A

PROJECT REPORT
ON
UREA PROUDCTION
DEPARTMENT: CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC DAMAN
GUIDED BY: MR. L.V. SOLANKI
PREPARED BY: JANVI PRYIA, SONI
SHARMA, RAHUL TIWARI, LAXMAN
RABARI, BRIJAL
FERTILIZERS: Fertilizers are those substance
which must be added to soil in order to remove
the deficiency of essential element required for
plant growth
The need of fertilizing a land is therefore
three fold.
1. To supplement what has been eaten up by the
plants.
2. To supply then an additional tonic and good
food .so that they may grow more healthy and
produce a better yield
3. To maintain pH of the soil in the range of 7-8.
Fertilizer industry is the major component of
the agricultural chemical industry
Proper application of 1 ton of balanced
fertilizer to soil will produce about 10 ton of
additional food grain
 Urea
Chemical formula: NH2 CO NH2

Urea is an important nitrogenous fertilizer

Its utilization is increasing steadily, it being the preferred nitrogen

fertilizer worldwide Its used in solid fertilizer , liquid fertilizer

,formaldehyde resins and adhesive . Rouelle first discovered urea in

urine in 1773. His discovery was followed by the synthesis of urea from

ammonia and cyanic acid by woehler in 1828 . This is considered to be

the first synthesis of an organic compound from an inorganic

compound. In 1870, bassarow produced urea by heating ammonium

carbamate in a sealed tube in what was the first synthesis of urea by

dehydration. The chemical formula NH2CONH2 indicates that urea

can be considered to be the amide of carbamic acid. NH2CONH2 or the

diamide of carbonic acid co(oh)2 . Fertilizer is generally defined as

‘’any material organic or inorganic , natural or synthesis, which

supplies one or more of chemical element require for the plant growth.

The main aim of the fertilizer industry is the primary and secondary
nutrients which are required in macro quantities. primary nutrients are

normally supplied through chemicals fertilizers. They are chemical

compound containing one or more of the primary nutrient and are

generally produced by chemical compound its most important

ingredient for plant growth it’s the nutrient content the primary

nutrient are nitrogen ,phosphorus and potassium.

Introduction
Urea NH2CONH2 is of great
importance to the agriculture industry
as an industry as an nitrogen – rich
fertilizer. In kapuni, petrochemical
manufacturing ammonia and then
convert the majority of it into urea
.The remainder is solid for industrial
use. Urea is made from ammonia and
carbondioxide. The ammonia and
carbondioxide are fed into the reactor
at high pressure and temperature and
urea is formed into two step reaction.
2NH3 + CO2→NH2CONH2 (ammonium carbamate)
NH2COONH4→H2O+ NH2CONH2 (Urea)
The urea contains unreacted NH3 and CO2 and
carbamate .As the pressure is reduce and heat is
applied the NH2COONH4 decomposes to NH3
and co2. The ammonia and carbondioxide are
recycled. The urea solution is then concentrated
to give 99.6% molten urea and granulated for
use as fertilizer and chemical feedstock
ammonia and urea are two chemical which are
very important to the newzealand economy.
 HISTORY: urea was first
discovered in human urine by H.M
rouelle in 1773 .It was synthesized in 1828
by friedrich Wohler and was the first
organic compound to be synthesized
from inorganic starting material
Properties of urea
Molecular formula: NH2CONH2.
Molecular weight: 60.05
Relative humidity: 60%
critical relative humidity of prills: 80%at
20%
Maximum nitrogen content: 46.6%
Specific gravity :1.335 at 20 degree Celsius
state: solid
odour: all characteristic odour
non luminious
non smoky
inflammable.
List of urea industry;
(1) coromandel fertilizer Vishakhapatnam.
(2) Fertilizer corporation of India
(3) Mangalore chemicals and fertilizer
(4) madras fertilizer (MFL), manali.
(5) Rashtriya chemical and fertilizers.
(6) Southern petrochemical industries
corp.
Manufacturing process of
urea production
1. Snamprogetti ammonia
stripping.
2. Stamicarbon process.
3. Once through urea
process
4. Mitsui toatsu total
cycle urea process.

Selected process for

urea production
(1) Snamprogetti ammonia
stripping
Raw material: ammonia,
carbondioxide.
Chemical reaction:
Co2+2NH3→NH2COONH4
NH2COONH4→H2+NH2CON
H