TNF-α as the pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulates proliferation through EGF pathway. Hazelbag et al.

showed that
cervical cancer cell produces TNF-α as one of the immunomodulatory cytokines required in immune system
function [26]. Thus, suppression on TNF-α in the long term can be dangerous. A pro-inflammatory cytokine is
required for carcinogenesis de novo and TNF-α is important for the initial