Latent heat of evaporation of water 2260 kJ/kgWater

Specific heat of water 4.2 kJ/kg.degC

Ambient temperature 20 °C
Heat energy required to raise temperature of rw materials to 65˚C for drying 189

kgRaw Mix/kgClinker 1.55 Drying 2450 kJ/kgWater

Correct Solution
Raw Material Moisture kgWater/kgClinker Drying kJ/kgClinker

3% 0.047938 0.05 117.4485 117

4% 0.06 158 Wet Material
5% 0.08 200
6% 0.10 242 %Moisture
7% 0.12 286
8% 0.13 330
9% 0.15 376
10% 0.17 422
11% 0.19 469
12% 0.21 518

Michael Clark:
1. In these green cells enter a formula to
calculate the kg of water in the raw
materials per kg of clinker using the raw
mix to clinker factor in cell E2.
Michael Clark:
2. In these green cells enter a
formula to calculate the energy
required to dry the raw materials
using the latent heat of dryiing in
cell G2.
 The dried product must not be multiplied by the %Moisture to
arrive at the amount of water.
Water Vapour
Correct Solution 0.19 The raw material moisture is the percentage of the total.
To determine the wet total from the dried product
must divide the dried product by (1 - %Moisture).
1.741573
Wet Material Dry Material 1 %Moisture = Water/(1.55 + Water) (1.55 + Water) x %Moistur
1.74 1.55 2 %Moisture x (1.55 + Water) = Water
11.00% 3 %Moisture x 1.55 + %Moisture x Water = Water
4 %Moisture x 1.55 = Water - %Moisture x Water
5 %Moisture x 1.55 = Water x (1 - %Moisture)
6 %Moisture x 1.55/(1 - %Moisture) = Water 0.191573
Rearrange 1
Wet (1.55 + Water) = Water/%Moisture
Substitute for Water in right hand side
(1.55 + Water) = (%Moisture x 1.55/(1 - %Moisture)/%Moisture
(1.55 + Water) = 1.55/(1 - %Moisture) 1.741573
(1.55 + Water) x %Moisture = Water

Using 11% Moisture

Using 11% Moisture

 Mill Exhaust
(Preheater Exhaust + Water Vapour)

Preheater Exhaust
Mill
Wet Raw Materials Dried Raw Mix
Chart Title
 kgRaw Mix/kgClinker 1.55 Drying 2450 kJ/kgWater

Mill Exhaust 110

Mill Product 90

kJ/kgClinker
Raw Material Moisture kgWater/kgClinker Drying Mill Product Mill Exhaust

3% 0.05 117 125 195

4% 0.06 158 125 195
5% 0.08 200 125 195
6% 0.10 242 125 195
7% 0.12 286 125 195
8% 0.13 330 125 195
9% 0.15 376 125 195
10% 0.17 422 125 195
11% 0.19 469 125 195
12% 0.21 518 125 195

Specific Heat Kiln Exhaust

Michael Clark: Specific Heat Water Vapour
1. In these green cells enter a formula to
calculate the kg of water in the raw Specific Heat Raw Mix
materials per kg of clinker using the raw
mix to clinker factor in cell E2.

Michael Clark:
2. In these green cells enter a
formula to calculate the energy
required to dry the raw materials
using the latent heat of dryiing in
cell G2.
 Preheater Exhaust 1.81 kgExhaust/kgClinker

°C
Michael Clark:
°C Total Heat Flow = Mass Flow(L2) x Temperature x Specific Heat

kJ/kgClinker Total Heat Flow = Mass Flow(L2) x Temperature x (A(L23) +B(M23) x

Water Vapour Total Preheater Exhaust Total Heat Flow = Mass Flow(L2) x Temperature x A(L23) +
°C Mass Flow(L2) x B(M23) x Temperature x Te
10 448 243 0 = a x Temperature x Temperature + b x Temperature - Total Heat F
13 492 266
17 537 289 Quadratic Equation solution =
20 583 312
24 630 335
28 678 358
31 727 382
35 778 406
39 829 430
43 882 454

A B
kJ/kg.degC 0.95 270.00 0.227055 64.53155
kJ/kg.degC 1.85 163.00
kJ/kg.degC 0.86 423.00

Heat flow = Mass flow (kg/kg clinker) x Temperature x (A + B x Temperature/1000000)

a 0.000489
b 1.7195
c
mperature x Specific Heat

mperature x (A(L23) +B(M23) x Temperature/1000000)

mperature x A(L23) +
) x B(M23) x Temperature x Temperature/1000000

b x Temperature - Total Heat Flow

 kgRaw Mix/kgClinker 1.55 Drying 2450 kJ/kgWater

Mill Exhaust 110

Mill Product 90

kJ/kgClinker
Raw Material Moisture kgWater/kgClinker Drying Mill Product Mill Exhaust

3% 0.05 117 125 195

4% 0.06 158 125 195
5% 0.08 200 125 195
6% 0.10 242 125 195
7% 0.12 286 125 195
8% 0.13 330 125 195
9% 0.15 376 125 195
10% 0.17 422 125 195
11% 0.19 469 125 195
12% 0.21 518 125 195

Specific Heat Kiln Exhaust

Michael Clark: Specific Heat Water Vapour
1. In these green cells enter a formula to
calculate the kg of water in the raw Specific Heat Raw Mix
materials per kg of clinker using the raw Specific Heat Air
mix to clinker factor in cell E2.

Michael Clark:
2. In these green cells enter a
formula to calculate the energy
required to dry the raw materials
using the latent heat of dryiing in
cell G2.
 Preheater Exhaust 1.81 kgExhaust/kgClinker

°C
Michael Clark:
°C 30% Inleaking Air Total Heat Flow = Mass Flow(L2) x Temperature x Spec

kJ/kgClinker Total Heat Flow = Mass Flow(L2) x Temperature x (A(L2

Temperature/1000000)
Water Vapour Inleaking Air Total Preheater Exhaust
°C Total Heat Flow = Mass Flow(L2) x Temperature x A(L23
Mass Flow(L2) x B(M23) x Tem
10 60 507 274
13 60 552 296 0 = a x Temperature x Temperature + b x Temperature
17 60 597 318
Quadratic Equation solution =
20 60 643 341
24 60 690 364
28 60 738 387
31 60 787 410
35 60 838 434
39 60 889 457
43 60 941 482

A B
kJ/kg.degC 0.95 270.00
kJ/kg.degC 1.85 163.00
kJ/kg.degC 0.86 423.00
kJ/kg.degC 0.99 96.23

Heat flow = Mass flow (kg/kg clinker) x Temperature x (A + B x Temperature/1000000)

a 0.000489
b 1.7195
c
Mass Flow(L2) x Temperature x Specific Heat

Mass Flow(L2) x Temperature x (A(L23) +B(M23) x

000)

Mass Flow(L2) x Temperature x A(L23) +

Mass Flow(L2) x B(M23) x Temperature x Temperature/1000000

re x Temperature + b x Temperature - Total Heat Flow

solution =

0.227055 64.53155

Temperature/1000000)