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Bearing Standards
Bearing Standards
You can learn a lot about a bearing just from its part number.
A typical bearing is the 6203ZZ bearing. This can be divided into it's components:
6203ZZ
6 = Type Code
2 = Series
03 = Bore
ZZ = Suffix
The method is followed universally
Performance Requirements
The required performance capacity and function demands are defined in accordance with the
bearing application and operating conditions.
Understand the machine and the type of bearing
Define all demand factors
Select shape
Select arrangement
Select dimensions
Select mounting method
Arrangement Selection
Shaft assemblies generally require two bearings to support and locate the shaft both radially
and axially relative to the stationary housing. These two bearings are called the fixed and
floating bearings.
Fixed bearing takes both radial and axial loads and "locates" the shaft axially in relation to the
housing. The floating bearing relieves stress caused by expansion and contraction of the shaft
and also allows for misalignment caused by fitting errors.
Bearings which can support axial loads in both directions are considered most suitable as
fixed bearings. In floating bearings the axial displacement can take place in the raceway or
along the fitting surfaces. There is also the "cross location" arrangement in which both
bearings act as fixing and non-fixing bearings simultaneously. This arrangement is used
mainly in comparatively short shaft applications.
Dimension selection
Bearing dimension selection is based on the operating load and the bearing's life expectancy
requirements.
Design selection
The most suitable bearing design can be selected by comparing bearing functions and
performance demands with the characteristics of each bearing type.
Legend :
A = Excellent
B = Good
C = Satisfactory
F = Poor
NR = Inconvenient or not recommended
- = Not applicable
Axial Disp. Pure Pure High Comp. for Errors Comp. for Errors Location Non-location Axial Disp.
Combined Moment High High Quiet Low
Possible in Radial Axial Running of Alignment of Alignment Bearing Bearing Possible in
Load Load Speed Stiffness Running Friction
Bearing Load load Accuracy During Operation (Initial) Installation Installation Bearing
Ball Single - Row C C C F A A C A A F F B C NR
C Ball Single
C C C C C C C C B NR NR C C NR
Double - Row
Ball Angular
Contact Back - to - B C B C C B B C C NR NR B C NR
Back
Cylindrical Roller
A NR NR C A A A B B NR NR NR A A
Double Row
Full Complement
A C F NR F C A F F F F C C C
Cylinder Roller
Needle Roller B NR NR NR C C B C F NR NR NR A A
Spherical Roller A C A NR C C B C C A B B C NR
Taper Roller B B A NR C B B C C F F B NR NR
Taper Roller
A B A F C C A C C F F A C NR
( Face - to - Face)
Thrust Ball NR C NR NR C B C F C NR NR C NR NR
Thrust Cylinder
NR B NR NR F B B F F NR NR C NR NR
Roller
Thrust Needle
NR B NR NR F C B F F NR NR C NR NR
Roller
Thrust Spherical
NR A C NR C C B F C A B B NR NR
Roller
Spindle bore
The bearings based on such criteria often exhibit extremely long life.
Application of Bearings
Bearings permit smooth, low-friction movement between surfaces. This movement may be
They are anti-friction devices, having different anti-friction characteristics. Most of the bearings are oil-lubricated.
Application Guidelines
Ball bearings are the less expensive in the smaller sizes and for lighter loads, while roller bearings are less expensive for larger sizes and
heavier loads.
Roller bearings are preferred for shock or impact loading.
Self-aligning ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings with low friction coefficients.
Speed requirements are important factors for proper bearing application design. Useable speeds are influenced by bearing size, properties, lubrication and
operating temperatures. The permissible speed varies inversely with mean bearing diameter. Moreover bearings are generally used for applications that
have no impact or shock. Bushings are used for applications that feature more shock
Bearing Arrangement
Bearing Preload
Bearing Seals
The bearing that locates the shaft is called the fixed bearing. The other bearing is free to float on either the shaft or housing seat. For shorter spans
variations in shaft length, due to temperature, are usually negligible and such situations may be dealt with differently as proper adjustment of the bearings
are necessary.
To mount a free bearing, it must be ensured that there is sufficient axial clearance at the side where the bearing is expected to move. The bearing is usually
centered on the seating. In case the induction heater is used, no residual magnetism must remains in the inner ring
Axial Adjustment, it is important to ensure proper seating of the rolling elements so as not to introduce an error in the final adjustment. Rotating the shaft
during adjustment simultaneously pushing and pulling it insures proper seating of the rolling elements.
Bearing Preload
Preload is the relationship of the bearing bore to the shaft diameter and bearing clearance. The formula for preload calculation is:
Preload in other words is the load generated from the axial interference within a bearing resulting in elastic deformation between rolling elements and the
raceway. It is the axial load applied permanently to bearings to ensure proper operation under external load.
Rigid preload involves a gap between the faces of opposite bearings that is eliminated when bearings are locked axially. It may change due to thermal
expansion.
Elastic preload, expansion is compensated for by the springs. Bearing preload variation is minimal in this case. Bearing preload influences speed limits,
rigidity and other applicable workloads.