DEFINITE INTEGRATI (a) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 1: If f is continuous on [a, b], then the function g defined by g(x) = Fit a ffoddx does not depend upon x. It is a a 4 a numerical quantity, b a (b) ff(odx = - ffodx a b b c b (0) ff(xidx = Jt(x)dx + fflxidx where ¢ may lie inside or outside 3 i : the interval [a, b]. This property to be used when f is piecewise continuous in (a, b).0 ;if f(x) is an odd function m J foe + tay sap ear if ff) is an even function 0 pe eat (©) fits = ffla+b—x)ex, Inparticuar flxkdx= ffla—xéx 2a 4 * 2[f(x)dx i if f(2a—x)=f (J flxidx = ff(xidx + fi(2a—x)dx = Fiore t Wess) 3 3 3 0 ; if f(2a-x)=-f(x) aT .. (a) [f(xjdx =n ffeddx, (n € 1) ; where ‘T’ is the period of the 0 0 function i.e. f(T + x) = f(x) Tex T Note that : [ {(t)dt will be independent of x and equal to fetat x 0 benT b (hy f(x)dx = fflxidx where f(x) is periodic with period T & n € 1. atnT a @ “Fock = (nm) ff60, (om € Dif f(x) is periodic with period 'a’. ma 0 WALLI'S FORMULA : (n-1(n -3).....(L or 2) x/2 n/2 fA” xis Fi dies (a) j= x jo x nin—2).....{1 of 2) oferet n/2 ifnis even 1 if n is odd x/2 (b) J sin” x.cos™ xdx oO = (n= Din — 3 —5)....1 of 2lfim - 1km—3)....1 or 2). (m+n\m+n-2\m+n—4)....1 or 2Where K = o if both mand nare even (m,n €N) 1 otherwise DERIVATIVE OF ANTIDERIVATIVE FUNCTION (Newton- Leibnitz Formula) : If h(x) & g(x) are differentiable functions of x then, aq he pan aT Att )dt = f[h(x)]-h (x) - fla(x)].g (x) dx ai) DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS LIMIT OF A SUM : b a ff(xidx = Lim bif(a) + f(e +h) + fla + 2h) +.....4f(a+n=Th)] nel 1 i = fivod - Limb ah jo Ik where b-a = nh Ifa=0 &b=1 then, Limh f(rh) = oa where nh = 1 1=0 OR Lim jee \= [ftxrde. nox ESTIMATION OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL : (a) If f(x) is continuous in [a, b] and it’s range in this interval is [m, b M], then m(b—a) <__ffx)dx < M(b—a) b b (b) If ffx) <6 (x) fora 0 on the interval [a,b], then fflx)dx > 0, a (©) f(x) and g{x) are two continuous function on [a, b] then lx aCe a < fade fotooax SOME STANDARD RESULTS : x/2 (a) J oasticde =~ Sea = “Floaeosna & Jor =25 el © fle =|b|-lal.