Lesson Plan

Year: I year
Faculty: Pharmacy
Time: 90 min.
Topic: MIcroorganisms
Objectives:-to learn the new vocabulary; -to comprehend the text;-to practice activities in
order to consolidate the new material;-to practice audio-visual skills
I. Introductory Questions:

1. What do we mean by microorganisms?

2. What do you need to be able to see a microorganism?
3. Are all microorganisms bad ?
4. What is the science branch that deals with microoganisms?

II. Brainstorming. Encircle the words related to microorgansms. Add your own.
unicellular
decomposer amoeba
Non-living creatures
E coli
pathogens microorganisms superbug

germ
microflora
antibiotic bacteria microphill
mold proteins
Animal being
cheese
Microcytes salmonella
microphobia yeast

III. Practice your pronunciation:

microorganism /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈɔːɡəˌnɪz coccus /ˈkɒkəs/, pl cocci / -saɪ/
əm/ ba•cil•lus /bəˈsɪləs/,pl. bacil•li /-
mi•cro•scope /ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp/ ˈsɪlaɪ/
bac•te•ri•a /bækˈtɪriə/USA spirochete /ˈspaɪrəʊˌkiːt/
pronunciation earth /ɝθ/
fun•gus /ˈfʌŋgəs/ ,pl. fun•gi digestive /dɪˈdʒɛstɪv daɪ-/
/ˈfʌndʒaɪ, ˈfʌŋgaɪ/ yeast /yist/
spe•cies /ˈspiʃiz, -siz/ par•a•site /ˈpærəˌsaɪt/
aer•o•bic /ɛˈroʊbɪk/ me•tab•o•lism /məˈtæbəˌlɪzəm/
anaerobic /ˌænɛəˈrəʊbɪk/
 VI. Read the text.

MICROORGANISMS
Microorganisms (or microbes) are literally microscopic organisms, which can only be seen
properly with the aid of a microscope. These include bacteria, microscopic fungi (moulds) and
viruses. Micro-organisms are the most numerous organisms in any ecosystem. There are about
159,000 known species, although this is thought to be less than 5% of the total in existence.
Microorganisms require food, air, water, ways to dispose of waste and an environment in which
they can live. Some microorganisms eat other organisms to get their food. There are many
different kinds of microorganisms. These classifications are determined by the microorganism’s
shape, structure how do they get food, where they live and how they move. There are two
types of micro organisms and tiny single-celled bacteria called aerobic and anaerobic.
Aerobic bacteria inhales oxygen to remain alive. Anaerobic bacteria dies in the presence of
oxygen, and therefore avoids O2.
The three basic bacterial shapes are coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), and spiral
(twisted). However, these interact and form other structures as streptococci, streptobacilli ,
coccobacilli, spirochetes.

Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist all around you and inside you. Although
they can cause sickness and disease, they are very important to life on Earth. We depend on bacteria to
help in the digestion of food, for plant growth, and to help us make foods and medicines. When living
things die, bacteria play a very important role as decomposers. When bacteria break down the dead
organisms, they release substances that can be used by other organisms in the ecosystem. Some
bacteria always live in our bodies. They are found in digestive systems and help digest food. Other
bacteria are in our food. When you eat yogurt or cheese, you eat bacteria. Bacteria are the smallest
microorganisms. There are thousands of them growing together in a colony. Scientists can culture, grow
microorganisms in a specially prepared nutrient medium.
Fungus, plural fungi, any of about 80,000 known species of organisms of the kingdom Fungi, which
includes the yeasts,rusts, smuts, mildews, molds and mushrooms. Fungi are among the most widely
distributed organisms on Earth and are of great environmental and medical importance. Many fungi are
free-living in soil or water; others form parasitic or symbiotic relationships with plants or animals.

Although viruses, which are even smaller than bacteria, are generally considered to be non- living
entities, they might also be included here as they are important disease-causing agents. They're basically
found anywhere there are cells to infect. Viruses have evolved to infect every form of life, from animal
to plant and from fungi to bacteria. Viruses exist for one purpose only: to reproduce. Viruses cannot
reproduce outside the host cell, but they cannot be called parasites either. Scientists still argue today
about whether viruses are true living forms because they are not cells and they cannot metabolise on
their own.

V. Match the word combinations

microscopic Avoids oxygen

tiny In colony
Aerobic bacteria agents
Anaerobic bacteria cell
Three basic In soil and water
Grow together organisms
Widely Bacterial shape
Free-living Inhales oxygen
Disease-causing Single-celled bacteria
host distributed

VI. Fill in the new words:

Waste, properly, require, avoid, interact, sickness, growth, break down, to

evolve, metabolise

1. Calcium builds healthy bones and teeth and ensures your muscles, cells, and nerves
work ____________________.
2. Any laundry or other clinical ________________ should be incinerated.
3. So wash your hands with soap and water and ______________ touching your eyes, nose,
or mouth if dirty.
4. We all________________drugs differently, depending our genetic makeup, age,
ethnicity, gender and even diet.
5. Most people recover completely from the________________, although severe cases can
be fatal.
6. Bacteria activity is still a major player in ________________ carbon directly in soil.
 7. Always check what foods or drinks could _______________ with your medicine.
8. They found that the bacteria inhibited the _______________ of the pathogens.
9. Damaged tissue ________________ a good blood supply to provide the regenerating
cells with glucose and oxygen.
10. It is typical for a virus to cause more severe infections as it ______________.

VII. Define each characteristic to the following groups. Tick the correct one.
(Worksheet Activity 1)

VIII. Discussion point

 According to healthcare experts, infectious diseases caused by microbes are

responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other single cause. There are many
ways you can get infected:
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________

 You can’t avoid all germs, but you can minimize your exposure by practicing
good hygiene and you can keep your immune system strong to keep any germs
from getting into your body:
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________
___________________________ ___________________________

IX. Homework/Translate

Microbii care cauzeaza boli se raspindesc în diferite moduri. Multe dintre cele mai comuni
microbi, cum ar fi raceala, gripa, varicela, si alte boli a copiilor
sunt transmise pe cale aeriana. Ele sunt răspândite prin tuse si stranut, sau
cind atingem un obiect pe care persoana infectata a strănutat deja.
Unele boli microbiene sunt raspandite prin contact cu un transportator animal.
Un număr de boli de piele sunt cauzate de ciuperca. Copii si adolescenti de multe ori sunt
afectati de boli fungice capatate de la o sala de gimnastica sau vestiar.
 Bacteria Fungus Virus
The MOST NUMEROUS ORGANISMS ON EARTH.

Typically composed of a Cell Wall, a Cell Membrane, and

Cytoplasm.

Multiply inside of living cells using the host cell machinery

They do not have chloroplast, or chlorophyll, and so cannot

synthesize food by photosynthesis.
they do not have multicellular reproductive organ

The smallest infectious units

They have been grouped based on their Structure, Physiology,

Molecular Composition, and Reaction

Electron microscope is required

Their body is not divided to roots, stems or leaves like

multicellular plants.

The lack of a cell nucleus.

Use/non-use of oxygen during cellular respiration

Not sensitive to antibiotics

Feed on dead or decaying material

Gain part of their names from their shape.

Can also live in a wide variety of environments

They obtain food by absorption

During multiplication form daughter cells

Protein coat, or capsid, some have envelopes

May be free-living or parasitic

Germs that cause DISEASE

Do not grow on artificial culture media

Contain only one type of nucleic acid DNA or RNA

Single type of nucleic acid - DNA or RNA

Conclusions- All about microbes – Quiz questions

What sort of microbes are these?
What are these? Fungi
Viruses
Algae
Bacteria
1. What is a ‘microbe’?
a) A virus
b) A bacterium
c) A fungus
d) A parasite
e) All of the above
2. A bacterium is smaller than a virus? True or false
3. Bacteria help you digest your food? True or false?
4. Microbes are called, microbes because….?
a) they are killed by micro-waves
b) you can hear them when they are near a micro-phone
c) they are so small, they can only be seen using a micro-scope
d) they have micro-chips that help them remember information
e) None of the above
5. Where do bacteria live in your body?
a) In your mouth
b) In your gut
c) Up your nose
d) On your skin
e) All of the above
6. Viruses are parasites? True or false?
7. A parasite can live anywhere? True or false?
8. Your body has defences against disease or invaders? True or False?
9. How long have micro-organisms been alive?
a) fifty years
b) hundreds of years
c) thousands of years
d) millions of years
e) None of the above
10. You can eat some types of fungi - True or false?
11. Bacteria cannot live in very hot or very cold temperatures. True or false?
12. Many foods acquire their flavour or texture from the action of microorganisms. For which of the
following foods is this NOT true?
a)Live yoghurt
b)Wine
c)Jelly
d)Bread
13. What is the process when a microbe is injected to prevent us getting a disease?
a)Disinfectant
b)Antibodies
c)Antiseptic
d)Immunisation
Teacher’s note.
Microcytes. Erythrocytes smaller than 6.5 microns are called microcytes.
1. Calcium builds healthy bones and teeth and ensures your muscles, cells, and nerves
work properly.
2. Any laundry or other clinical waste should be incinerated.
3. So wash your hands with soap and water and avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth if dirty.
4. We all metabolise drugs differently, depending our genetic makeup, age, ethnicity, gender and
even diet.
5. Most people recover completely from the sickness, although severe cases can be fatal.
6. Bacteria activity is still a major player in breaking down carbon directly in soil.
7. Always check what foods or drinks could interact with your medicine.
8. They found that the bacteria inhibited the growth of the pathogens.
9. Damaged tissue requires a good blood supply to provide the regenerating cells with glucose and
oxygen.
10. It is typical for a virus to cause more severe infections as it evolves.
II.Define each characteristic to the following groups:
Bacteria
 The MOST NUMEROUS ORGANISMS ON EARTH.
 The lack of a cell nucleus.
 They have been grouped based on their Structure, Physiology, Molecular Composition, and Reaction
 Gain part of their names from their shape.
 Typically composed of a Cell Wall, a Cell Membrane, and Cytoplasm.
 During multiplication form daughter cells
 Feed on dead or decaying material
 Use/non-use of oxygen during cellular respiration
 Germs that cause DISEASE
Virus
 Single type of nucleic acid - DNA or RNA
 Protein coat, or capsid, some have envelopes
 Multiply inside of living cells using the host cell machinery
 The smallest infectious units
 Do not grow on artificial culture media
 Not sensitive to antibiotics
 Electron microscope is required
 Contain only one type of nucleic acid DNA or RNA
Fungi
o They do not have chloroplast, or chlorophyll, and so cannot synthesize food by photosynthesis.
o They obtain food by absorption
o Their body is not divided to roots, stems or leaves like multicellular plants.
o they do not have transport system
o they do not have multicellular reproductive organ
o Can also live in a wide variety of environments
o May be free-living or parasitic