t drink coffee. © You don’t work very hard. 1 We don’t watch television very often, C1 The weather is usually nice, It doesn’t rain very often. 1 Gary and Nicole don’t know many people Remember: Vwe/you/they don’t .. OT don’t hike football. he/she/it_—_ doesn’t 1 He doesn’t like football. 1 don’t like Fred and Fred doesn’t like me. (not Fred don't like) 1D My car doesn’t use much petrol. (net My car don’t use) G Sometimes he is late, but it doesn’t happen very often, We use don't/doesn’t + infinitive (lon't Tike / doesn’t speak / doesn't do etc): 111 don’t like washing the car. { don’t do it very often. Sarab speaks Spanish, but she doesn’t speak Italian. (not doesn’t speaks) 1 Bill doesn’t do his job very well. (net Bill doesn't his job) 1 Paula doesn’t usually have breakfast. (ot doesn’t ... bas) | dofworkllike etc. (present simple) + Unit 5 Do you... ? (present simple questions) —* Unit 7Exercises Unit 6 e 53 Write the negative. 1 I play the piano very well. | don’t play the. piano very well. 2 2 Jane plays the piano very well, Jane 3 They know my phone number, They ———— a _ 4 We work very hard, 3 He has a bath every day. 6 You do the same thing every day. Study the information and write scntcnecs with like. gQ : 1 ..Ben_and, Sophie. like, classical. music. } Kate f ae aa I chssical music. BEN AND SopHie Kare You 2 Ben and Sophie 1 classical music? | yes no > Kate - — 2 boxing? no yes | € 1 — ~ - — 3 horror films? yes no Bn 7 eo 4 Write about yourself. Use: Inever... or loften... or don't... very often. 1 (watch TV) don’t watch TV. very often. or never watch TY. or __Loften watch, TV. 2 (go to the theatre) - ——— 3 (ride a bicycle) 4 (eat in restaurants) meee — 5 (travel by train). a: a Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use don’t/doesn't + these verbs: cost go know ead see use. wear 1 [buy 2 newspaper every day, but sometimes 1 nit, 2. Paul has a car, but he it very often. 3 Paul and his friends like films, but they to the cinema very often. 4 Amanda is married, but she renee THN. BT oon _.. much about politics. I'm not interested in it 6 The Regent Hotel isn't expensive. It much to stay there. 7 Brian lives very near us. but we him very often. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. 1 Margaret _. SP€9K9___ four languages — English, French, German and Spanish. (speak) 2 1_.don't luke. my job. Its very boring. (like) 3 ‘Where's Martin?” —“‘P'm sorry. I... en | (know) 4 Sue isa very quiet person. She very much. (talk) 8. Andy) eennnnennnnnnenenen @ LOt OF tea. It’s his favourite drink. (drink) © [es not true! 1 esos C2 (believe) 7 That's a very beautifill picture. I s it very much. (like) 8 Mark is a vegetarian. He... = vanvon Meat. (Cat) 23question do Study the word order: do/does + subject + infinitive Do | you work | on Sundays? Do | your friends | live near here? Does | Chris play | tennis? Where | do | your parents | live? How often | do | you wash | your hair? What | does | this word mean? How much | does | it cost _| to fly to Rome? Questions with always/usually/ofien: Do | you | always breakfast? Does | Chris | often you? What | do | you | usually at weekends? ‘What do yon do? = What's your job? 0 ‘What do you do” ‘T work in a bank! Remember: do I/we/you/they ... | Do they like music? does he/she/it ... 11 Does he like music? ‘Short answers I/we/you/they do. No, Lmedvou/they_ don't. lo, he/she/it does. he/she/it doesn’t. ‘Do you play tennis?” ‘No, I don't. ‘Do your parents speak English?” “Yes, they do.’ ‘Does Gary work hard? ‘Yes, he does.” “Does your sister live in London’ “No, she doesn’t.” |‘ dofwork/like ete. > Unit 5 I don't... (negative) = Unit 6 questions > Units 44-47Exercises Unit 7 m1 72 7.3 74 Write questions with Do ... ? and Does 1 like chocolate. How about you? Do. ypu. like. chocolate. I play tennis. How about you? you 2 You live near here. How about Lucy? Lucy Tom plays tennis. How sbout his friends? You speak English. How about your brother? -eeco0-we-wvwennnenesnenntee 1 do yoga every morning. How about you? Sue often goes away. How about Paul? T want to be famous. How about you? a ‘You work hard, How about Anna? see a waounueene Make questions from these words + do/does. Put the words in the right order. 1 (where / five / your parents) Where do your parents. live. 2 (you / early / always / get up) a QO.,YOU..abmOys. get UP. early. a 3 (how often / TV / you / watch) a 4 (you / want / what / for dinner) = 5 (like / you / football) 6 (your brother / like / football) 7 (what / you / do / in your free time) a 8 (your sister / work / where) 9 (to the cinema / offen / you / go) 10 (what / mean / this word) Fe 11 (offen / snow / it / here) 12 (go / usually / to bed / what time / you) 13 (how much / t phone New York / it / cost) a - ~ a 14 (you / for breakfast / awe / usually / what) Complete the questions. Use these verbs: £ de do enjoy ~— go. like start. teach ~— work. 3 N\ 1 What ..¢0 you do ? I work in a bookshop. 2: it?) | ts OK 3] What time... --ww-wwew in the morning? | | At 9 o'clock. 4 7 a on Saturdays? | } Sometimes. 5 How to work? | | Usually by bus. 6 | And your husband. What ... He a teacher. i What cnt Science. 8 conn his job?) \ Yes, he loves it. Write short answers (Yes, he does. / No, | don't. etc.). 1 Do you watch TV a lot? No, I don't. or Yess, do. 2 Do you live in a big city? . 3 Do you offen ride a bicycle? = 4 Does it rain a lot where you live? a 5 Do you play the piano? _ ces —* Additional exercises 4-7 (pages 253-54) 25| am doing (present continuous) and 1 do (present simple) Jack is watching television. He is not playing the guitar But Jack has a guitar. He often plays it and he plays very well Jock plays the guites, but he is not playing the guitar now. Is he playing the guitar? No, he isn’t. (present contirmous) Does he play the guitar? Yes, he does. ——_(present simple) Present continuous (I am doing) = now, at the time of speaking: Pm doing pest ‘now “fate 0 Please be quiet. P’'m working. (not | work) “Tom is having a shower at the moment. (riot Tom has), G Take an umbrella with you. It’s raining. Gi You can turn off the television. T’m not watching it. 1D Why are yon under the table? What are you doing? Present sinuple (L do) n general, all the time or sometimes: Ido past now © Lwork every day from 9 o'clock to 5.30. 0 Tom has a shower every morning. 0 It rains a lot in winter. 1 don’t wateh television very offen. 1 What do you usually do at the weekend? future We do riot use these verbs in the present continuous (1am ~ing): like love want know understand remember —_ depend prefer hate need mean _ believe forget Use only the present simple with these verbs (I want / do you like? etc.): 1 E'm tired. { want to go home. (not I'm wanting) 1 ‘Do you know that gil?” “Yes, but | don’t remember her name’ 0 1 don't understand, What do you mean? present continuous —> present simple —* Units 5-7 present for the futureExercises Unit 8 8.1 82 Answer the questions about the pictures. Does he tke photographs? ..Ye6...he. does. | Is she driving a bus? Ishe taking a photograph? _.No,_he isn’t. | Does she drive a bus? ‘What is he doing? What is she doing? He's having a. bath. Does he clean windows? on Are they teaching? Is he cleaning a window? » Do they teach? : What is he doing? ‘What do they do? Complete the sentences with amfis/are or do/don't/does/doesn't. 1 Excuse me, ... 4° you speak English? 2 ‘Where's Kate?” ‘I know! 3. What's fanny? Why Units 11-12 have breakfast / have a shower ete. + Unit 58 — somefany —> Unit 76Exercises Unit 9 ss — Additional exercises 5-7 (page 254) Write the short form with got (we've got / he hasn't got etc). 1 we have got _.WeVve got. 3. they have got F 5 it has got — 2 he has GOt anne 4 She haS NOE GOL anne 6 Thave not got Read the questions and answers. Then write sentences about Mark. 1 Have you got a ca (No. He hasn't got. a. car. 2) Have you got a computer? | | Yes. He 3] Have you got a dog? | | No. 4 | Have you got a mobile phone? | | No. —_ = 5 Have you gor a watch? | | Yes. © | Have you got any brothers or | | Yes, two brothers sisters? and a sister. ae What about you? Write sentences with I've got or I haven't got. 7 (@ computer) — 8 (@ dog) ~ 9 (a bike) a 10 (brothers/sisters) o Write these sentences with got (I've got / have you got etc). The meaning is the same. 1 They have two children. They've, gob, two Milder. 2. She doesn't have a key. ‘She. hasn't. gota. key. 3 He has anew job. ~ - 4 They don't have much money. - es 5 Do you have an umbrella? _ 6 We have a lot of work to do. a 7 I don't have your phone number. 7 = 8 Does your father have a cat? 9 How much money do we have? ona Write have got (‘ve got), has got ('s got), haven't got or hasn't got. 1 Sarah .... hasn't got a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle. 2 They like animals, They .ve..gob three dogs and two cats. 3 Charles isn’t happy. He a lot of problems. 4 They don't read much. They - many books. 3 ‘What's wrong? To something in my eye? 6 ‘Where's my pen?” ‘I. don't know. T eas 7 Julia wants to go to the concert, but she a ticker. Complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven't/hasn’t got with: a lot of friends four wheels -aheadache six legs garden. much time a key 1 I'm not feeling well. 1. ve. got. headache. 2 Its a nice house, but it... hasn't, got. a garden. 3 Most 808 nner A Sneehatty Maat = 5 [can’t open the door. I _ 6 An insect = 7 We must hurry, We. a30 was/were last night now amis (present) —> was (past): Now Robert is at work. At midnight last night he wasn’t at work, He was in bed. He was asleep. 1D Lam tired. (now) L was tired last night 10 Where is Kate? (now) Where was Kate yesterday? 1 The weather is good today. ‘The weather was good last week. are (present) —* were (past): You are late. (now) You were late yesterday. O They arent here. (now) ‘They weren’t here last Sunday. positive regative question i 1| be | was he | was not she, |] she } (wasn’t) we | were not yas | wwone| | yom | Mere BO they pfetens| crerent) 1 Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now. 10 When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs. 1 We were hungry after the journey, but we weren't tired 1 The hotel was comfortable, but it wasn’t expensive. 1 Was the weather nice when you were on holiday? © Your shoes are nice. Were they expensive? 1 Why were you late this morning? ‘Short answers Whe/she/it_was. we/you/they were. | 11 ‘Were you late” ‘No, I wasn’t.’ 1 Was Ted at work yesterday?” “Yes, he was.” 1 ‘Were Sue and Steve at the party? ‘No, they weren't.’ |__Vhe/she/it wasn’t No Kare | we/you/they weren’t. Yes, anyisfare -> Units 1-2 twas doing -> Unit 13Exercises Unit 10 10.1 302 103 104 Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? fi /3 = @ a | = | is x | A f° mw m cary Jack Kare] SUE ar AnD Ms tut BEN 1 Gary was in bed. 4 2 Jack and Kate = 3 Sue. E oe. 6 And you? 1 Write am/isfare (present) or was/were (past). 1 Last year she ...1902.. 22, 90 she {9 23 now. 2 Today the weather... nice, but yesterday it very cold. 31 hungry. Can T have something to eat? 4 feel fine this morning, but 1 very tired last night. 5 Where you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning? 6 Don't buy those shoes. They ........ very expensive. 7 Tike your new jacket. it expensive? 8 This time last year I in Paris. 9 Where... the children?” ‘I don’t know. They here a few minutes ago? Write was/were or wasn't/weret 1 We weren't happy with the hotel. Qur room 48... very small and it sn". clean, 2 Mark at work last week because he ill. He’ better now. 3 Yesterday a public holiday, so the banks closed. They're open today. 4‘ eemee Kate and Bill at the party?’ ‘Kate there, but Bill : 5 ‘Where are my keys?” ‘I don’t know. They on the table, but they're not there now! 6 Yon at home last night. Whe you? Write questions from these words + was/were. Put the words in the right order. st 1 (late / you / this morning / why?) Why! were, you late ris moming? 2| (ifficult / your exam?) js ‘The traffic was bad. No, it was easy 3.| (ast week / where / Sue and Chris?) They were on holiday, 4. (your new camera / how much?) = |» sixty pounds. 5| (angry / you / yesterday / why?) I> Because you were hate. 6] (nice / the weather / last week?) it was beautiful. 31They watch television every evening | (present simple) ‘They watched television yesterday evening. (past simple) watched 1s the past simple: T/we/yous/they he/she/it ‘watched, The past simple is often ~ed (regular verbs). For example: work + worked dance - danced clean ~» cleaned stay ~7 stayed start —> started need — needed J clean my teeth every morning. This morning I cleaned my teeth, 10 Terry worked in a bank fiom 1996 to 2003. 1 Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime. 10 We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. The party finished at midnight. Spelling (> Appendix 5): ty 3 tried study studied copy > copied stop > stopped plan — planned Some verbs ate inegular (= not regular). The past simple is of ~ed, Here are some important irregular verbs (see also Appendix 2-3): begin > began | fall — fell | leave — left sell — sold break broke | find found | lose —_ lost sit sat bring brought | fly flew | mike made sleep slept build — built forget forgot | meet met speak spoke buy bought | get got pay paid stand stood catch caught | give gave | put ~—put take took come came — | go went | real read (iod)*) tll told do did have had | ring rang think thought drink drank hear heard | say said win won cat ate know knew | see saw write wrote * pronounced ‘red OT usually get up early, but this morning 1 got up at 9 o'clock. 1 We did a lot of work yesterday. (C Caroline went to the cinema three times last week, 1D James came intw the 100m, took of his coat and sat down. was/were — Unit 101 didn’t { Did you ... ? (negative and questions) > Unit 12 ago —> Unit 19Exercises Unit 11 711 Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box. clean die enjoy finish happen open rain. start stay want 1 1deaned. _ my teeth three times yesterday. 2 It was hot in the room, so I... the window. 3 The film was very long. It at 7.15 and at 10 o'dock 4 When Iwas a child, 1 to be a doctor. 5 The accident last Sunday afternoon. © Its a mice day today, but yesterday It nooner all day. 7 We cour holiday last year. We at a very nice place. 8 Anna’s grandfather when he was 90 years old. 412 Write the past simple of these verbs. 1 get 9b 4 pay 7 go 10 know 2 see 5 visit 3 8 think 11 put 3 play 6 Buysse 9 copy aes 12 speak .. 9/2 Read about Lisa's journey to Madrid, Put the verbs in the correct form. egies I Last'Tnesday Lisa a) flew _ from London to Madrid. She @) fly, get up at 6 o'clock in the morning and @) a cup of coffee. At 6.30 have she @ ——.. home and 6) to the airport, When she leave, drive © there, she (7) the car, to the airport ‘get, park, walk building, and © in. Then she (10) breakfast at a café check, have and (1)... for her flight. The plane (12)... om time and wait, depart 13) in Madrid two hours later. Finally she (1 artive, take a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid. 1/4 Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc.). James always goes to work by car. Yesterday ...he.went, to. work, bu. car. ' Rachel often loses her keys. She last week. Kate meets her friends every evening, She = nen yesterday evening. T usually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday 1. We often go to the cinema at weekends. Last Sunday we =~ >_> 6 cat an orange every day. Yesterday I 7 Tom always has a shower in the mornin, 8 Our friends often come to sec us. They wun ‘This morning he 11.5 Write sentences about what you did yesterday. 1 Lwent to. the. theatre. ey Z Z 2 7 DB cen a . _— _ 6 sal =e — Additional exercise 10 (page 256) 33‘We use did in past simple negatives and questions: infinive positive niggaive question play 1| played 1 play 1 | play? start we | started we start we | stare? warch | | you | watched you | watch you | watch? have they | had they a not} have did | they | have? see he | saw he | (idn"®) | see he | see? do she | did she do she | do? £0 it went it g0 it | go? do/does (present) > did (past): 1 I don’t watch television very often. I didn’t watch television yesterday. 5 Does she often go away? Did she go away last week? We use did/didn’t + infinitive (watch /play/go etc): Twatched but [didn’t watch (not I didn’t watched) they went > did they go? (not did they went?) he had he didn’t have you did did you do? 1 I played tennis yesterday, but I didn’t win. 1 ‘Did you do the shopping? ‘No, I didn’t have time? 10 We went to the cinema, but we didn’t enjoy the film. Smidy the word order in questions: did + subject + infinitive Did | your sister | phone | you? Whar | did | you do last night? Flow | did | the accident | happen? Where | did | your parents | go for their holiday? Short answers Twe/you/they | 4. I/we/you/they | 4.4, Yes | nevshesie | N*| | NO] he/shevic | Ame 1 "Did you see Joe yesterday?” ‘No, I didn’t.” 1 ‘Did ie rain on Sunday?” “Yes, it di 10 “Did Helen come to the party?" "No, she didn’t. 0 ‘Did your parents have a good holiday?” ‘Yes, they did.” worked/got{went etc. (past simple) —> Unit 11Exercises m1 Unit 12 Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative. 1 2 3 4 3 I saw Barbara, but | didy’t. see. Jane. They worked on Monday, but they... ‘We went to the post office, but we She had a pen, but she Jack did French at school, but he Write questions with Did ... ? _— on Tuesday. - to the bank. 1 I watched TV last night. How about you? ...Did. you watch. TV last. night. ? 2 T enjoyed the party. How about you? — — = 3 Thad a good holiday. How about you? 2 4 | finished work early, How about you? a E . ? 5 I slept well last night. How about you? ———— nl What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences. 1 Gwatch TV) Nwwatehed TV. or A didn’t waten TV. i De op before 7 o'dock) 1 - . © Save a shower) © (boy a magazine) ie 5 (cat meat) a = -* © (go to bed before 10.30) — Write B's questions. Use: arrive cost go gotobed late happen havea nice time stay. win 1 A: We went to New York last month, 5 a: We came home by taxi. B: Where ...did you, stay 2] w: How much > A: With some friends. a: Ten pounds 2 A: L was late for the meeting. 6 &: I'm tired this morning. b: What time ——. bh: i ? A: Half past nine, A: No, but I didn’t sleep very well. 3 A: I played tennis this afternoon. 7 A: We went to the beach yesterday. z A 2 ‘A: No, | lost. Az Yes, it was great, 4 a: [had a nice holiday, 8 a: The window is broken. ®: Good. Where cen? |B: How .. c ? A: To the mountains. A: T don’t know, Put the verb in the correct form ~ positive, negative or question. it eB 4 3 6 8 ‘We went to the cinema, but the film wasn’t very good. We... did't. enjoy... it. (enjoy) Dian _... some new clothes yesterday — two shirts, a jacket and a pullover. (buy) Sie cones yesterday? — No, it was a nice day’ (rain) Wee were tired, 80 We neve enn Jong at the party. (stay) Te was very warm in the room, so I. awindow. (open) ‘Did you phone Chris this morning?” ‘No. T time? (have) ‘Tout my hand this morning? ‘How —... that?" (do) ‘Why weren't you at the meeting yesterday?” _— Additional exercises 10-13 (page 256) ahout it? (know) 35It is 6 o'clock now. Paul is at home. He is watching television. At 4 o'clock be wasn’t at home. He was at the sports club. He was swimming in the pool. He wasn’t watching television. JZ 415 : ‘ a he finished he started he was swimming eaicing swimming AS eS Sy EA ay ZS, sen ee was/were + ~ing is the past continuous: positive negative question £ t r he doing he | was not | doing he | doing? was che | “5 | watching she | (wasn’t) | watching she | watching? it playing it playing it | playing? a swimming | [ef | sximming we | svimming? you | were | Bing a ot | Tiving were | you | ving? - Jo" | Gweren’) . they etc. | | they etc ey ete. 1 What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working? 0 ‘What did he say?” ‘I don’t know. I wasn’t listening’ 1 It was raining, so we didn't go out. 1 In 2001 we were living in Canada, 1 Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing trousers. I woke up eatly yesterday. It was a beautifil morning. The sun was shining and the birds were singing. Spelling (live — living / run > running / lie > lying etc.) + Appendix 5 am/is/are + -ing, (present) > was/were + -ing (past): present past 0 P'm working (now). UL was working at 10.30 last night. 0 It isn’t raining (now). 1 It wasn’t raining when we went out. 1 What are you doing (now)? |G What were you doing at three o'clock? was/were—> Unit 10 1 was doing and I did (past continuous and simple) > Unit 14ercises Unit 13 nS B34 Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? And what were they doing? Write two sentences for each picture. gt iB]? pa “is oa RACHEL JACK KATE 1M TRACEY (MR AND MRS HALL ome at the cinema | in his car atthe station in the park catch TV watch a film drive wait for a train | walk Rachel was at home. She was watching TV. 2 Jack and Kate = .. They 3 3 Tim... = " -. Bi Sarah did a lot of things yesterday morning. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 710-725 [7.30-8.10 ]830-9.00 ] 1 Ar8.45 ...she. was washing her car. 2 At 10.45 she Seg” 3 Ar 8 o'clock ... =D 9.20— 10.00, | 10.15 — 11.45 | 12.00 - 12.45 4 At 12.10 5 ACTS .. 6 At 9.30 Complete the questions. Use was/were ~ing. Use what/where/why if necessary. y\ (Ct 1 (Gourlivey Where were you ling — in 19992 In London, 2{ (yousdo) - at 2 o'clock? 1 was asleep. 3) Guan) when you got up? No, it was sunny, 4 | Suc/drive) so fast? Because she was hate 5 \ Cim/vear) - = a suit yesterday? No, a T-shirt and jeans, Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write positive or negative sentences. Joe 1 (wear /ajacker) He wasn’t wearing a. jacket. 2 (carry / a hag) 3 (go / to the dentist) - all 4 (eat / an ice-cream) + “4 5 (carry / an umbrella) cannon 6 (go / home) = A et ne . 8 (ride / a bieycle) i1 was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple) Jack was reading The phone rang: He stopped reading. He answered the a book, phone. What happened? The phone rang. (past simple) in en om Ne ‘What did he do when the phone rang? ome He stopped reading and answered the phone, | @# simple) Jack began reading before the phone rang, So when the phone rang, he was reading. he started the phone he stopped he answered reading sg weeding the phone he was reading past simple past continuous © A: What did you do yesterday morning? B: We played tennis. (fiom 10 to 11.30) start finish 10 o'clock 11.30 } i t | a wwe played complete action © Jack read a book yesterday. (= from beginning to end) 1 Did you watch the film on television last night? 1 It didn’t rain while we were on holiday. CA: What were you doing at 10.30? 1: We were playing tennis. start 10 o’clock a ee ae we were playing unfinished action 1 Jack was reading a book when the phone rang. O Were you watching television when 1 phoned you? C1 It wasn’t raining when [ got up. I started work at 9 o'clock and finished at 4.30, At 2.30 I was working, 1 Te was raining when we went out. (= it started raining before we went ont) CI saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They were waiting at the bus stop. 0 Kelly fell asleep while she was reading. 1 did (past simple) > Units 11-12 1 was doing (past continuous) > Unit 13 while —> Unit 105Exercises 41 1 ta B: 3a Tt ze 10 : How fast RRR Re = What —.were, you doing... (you/do) when, Twas, watching (watch) television. Was Jane busy when you went co see her? Yes, she = (study). ‘What time (come) while 1 Was Tracey at work today? No, she 7 (stop) you? I'm not sure, but 1 —- (your team : The weather was very bad, so we — Additional exercises 14-15 (pages 257-58) (not/go) to worl (you/dris Unit 14 Look at the pictures. Put the verbs in the correct form, past continuous or past simple. broke. (break) her arm last week. - (happen) when Lucy It she (paint) her room. She (ell) off the ladder. ‘The train. (arrive) at the station and Paula e (get) off. Two friends of hers, Jon and Rachel, (wait) to meet her. Yesterday Sue (walk) along the road when she (meet) James, He ecu ennennereninnnennnen (GO) to the station to catch a train and he (carry) a bag. ey, (stop) to talk for a few minutes. Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple. the phone ...14"9__ (ring)? (the post / arrive) this morning? (have) breakfast. She was ill ) when the police (not/drive) very fast. / win) the football match yesterday? (not/play). 2 How (you/break) the window? We (play) football. 1 (kick) the ball snd pgp (hit) the window. a _. (you/see) Jenny last night? Yes, she . (wear) a very nice jacket. What (you/do) at 2 o'clock this morning? T was asleep. 1 —— (ose) my key last night. How (you/get) into your room? 1 (climb) in through a window.| have done (present perfect 1) He has cleaned his shoes. © his shoes are clean new) ‘They are at home. They are going out. They have gone out. they are not at home now) hhas cleaned / have gone ctc.is the present perfect (have + past participle) I cleaned 1 | cleaned? we | have (ve) finished have | °* | finishea? etree you | have not (haven’t) | started you | started? they | lost __| they | lost? / he | has (s) done | he | done? | she | has not (hasn’t) | been has | she | been? tiger sets it gone | it | gone? | - fi ! ‘past participle Regular verbs. The past participle is ~ed (the same as the past simple): clean — [have cleaned finish — we have finished start ~» she has started Inegular verbs: The past participle is not ~ed. Somietimes the past simple and past participle are the same: buy > I bought / Ihave bought have + he had / he has had Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different: break > 1 broke / Ihave broken see you saw / you have seen fall > it Cell / ic has fallen yo = they went / they hive gone ‘We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now: C1 Pve lost my passport. (= I can't find my passport now) C1 ‘Wheres Rebecca?” ‘She's gone to bed’ (= she is in bed not) C1 We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now) 17 Ie Rachel’ birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present. (= I don't have a present for her now) ‘Bob is away on holiday? ‘Oh, where has he gone?” 1 Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it? where is he now?) do you need it now?) 40 present perfect -> Units 16-19 present perfect and past simple -> Unit 20 irregular verbs —> Unit 24, Append}Exercises Unit 15 15.1 Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from the box. go to bed -clean-his shoes stop taining close the door fall down have a shower before now 1 w y >» & __He has, deaned, his, shoes, 2 a 2° o She lo 2 3 a Se They 7 It sy He = “4 ay The a Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. break buy decide—_finish. forget gogo invite read see not/sce take tell not/tell ‘Can 1 have a look at your newspaper?” ‘Yes, Ve. firished__ with it? 1 25 a Some new shoes. Do you want to see them? 3 ‘Where is Liz?” ‘She's not here. She out! 4 I'm looking for Paula. you her? 3 Look! Somebody that window. 6 ‘Does Lisa know that you're going away?” “Yes,] her? 7 I can‘ find my umbrella. Somebody ie 8 ‘Where are my glasses?” ‘I don't know. 1 them? 9 P'm looking for Sarah. Where Bee ie a au? 10 I know that woman, but I a ame. 11 Sue is having a party tonight. She —... . 4 lot of people. 12 What are you going to do? you ? 13 a: Does Bill know about the meeting tomorrow? b: don't think so. T him. 14 ‘Do you want this magazine?” “NOT soo. it, thanks! 4I've just... I've already ... | Thaven't ... yet (present perfect 2) T've just . just = a short time ago 1A: Are Diane and Paul here? Br Yes, they've just arrived. DA: Are you hungry? 8: No, Pve just had dinner. DA: Is'Tom here? 8: No, I'm afiaid he’s just gone. (© he has just gone) Pve already already = before you expected / before I expected A: What time are Diane and Paul coming? b: They've already arrived. (= before you expected) It’s only 9 o'clock and Anna has already gone to bed. (= before I expected) Da: Jon, this is Emma. : Yes, know. We've already met. Thaven’t ... yet / Have you ... yet? yet = until now ‘We use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end. yet in negative sentences (I havent ... yet) Da: Are Diane and Paul here? B: No, they haven’t arrived yet. (but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon) DA: Does James know that you're going away? #: No, T haven't told him yet. (but B is going to tell him soon) D Silvia has bought a new dress, but she hasn’t worn it yet. The film hasn’t started yet. Oh, Ws vice. Hawt you worn it yet? yet in questions (Have you ... yet?) CA: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? B: No, not yet. We're still waiting for them, Has Nicole started her new job yet? > im : No, she starts next we Na Perna H v: Oh, its nice, Have you worn it yet? We 42 present perfect Units 15, 17-20 word order —> Unit 94 sill, yet and already —> Unit 95ercises Unit 16 5S) Write a sentence with just for each picture. Fase a 1 ...Theylve.,just arrived. 2 He a 3 They orn coe 4 The race 152 Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect. N 1 ‘What time is Paul arriving? _He’s already arrived. 2. Do your fiends want to see the film? NO, they ener fy 3 Don't forget to phone Tom. 1 4 ‘When is Martin going away? es SS = 5.| Do you want to read the newspaper? I = © \ When does Sarah start her new job? She 463 Write a sentence with just (They've just ... / She's just ... etc.) or a negative sentence with yet (They haven't ... yet / She hasn't ... yet etc.). 1 a few minues now | 2a few minstes / now | 3. a few minites / ow "BB ago ago og eee Ss (she / go / out) (the bus / go) (the train / leave) ‘She hasn't. ond out. yet. | The bus 6 a few minutes ow ago (he / open / it) y (it / stop / raining) 754 Write questions with yet. 1 Your friend has got new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her: Have You started your new job yete 2 Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them. You ask him: yr 3. Your friend must pay her phone bill. Perhaps she has paid it. You ask her: 4 Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it. You ask a friend about Torn 43Have you ever (present perfect 3) Yes, | have. Many times. falsely ! bbeen to Japan? We use the present perfect (have been / have had / have played etc.) when we talk about a time from the past until now — for example, a person's life: Have you ever been to Japan? time frown the past until new. past now (0 ‘Have you been to France?” “No, I haven’t” © I’ve been to Canada, but I haven’t been to the United States. (D Mary is an interesting person, She has had many different jobs and has fived in many places. © I’ve seen that woman before, but T can't remember where. (© How many times has Brazil won the World Cup? 1 ‘Have you read this book?’ ‘Yes, Pve read it twice’ (twice = two times) present perfect + ever (in questions) and never: D ‘Has Ann ever been to Australia?” "Yes, once’ (once = one time) 5 ‘Have you ever played golf!” ‘Yes, play a lot! 1 My sister has never travelled by plane 2 I’ve never ridden a horse. 0 ‘Who is that man?” ‘T don’t know. I’ve never seen him before? gone and been two weeks later Where's Bil? ah ? Ye ‘s oon holiday. ve been to Spain. Bill has gone to Spain. Bill has been to Spain. (= he is in Spain now) (& he went to Spain, but now he is back) Compare: 1 I can't find Susan. Where has she gone? (= where is she now?) 1 Ch, hello Susan! 1 was looking for you. Where have you been? present perfect > Units 15-16, 18 present perfect and past simple —> Unit 20ises are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever ... ? “Wete the questions. Rondon?) Have. you ever been to London? 2 phy / golf) Have you ever played golf? > Australia?) Have a : ‘dese / your passport?) 2y / ina helicopter?) ‘sin / a race?) “New York?) rive / a bus?) (break / your leg?) No, never. ‘Yes, many times, ‘Yes, once, No, never. ‘Yes, a few times. No, never. ‘Yes, twice, No, never. Yes, once. ee em ‘Werte sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17-1.) | New York)... She's been, to, New York tnice,. = Australis) She . . B bwin / race) s : a BB By / in a helicopter) — ‘Sew write about yourself. How often have you done these things? eisew York) T______ © ‘play / ennis) > Give /a lorry) be / late for work or school) Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done? theve be allover the world a lot of interesting things do write | | many-differenejebs a lot of interesting people travel_meet | | ten books married three times Mary She has had many different jobs. eee She I Aue Write gone or been. { Bill is on holiday at the moment. He's .99P€ __ to Spain. 2 ‘Where's Jane?" ‘She’ not here. I think she’s to the bank 3 Hello, Sue. Where have you 2 Have you to the bank? “Have you ever to Mexico?” ‘No, never’ 5 My parents aren't at home at the moment. They've 6 There’s a new restaurant in town. Have you i 7 Rebecca knows Paris well. She's owe there many times. 8. Helen was here earlier, but I think she's now. — Aaditional exercises 16, 18 (pages 258-59, 260) 45How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4) How tong have you Jane is on holiday in Ireland. She is there now. She arrived in Ireland on Monday. 7 oe Today is Thursday. Yi Ey 4 How long has she been in Ireland? * S since Monday, She has been in telana{ nes Monday. Compare is and has been: She isin Ireland is = present now. She has been in [ielendl | snoanaa has been = present perfec 2 for three days, Monday now Thuusday ——— present simple present perfec simple (have been / have lived / have known etc) Dan and Kate are married. ‘They have been married for five years. (uot'They are married tor fave years.) Are you married? How long have you been married? (nor How long are you married?) Do you know Lise? How long have you known her? (not How long do you know her?) T know Lisa, Dve known her for a long time. (not [ know her for ...) Vicky lives in London. How long has she lived in London? She has lived there all her life. Thave a car. How long have you had your car? D've had it since April. present continuous present perfec continuous (have been + ing) Pm learning German. How long have you been learning German? (not How long are you learning German?) Pye been learning German for two years. watching TV. How long has he been watching TV? He’s been (= He has been) watching TV since 5 o’clock. Its raining. Its been (= It has been) raining all day. Davi for and since —» Uni 04ises Unit 18 ‘Gemplete these sentences. + fbne is in Ireland, She ....04s.,been._. in Ireland since Monday: 2 Thnow Lisa, 1 ..have known her for « long time. © Sarah and Andy are married. They ES married since 1999. = Brian is il. He ill for the last few days. > We live in Scote Road, We ——_- _.... there for a long time, © Catherine works in a bank. in a bank for five years. > Alan has a headache, He a headache since he got up this morning. © Yum learning English, T oeennenneens English for six months. ‘eke questions with How long ... ? y 1f Jancis on holiday. »; How long has she been on holiday, Scort and Judy are in Brazil. How long, Sa ll T know Amy. How long... you Diana is learning Italian. oi My brother lives in Canada. = 6 V'm a teacher. It is raining. / - = Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with: for ten minutes all day all her life ee since he was 20 since Sunday 1 They have been married. for ten years. =i 2 She = —-= — 3 They + The sun ae = —— a 5 She .. Eee 6 Hoe cern ___ Which is right? | Mark-lives-/ has lived in Canada since April. (bas lived is right) 2 Jane and I are friends. | know / I've known her very well. 3 Jane and I are friends. Tknow / P've known her for a long time. 8: Sorry I'm late. How long are you waiting/ have you been waiting? B: Not long. Only five minutes 5 Martin works / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his job a lot. © Tuth is reading the newspaper. She is reading / She has been reading it for ewo hours. 7 ‘How long do you live / have you lived in this house?” ‘About ten years’ 8 ‘Is thara new coat?” — ‘No, L have / I’ve had this coat for 2 long time’ 9) Tom is / has been in Spain at the moment. He is / He has been there for the last three days. 47for and since We use for and since to say how long: O Jane is in Ireland. She has been there { for three days. since Monday. We use for + a period of time ‘We use since + the start of the period (three days / two years etc.): (Monday / 9 o’clock ctc:): start of the Monday | Tuesday _| Wednesday | | [.,...., period + pt nou | post now = for since three days ten minutes Monday Wednesday an hour two hours 9 o'clock 12.30 a week four weeks 24 July Christmas a month six months January I was ten years old five years along time 1985 we arrived Richard has been in Canada for six D Richard has been in Canada since months, (not since six months) January. (= from January to now) 1 We've been waiting for two hours. 1 We've been waiting since 9 o'clock. (not since two hows) (© fiom 9 o’dock to now) 1D f've lived in London for a long time. © Eve lived in London sinee I was ten years old, ago ago = before now: 1D Susan started her new job three weeks ago. (- 1 ‘When did’Tom go out?” “Ten minutes ago? 10 Thad dinner an hour ago. 1D Life was very different a hundred years ago. ‘We use ago with the past (started/did/had/was etc). Compare ago and for: D When did Jane arrive in Ireland? She arrived in Ireland three days ago. © How long has she been in Ireland? ‘She has been in Ireland for three days. three weeks before now) ten minutes before now) present perfect + forfsinee -+ Unit 18 fromuntisinceffor —+ Unit 104 for and during -> Unit 1085 xercises Unit 19 Write for or since. 1 Jane has been in Ireland .... $in€2.... Monday. 2 Jane has been in Ireland .... f0¢.... three days. 3: My aunt has lived in Australia ~ 15 years. 4 Jennifer is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock. 5 India has been an independent country 1947, 6 ‘The bus is late. We've been waiting 20 minutes. 7 Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years. 8 Michael has been ill oom long time. He has been in hospital October. Answer these questions. Use ago. 1 When was your last meal? _. Thee, hours_ag0. 2 When was the last time you were ill? = 3 When did you last go to the cinema? = — 4 When was the Inst time you were in @ €or When was the last time you went on holiday? —... Complete the sentences. Use for or ago with these words. SS 1 Jane arrived in Ireland .... three, days_ago. 7 (thred days) 2 Jane has been in Ireland ....for_ three, days... (three days) 3 Lynn and Mark have been married. (20 years) + Lynn and Mark got married =e ST e™ (20 yeu) $ Dam artived ce eneen ee ne ee (an hou) © [bought these shoes 7 ovens (@ few days) 7 Silvia has been learning English 2 {ix months) 8 Have you known Lise oa = 2 (@long time) Complete the sentences with for or since. 1 (Jane is in Ireland —she arrived there three days ago) lane has been in Ireland. for three days. 2 (Jack is here ~ he arrived on Tuesday) Jack has ee 3 “(t's raining — it started an hour 20) Tes been oe 4 (know Sue ~ I first met her in 2002) Tve . eoaie im ~ a 5 (Claire and Matthew are married ~ they got married six months ago) Chiire and Matthew have 6 izis studying medicine at university — she started three years 260) Liz has 7 @avid plays the piano — he started when he was seven years old) David has een Write sentences about yourself. Begin your sentences with: T’ve lived ... P've been... I’ve been learning .... F've known aeons + Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 258-60) 49‘With a jinished time (yesterday / last week etc), we use the past (artived/saw/was etc.): past finished time yesterday. last week. at 3 o'clock. in 2002. six months ago. We arrived "yesterday last week — six months ago fusished time past now ‘Do not use the present perfect (have arrived / have done / have been etc.) with a finished time: 0 I saw Paula yesterday. (not I have seen) © Where were you on Sunday afternoon? (vet Where have you been) © We didn’t have a holiday last year. (not We haven't had) © ‘What did you do last night?” ‘I stayed at home? D William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many plays and poems. ‘Use the past to ask When ... ? or What time ... ?: D When did you buy your computer? (not When have you bought?) 1 What time did Andy go out? (ot What time has Andy gone out) Compare: present perfect Ihave lost my key. (=I cant find it now) 0 Ben has gone home. (= he isn’t here now) 1D Have you seen Kate? (E where is she 11042) past 0 Host my key last week. © Ben went home ten minutes ago. 0 Did you see Kate on Saturday? ‘finished time past now © Have you ever been to Spain? (= in your life, until now) 01 My friend is a writer. He has written many books. © The letter hasn’t arrived yet. 1D We've lived in Singapore for six years. (= we live there now) past now 1B Did you go to Spain last year? 1 Shakespeare wrote many plays and poems. 10 The letter didn’t arrive yesterday. 1 We lived in Glasgow for six years, but now we live in Singapore. past simple > Units 11-12 present perfect —> Units 15-18