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Mensuration PDF
Mensuration PDF
Definition
Important Formulae
or, h2 = p2 + b2
If AC = 5m, AB = 4m then
= 25 – 16 = 9
BC = 3m
equal to 90˚.
AD = BC; breadth b = 3m
= 2(l + b)
= 2(4 + 3) = 14 m
= 12 m2
3. Length of a rectangle : = = =4m
=√ =√
=√ =√ =5m
Here AB = BC = CD = AD = 5 m = a(Let)
= 4 x 5 = 20m
=√ x 5 = 5√ m
√
5. Side of a square = = = 5m
√ √
Triangle :
= x 15 x 12 = 90 sq. cm
S= = = 12 cm
here BC = a, AC = b, AB = c
3. Area of triangle = √
=√
=√ = 24 cm2
4. Perimeter of a triangle = 2s = (a + b + c)
= 10 + 8 + 6 = 24 cm
√
5. Area of an equilateral triangle = x (side)2
√
= x (4√ )2
√
= x 48 = 12√ cm2
√ √
6. Height of an equilateral triangle = x (side)2 = x 4√
= 6 cm
= 3 x 4√ = 12√ cm
Quadrilateral :
Parallelogram :
=bxh
= 8 x 5 = 40 sq.cm.
Rhombus :
= (d1 d2 ) = x 8 x 6 = 24 cm2
here AB = BC = CD = AD = 4a
AC = d1, BD = d2
Trapezium :
= x (a + b) x h
= x ( 15 + 17) x 10
= x 32 x 10 = 160 cm2
Regular Hexagon :
√
(i) Area of a regular hexagon = 6 x x (side)2
(ii) Perimeter of a regular hexagon = 6 x (side)
Circle :
= 𝜋 x 2r = 2𝜋r
=2x x 42 = 264 cm
=√ =√ = 42 cm
= 360˚ x = = 30˚(approx)
˚
(x) Radius of circle = √
˚
=√ =√ =√ = 3.5 m.
˚
= 𝜋(R + r)(R – r)
= × (4 + 3)(4 – 3) = ×7×1
= 22 sq. cm.
= 2(12 × 8 + 8 × 6 + 6 × 12)
= 12 × 8 × 6 = 576 cuboic cm
=√ =√ = 2√ cm.
= 123
= 1728 cubic cm
=√ = 12 cm
(ix) Diagonal of cube = √ (side) = √ 12 = 12 √ cm
(x) Total surface area of a cube = 6 × (side) = 6 × 122 = 864 sq.cm
2
(ii) Total surface area = area of circular ends + curved surface area
=2x x 7(15 + 7)
= 2 x 22 x 22
= (𝜋r2) × h = 𝜋r2h
Here R, r are outer and inner radii respectively and h is the height.
Cone :
l2 = h2 + r2
h=√ ,r=√
= x 35 x 37 = 4070 sq. cm
(iii) Total surface area S = area of circular base + curved surface area
= x x 35 x 35 x 12
= 15400 cubic cm
Frustum of Cone :
where l2 = h2 + (R – r)2
height respectively.
Sphere :
(i) Surface area = 4𝜋r2
here, d = 21 cm r = 10.5 cm
= x x 21 x 21 x 21 = 4831 cubic cm
(vi) Diameter = √
Prism
1. Solid : Bodies which have three dimensions in space are called solid. For
example, a block of wood.
A body, which has the three dimensions length, breadth and height, is a solid,
whereas a rectangle with its two dimensions (length and breadth) is not a solid.
2. Prism : A prism is a solid, bounded by plane faces of which two opposite sides
known as bases are parallel and congruent polygons.
3. Base : The congruent and parallel faces of a
prism are called its bases.
to them.
5. Lateral faces : The side faces of a prism are called its lateral faces.
6. Lateral surface area : The area of all the lateral faces of a prism is called its
lateral surface area.
Formulae
Pyramid