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welding & NDT

ABOUT ME CONTACT ME PRIVACY POLICY TERMS OF USE & DISCLAIMER WELDING VIDEOS

(NDT) Non Destructive Tests

Development Of Radiography
Film Categories
 October 19, 2017  Sandeep Anand  3 Comments

(NDT) Non Destructive Tests

About radiography films: Acceptance Criteria

ASME Codes and Standards

Heat Input

Hydrotest

P number, F number & A

number (ASME Section IX)

Preheating – How, When & Why


Preparatory Questions For AWS
& CSWIP Exams
 Steel

Thickness range for welder

qualification and procedure
qualification (ASME Section IX)

Types of Welding

Valves

Weld joints – Types and

significance

Weld Map, PQR & WPQ

Welder Performance
Qualification

Welding Defects

Welding Electrodes/filler metal

Welding Positions

Welding Procedure
Specification (WPS)

Welding Processes

Welding Symbols

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How to select welding

electrodes

How To Make Weld Map, Shop

Weld Plan, WPS, PQR & WPQ for
Go Mobile at ₹199. SIGN UP A Static Pressure Vessel (Part-3)

Summary of ASME BPVC Section

VIII Div 1 (Part 4)

Globe Valves – What is a Valve

(Part – 2)
Radiography films are primarily made up of two things; How To Make Weld Map, Shop
1. Base Weld Plan, WPS, PQR & WPQ for
2. Emulsion A Static Pressure Vessel (Part-2)

Base: Base is a transparent, flexible blue tinted object, usually made

from a clear and flexible plastic such as cellulose acetate. It provides Search
physical support to emulsion and does not participate in the image-
forming process. It is not sensitive to radiation, nor can it record an

image.

Emulsion:  Emulsion consists of gelatin which consists of radiation

sensitive silver halide crystals such as silver bromide & Chloride. Recent Comments
Emulsion is coated on both sides of the base in layers about 0.0005
inches thick. Due to the emulsion coating on both sides of the base, the

Prasad on Preheating – How,
When and Why
amount of radiation-sensitive silver halide gets doubled & hence it Jaikanth on Thickness range for
increases the film speed. welder qualification and
procedure qualification (ASME

Development of Section IX)

attiq ur rehman on Welding

radiography films: Defects

eswar on Preparatory
Once a film has been exposed to sufficient amount of radiation, it Questions (Set – 3)
captures the latent image. Now we need to chemically develop the film to
gaurav panwar on Acceptance
convert the captured latent image to a visible image for the purpose of
Criteria for Weld Defects
interpretation. To convert an exposed film (latent image) to an useful
radiograph (visible image), following steps are followed;

1. Development
2. Stop bath
3. Fixing
4. Washing
5. Drying

Development: It is the initial step converting the latent image to a useful

and readable image. Film is exposed to the developer solution. Go Mobile at ₹199. SIGN UP
Developer makes the latent image visible. Main function of developer is
to reducing (or eliminate) the exposed silver bromide crystals to black
metallic silver. Developing the film is multi-step process. The developer
solution contains chemicals comprised of alkali and metol or Archives
hydroquinone mixed with water. Alkali present in the development
solution, penetrates the protective coating and allows the metol to
October 2019
reduce the exposed silver bromide to black metallic oxide.
September 2019
Stop Bath: It is the second step in the processing of films. Function of
May 2019
stop bath is to quickly neutralize any excessive development of silver
crystals. Since over development of the silver crystals may result in a April 2019
radiographic image that is virtually impossible to interpret. This bath is March 2019
comprised of a glacial acetic acid and water.
February 2019

January 2019

December 2018

October 2018

January 2018

December 2017

October 2017

September 2017

August 2017


 Using f/4 Czerny-
Turner design with
concave grating for
spectral dispersion
Its a cost-effective high-performance CCD
based instruments designed for use with a
PC

Visit Site
Go Mobile at ₹199. SIGN UP

Ad

Fixing: Fixing (or fixer) is the third step followed in the development of a
film. Fixer permanently fixes the image on the film. It is due to this
process that the the radiographic image is preserved over a periods of
time.
Fixing (or fixer) is also a multi-step process. The fixer removes any
unexposed silver crystals and then hardens the remaining crystals in the
emulsion.

Washing: Once the film has been properly developed, it is then rinsed in
water to remove all the unwanted chemicals

Drying: Film is then left for drying. After drying, the film is ready for
interpretation.

Interpretation is usually done with the help of a viewer. A viewer is a

small box having sufficient light, upon which the film is kept and
analyzed.

← Radiography Test (RT) Welding Defects →

Sandeep Anand
I am a Mechanical Engineer with more than ten years of
work experience in the field of welding and NDT.

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