Pictogram – it is a type of bar graph that uses
an axis with numbers and uses pictures to
represent a particular number of items.
Citation – it is a way of giving credit to the
individuals for the information obtained from
their creative and intellectual work that you
used as a reference for your research.
Mean – is the arithmetic average that can be
computed by adding all the scores and then
divide the sum of the scores by the number of
scores.
Experimental Group – is the condition,
treatment or intervention is applied.
Theoretical Framework of the Study – is the
application of a theory or theories in
explaining the existence of a phenomenon and
the interrelationship of various factors which
led to the existence of the phenomenon.
Immersion - it refers to the deep-level
personal involvement of the researcher with
the object of the study.
Research Design - It refers to the action plan
and research procedures developed by the
researcher in order to successfully answer the
research problem.
Survey Research - It provides a numerical
description of trends, attitudes or opinions of
a population by studying a sample population.
Social Research – it is a process in which a
researcher combines a set of principles,
outlooks, and ideas with a collection of specific
practices, techniques, and strategies to
produce knowledge.
Case Study - a strategy or research method in
which the researcher conducts an up-close or
in-depth study of an individual, an
organization, a behavioral condition, an event
or a contemporary phenomenon in its social
context.
Purposive Sampling – it is a sampling method
wherein it is done by getting all possible cases
that fit a particular criteria using different
methods.
Social Artifacts - these are any product of
social beings or human social behavior as a
topic for research.
Content Analysis – it is a technique used for
gathering and analyzing the content of a text.
Basic Research - it focuses on the advancement
and production of new knowledge.
Hypothesis – it is a verifiable proposition or a
tentative statement that clearly explains the
relationship between the two variables about
how social world operates.
Simple Random Sampling - it relies heavily on
chance or probability, hence, it is also called
chance sampling.
Inquiry - is defined as a systematic search for
information, knowledge and truth about
certain things and matters of public interest.
Single-Subject Quasi-Experimental Design -
this design is used when the population is so
large that you find difficulty in choosing a
group to study.
Topic - is the subject or subject matter or a
proposed research study.
Pretest - is the measure of the dependent
variable before the use of the treatment.
Investigation - is the systematic examination
and inspection of the factors that have affected
the subject of the investigation in order to
uncover facts regarding the matter.
Research problem - is the issue or problem
that leads to the need for a study.
Scope - is the specific topics or coverage of the
research.
Field Research – it is a qualitative research
method wherein the researcher directly
interacts and observes in a small-scale social
setting in the present time and in the
researcher’s own culture.
Applied Research - It focuses on addressing a
specific concern or usually offers a solution to
a social problem.
Focus Group Discussion – is a data gathering
method in field research wherein the
researcher gathers about 6 to 12 persons in a
room to discuss their response to questions
about a certain issue or problem.
Ethnography - it is the art and science used to
describe a group or culture usually used by
anthropologists.
Operational Definition - it explains the term in
a particular language rather than in abstract
manner as it is used in the research.
Research Objectives -it explains the reason
behind the study and its specific goals and
aims.
Histogram – is a type of bar chart where the
categories are in the form of ranges of
numbers.
Pie Chart - it looks like a circle or a pie that has
been cut into segments and used to show how
a whole is broken down into significant parts.
Outline -is used to plan and draft the
important ideas and information of a research
report, paper or proposal.
Falsification -it refers to manipulating by
changing, omitting or adding data.
Line Graph -it is used to show dependent data
and the development of trends over time
wherein it depicts a point value for each
category and the categories are joined in a line.
Table -is used to show data results and they
can be also used to analyze data results.
Developing Concepts- it is the researcher
organizes data into categories based on
themes, concepts or similar characteristics.
Coding Data -this allows researchers to
conduct a higher level of thinking and to move
toward theoretical conclusions or
generalizations.
Research Findings - These refer to the results
of the study conducted based on the data that
were collected, analyzed and interpreted.
In-text Citation -these are references found in
the body of the text meaning that the
references are included and incorporated in
the paragraphs.
Dissertation and Thesis - these literatures are
written by graduate students.
Conclusions -these are abstractions of the
summary of findings into what are most
important in relation to the objectives of the
study.
Authorship Misconduct – is a type of research
misconduct wherein the authors don’t have
substantial contributions in the development
of research studies and publications.
Synthesis – is an explanation of how the
reviewed related literature and studies relate
to the present study.
Graphs -these are utilized to show
relationships in a set of data.
Title Page - this part includes the title of the
research paper, the name of the author/s and
the date of its submission.
Recommendations - these are suggestions for
future studies based on the experiences and
major findings of the researcher.
Acknowledgment - this part contains a short
message to thank all the people and
organizations that helped the author in his or
her research.
Charts -these are used to describe the
relationship between parts of a group or
object or sequence of operations in a process.
Table of Contents -this page contains the list of
main topics, subtopics and other subsections
of the research paper including their
corresponding page numbers.
Significance of the Study - this refers to what
will be the results of the study contribute to
concerned individuals, administrators,
agencies, service providers’ clients/
beneficiaries, general society, science, practice
of profession, etc.
Plagiarism - it is owning someone else’s work
without giving appropriate credit.
Frequency Distribution – it is the simplest way
to describe numerical data done by computing
the percentage frequency distribution of the
variable with the total number of respondents.
Abstract –it is also called as the executive
summary of research, is a short summary or
synopsis of the content of the research paper.
Appendices -it contains various
information in relation to the research like the
survey questions, interview guides,
transcription of interviews and photos.
Drawings - these are images that can be
shown from several views and they must be
illustrated by a professional artist.
The start of the pagination of each part or
section of the paper must be reflected and
shown in the table of contents and the list of
tables and charts of the research paper.
List of Tables and Figures - It contains the list
of all statistical data, charts, drawings, graphs,
photos and other related visual
representations of data in the research paper.
Photograph - they are used to augment
(enhance) the text wherein they must be taken
clearly.