Diodes - Types of semi conductors - p type & n type, PN junction - V - I characteristics,

forward bias and reverse bias, types of break downs, zener diode- voltage regulation,
problems on zener diode, diode applications- half wave and full wave - center tapped and
bridge rectifiers, rectification efficiency and ripple factor, clippers - series and parallel,
clampers, related problems, voltage multipliers and filters

transistors - basic working of a transistor - CB, CE and CC configurations - Input and

Output characteristic curves, related problems

Digital Electronics - number systems - decimal, binary, octal and hexa decimal, conversions
- binary addition and subtraction, signed representations - sign magnitude form, 1s
compliment, 2s compliment, BCD addition, Logic gates, Universal gates. Implementation of
Boolean expressions using logic gates, SOP and POS representations