JEE (MAIN & ADV.), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, IX & X R. K. MALIK 's Enjoys unparalleled reputation for best results NEWTON CLASSES in terms of percentage selection www.newtonclasses.net CONTINUTY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY (XII, R. S. AGGARWAL) EXERCISE 9A (Pg.No.: 345) 1. Show that _f(x)= 1° is continuous at x=2 Sol. f(x)=x° Left hand limit at x=2, m f(x) = lim f (2) = fim(2=h)" = lim hi =4h+4=(0) -4(0)+4 =4 Right hand limit at x= 2, JF (x)= lim f (+H) = fim (2+) = tim (444° +4h)=(4-+(0)' +4(0))=4 Value of function at x=2, f(2)=(2) =4 Since lim f (x)= lim f (x)= (2)=4. Hence, f(x) is continuous at x=2 Show that f (x) =(x*+3x+4) is continuous at x =1 Lf (x)=(x° +344) Left hand limit at tim f (x)= fim f (1) = fim {(1-)' +3(1-A) +4 14h? -2h+3—3h+4) = lim (4° ~Sh+8)=(0)'-5(0)+8=8 Right hand limit at x= 1, lim f (x)= lim F(1+n)= lim {(1 +n) +3(1+h) 4} = lim (1+? +2h-+3+3h+4)= lim (i? +5h+8) =(0) +5(0)+8=8 cuff . ‘ 3(1) +4}=(143+4)=8 Since tim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(1) =8, Hence, (3) is continuous at x-=1 Prove that > ‘ when «#3 is continuous at x =3 when x=3 when x23 when x=3 when x #3 when x=3 Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2662623, 9835608812, 8607613968,BY R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES I {(x+2), when x #3 at \s, when x =3 Now, left hand limit at x=3, lim f(x) = lim (3—h+2) = lim (3-2 +2) = lim (5~h) =(5-0)=5 And, Right hand limit at x=3, lim f (x)= lim f(3+A) fim ((3-+)+2} = fim (3-44-42) = im (S+h)=(5+0)=5 Value of function at x=3, f(x)=5 > f(Q)=5 Since lim f (x)= lim f(x)=f(3)=5. Hence, f(x) is continuous at x=3 when x25) » iS continuous at x=5 when x=5 when x45 (NG) nena when x =5 when x =5 [(x+5), when x #5 x)ey 1) U0, when x=5 Now, left hand limit at x= lim f(x) = lim (SA) = jim (5~ +5) =fim(10=h) = And, Right hand limit at x =5, lim f(x) = lim f (5-+4)= lim (5-+ 04-5) = im (10+) = (100) =10 Value of function at x=5, f(x)=10 => f(5)=10 lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(5)=10. Hence, f(x) is continuous at x =5 3 sn ek when #20 when x=0 is discontinuous at x= 0 when x #0 lL when x=0 Left hand limit at x= 0, lim f(x)= lim f (0-A)= lim f(A) = tim = a hy And, Right hand limit at x =0, sin3h A Value of function at x=0, f(x)=1 = f(0)=1 lim (x)= lim f (0H) = lim f (1) = fim Since, lim f(x)= lim f(x) F(0). Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x=0 1s@9ffice.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-t, Ph.; 0661-2662623, 9835608812, 8607613968CONTINUTY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY (XII, R. S. AGGARWAL) [1=S08* when x#0 f(x) is discontinuous at x= 0 when x=0 when x #0 when x=0 Left hand limit at x=0,, kin 7@)= Im f(0-8)= And, Right hand limit at x=0, Hoy J (x)= lim (0-42) = lin Value of function at x=0, f(x)=1 => f(0)=1 Since, lim f(x) = lim f(x) # (0). Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x=0 =x, when «<2 is discontinuous atx f( x, +x, when ¥22 x, when <2 MO To when x22 Left hand limit at x=2, lim f (x)= lim f (2A) = lim {2-(2-A)} = lim (2-2+h) = limA And, Right hand limit at x=2, lima f(x) = fim (2+) = lim (242+) = lim (4.42) = (440) =4 Value of function at x=2, f(x)=2+¥=> f(2)=2+2—>7(2)=4 Since, lim f(x) # lim f (x)= (2); Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x=2 when «<0 is discontinuous atx =0? when x>0 when x<0 when x>0 Left hand limit x=0, tim f(x) = fim f (0h) = fim {3~(-)} = tim (34+2)=(3-+0)=3 And, Right hand limit at x= 0, lim f (x)= lim F(0+h)= lim 7 (h) = lim (2) = lim A? =0 {606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2562523, 9836608812, 8507613968 1BY R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES Value of function at x=0, f(x)=3-x => f(0)=3-0= f(0)=3 Since, lim f(x) lim f(x) Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x=0 when 0 f(I)=5— Since, lim f(x) =lim f (x)= f(I)=1. Hence, f(x) is continuous at x= 1 when 0 , isdiscontinuous at x=0 ‘cos.x, when x <0 cosx, when x20 ‘cosx, when x <0. Left hand limit at x=0, lim (x)= Jim (0h) Shim f (4) =— lim cos(—h) ==! n (di) = lim cosh =1 Right hand limit at =, tim f (x)= lim £(0+4 Value of function at x=0, f(x) =cosx = f(0)=cos0 => f(0)=1 Since, lim f(x) # lim f(x) = (0). Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x=0 Leal, en xe F(x)={ xa? ; i8 discontinuous at x= 0 L when x=a 1sQffice.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-t, Ph.; 0661-2662623, 9835608812, 8507613968CONTINUTY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY (XII, R. S. AGGARWAL) Lora) when eee f(x)=) aca when 20 1 when x=a Left hand limit at x= 0, tim f(x) = fim f(a-h) = Right hand limit at «=a, tim f (x)= lim # (0+) = fim 4 wt ath—a eh Value of function at x=a, f(x)=1 > f(a Since, lim f(x) lim f(x)= f(a). Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x =a. when x40 is discontinuous at x=0., when x=0 when x=0 when x=0 Left hand limit at x=0, lim f(x) = lim f(0—A) = lim ( = im 2h Right hand limit at x=0, lim f(x)= im f(0-+A Value of function at x=0, f(x)=2 = f(0)=2 Since, lim f(x)= lim /(x)#£(0). Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x=0 when x40 is discontinuous at x=0 (0, when ¥=0 Left hand limit at x= 0, Him f(x) = lim f(0—M) = lim f (-4) = lim sin Right hand limit at = 0, Him f(x) = lim f(0-+/)= im f (1) = lim sin Value of function at x=0, f(x)=0 => f(0)=0 Since, lim S(x)* lim f(x) # £(0). Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0 2x, when x<2 F()=42 when x=2 when x>2 (2x, when x<2 f(x)=42, when x=2 when x>2 {606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2662528, 9836608812, 660761396833BY R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES Left hand limit at x= 2, Him f (x)= lim f(2—A)= lim 2(2—A) = lim 4~2h=4-2(0)=4 Right hand limit at x= 2, lim f (x)= lim f(2+H)= lim (2+8)° = fim 440° +4h=4+(0) +4(0)=4 Value of function at x=2, f(x)=2 = f(2)=2 Since, lim f(x)=lim f(x) # f(2). Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x= 2 {-x, when x<0 F(x)=41, when x=0 is discontinuous at x= when x0 when x <0 when x=0 when x>0 Left hand limitat x=0, lim f(x)= lim f(0—h)= lim f (=A) = lim =(-h)= lim h=0 Right hand limit at x=0, tim f(x)= lim f(0+h) = lim h=0 Value of funetion at x=0, f(x)=1 = f(0)=1 Sinee, fim f(x) = lim f(x) # f (0). Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x= 0 5 ; . when x20 Find the value of & for which f(x)=4 sy 2. “"®"**°. is continuous at x=0 k, when x=0 28 when x20 when x=0 Left hand limit at x=0,, lim f (x)= lim f (0-h)= lim f (-h) = Value of function at x=0, f(x)=k = f(0) Since, lim f(x) = lim f(x) =J(k) + is continuous at x x(e3) 41-3) xl when x 4-1 when x=—1 1Affice.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-t, Ph.; 0661-2662623, 9835608812, 8607613968CONTINUTY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY (XII, R. S. AGGARWAL) (x=3)(x+1) 2 1e)=f er To sonyf A when x=-1 x=3, when x#-1 A, when x=-1 Left hand limit at x=—1, tim f(x)= lim f(-1-A) = lim—1—h—3= lim —4—h=—4— And value of function at x=—1, f(x)=42 > f(-I)=2 Since, lim f(x)= lim, (x)=f(-l) > -4=A. Hence, A=-4 For what value of & is the following function continuous at x= 2? faxtl, x<2 S(x)={k, x= 2 (br- x22 (2x41, ox Sa)=lk, x + Srl, Left hand limit at x= 2, tim f(x) = fim F(2—A) = tim 2(2—A) +1 = fim 4-21 = fim $~2h=5-2(0)=5 Right hand limit at x= 2, lim f (x)= Jim S(2+h)= im 3(2+h)— im $+34=5+3(0)=5 Value of function at x=2, f(x)=k= f(2)=h Left hand limit=right hand limit=value of function at x= 2 Hence, this function is continuous at'x=2. +. K=5 fener when te3 For the what value of & is the function f(x)={ x—3" , is continuous at x= 3? le when x=3 (6) we x3 = f(x=foacy NO k when x=3 . when x23 x43, when x23 ~ rte)-fp when =3 when ¥=3 Left hand limit at x=3, lim f (x)= lim f (3h) = lim (3—A)+3= lim 6—h = 6-0-6 Value of function at x=3, f(x)=k, f(3)=h Since, lim f (x)= lim f(x)=f(k) => 6=k, Hence, k=6 keos.x 2x x if x22 Find the value of & for which the function f(x)=| 7 is continuous at x= 2/2 3, if x =f 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2662528, 9896508812, 660761396835BY R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON keosx ie 2x CLASSES Since, f(x) is continuous at x =al2 Left hand limit at x =a/2, lim_f (x)= lim 1(% ie) ite, SCIEN) ar ims \2 seen) fig iM —2(a/2—h) Right hand limit at x= 7/2, Since, tim, f(x) = fim (Een) pg, igos(2/2 +h am any te’ B—2(z/2+h) yi ind, if x20 Show that the function f(x)=)" "x?" **°. is continuous at ¥=0 0, if r=0 foal /.\_)xesin—. ifx#0 F(x) x lo, if x=0 Left hand limit at =O. (1) tim (x) = lim f(O=h) = timp (~/) = tim (=h)sin( 4 tim? sn( a s i ty in (i) i Right hand limit at x = 0, 0 ima f (8) = lim (0+) = lim f (h) = lim sn(2) 0 Value of function at x=0 => f(x) left hand limit=right hand limit=value of function=0 Hence this funetion is continuous at x=0 feth feel Show that: f(x) 12 Hagia ci oauoLaL=T rel, if x21 1) [P41 if xd Left hand limit at x lim f (x) = tim f(1-A)= Hime (1) +1 = lim fi? =2h-+2= (0) ~2(0) +2 Right hand limit zt 1, , Jim f(x) = fim f(1-+A)= lim LAr) = lim 2+ =2+0 Value of function at x=1, f(x)=x+1= f(I)=1+1= f(1)=2 left hand limit=right hand limit=value of function=2 at x =1 Hence, this function is continuous at x=1 1s@ffice.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-t, Ph.; 0661-2662623, 9835608812, 8607613968CONTINUTY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY (XII, R. S. AGGARWAL) if x<2 is continuous at x= 2 Show that rx) =f" 3 Left hand limit at x= 2, lim f(x) f (2-h) = lim (2-h)' -3 = lim 2° ~h’ -3.2.h(2-A)-3 =8-0-0-3=5 Right hand limit at x= 2, lim f (x)= lim f(2+h) = lim (2+Ay +1 = lim 4-0? +41 = lim h? 4h +5=(0)' +4(0) +5=S Value of function at x=2 => f(2)=(2)'-3 => f(2)=8-3 = f(2) Since, left hand limit=right hand limit=value of function=5 at x =2 Hence, this function is continuous at x= Find the values of a and b such that the following function is continuous (5, when x <2) f(x)={ae+b,when 2<¥<10 (21) when x 210 We note that domain of f = R As the given function is continuous, it is continuous for all xe R In particular, the function is continuous at x =2 and at x = 10. Continuity at x=2 : Here, f(2)=5; Lt f(¥)= Le 5=S and Le f (x)= Lt (ax+5) Asthe function f is continuous at Lt f(@)= Lt f(x)=fQ) > 5=2a+b=5 > 2a+b=5 at x=10: Here, f(10)=21; Lt _f(x)= Lt (av+b)=10a+b and Le f(x)= Lt 21=21 As the function f', is continuous at x= 10, Lt f (x)= f(x)=f(10) =910a4+b=21=21 > oat =21 Solving (i) and (ii) simultaneously, we get a= 2,6 =1 Hence, the given function fis continuous if @=2vand 5 = 1 Find the value of a for which the function f, defined as [ x asinZ(x+1), x50 is continuous at x=0 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Read, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2562523, 9836508812, 6507613968 g7BY R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES ~sinx lt cose. sinx(I-cosx) _p, sinx(I=cosx) | I+eosx wx eose 1 eos (un) .n— sx) “SH cosx( 1+ 0088) For the function f to be continuous at x=0, we musthave Lt f(x)= Lt, f(x)=F(0) =a=+ Hence, a= 2 Prove that the function f givén by f(x)=|r—3],re R is continuous but not differentiable at x=3 b IO As ghos Now, lim (x) =fim f(3+H) = lim (3+h=5)=0 <5 *% *S* Hence we have, (5) lim f (x)= fim f (3—A) = tim 3—(3—) = tim lim (x)= lim f(x) = f(3). Thus, f is continuous at x=3 LRA £03) _ gy 3403-0 Sig A Also, Rf’(3)=(RHD at x =3)= li $0) A (3) =(RUD at s=3)= in Ee £8 tim 32 G=4) 1f'(3)=(LHD at x=3)= lim Rf'(3)#1"(3). Hence, f isnot differentiable at x= 3 EXERCISE 9B (Pg. No.: 358) ‘7x+5, when x>0 — 14 Shon hat ncon 7(2)={7 se rhe eco’ {88 continuous function Sol. Left hand limit at r=0, lim f(x) = Jim f (0~h) = lim $+3h=5+3.0=5 Right hand limit at x= 0, fim f (x)= lim f(0+)= lim 7h+ S=7x04S Value of function at x=0, f(x)=7x+5 yf (O)=7*0+5-=5 => lim F (x)= lim f(x) =f (0)=5. This function is continuous at x= 0 ‘ {sinx, if x<0 Show thatthe function f(x) =) fre 9 18 continuous x, ire: Left hand limit at x =0, fim f(x) = lim f ("= lim sin(—h)=— lim sinh = 0 Right hand limit at x=0, lim f(x)= lim f(0+H)= lim h=0 Value of function at x=0, f(x)=x, f(0)=0 => lim f(x)=lim f (x)= f(0)=0. This function is continuous at x=0 1s@ffice.: 606, 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-t, Ph.; 0661-2662623, 9835608812, 8607613968CONTINUTY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY (XII, R. S. AGGARWAL) 189 when #1 is continuous. when x=1 | Left hand limit at x1, tim 13) (0-1)= fg =P =n(iy =n Right hand limit at tim A (x)= lim F(1+h) tin an(ly =n Value of function at x=1, f(x)=m, f(I)=0 > lim f(x) =lim #(x)= (1) =2, This function is continuous at x= Show that secx is a continuous funetion: Let f(x)=secx. Let x=e be any real number. tim f (x)= lim f(e+2) = lim seo(e-+/) = sec(c) Also, f(x)=sece lim f(x)=F(e) J (x), i.s., secx ig continuous at x=c. But x=c is any real number. secx is continuous, Show that cos|.c| is a continuous function. Let f(x) =[x| and g(x)=cosxr, then (gof)(x) eff (x)} = g {| x[} = cos|x| Now, f and g being continuous it follows that their composite (gof) is continuous. Hence, cos| x| is continuous. JE when x20 ¥ ; is continuous at each point except 0 2, when x=0 Show that the function f(x) Left hand limit at x=O.=> lim f(x) = lim f(A) = lim Right hand limitat x= 0= tim (x)= fim (0) = tim 04 Value of function at x=0, f(x)=2, 7(0)=2 lim f(x)=lim f(x) + £(0) Discuss the continuity of f(x) =[x] Letthe integral value of x= 1, n= Let f(x) =[x], is continuous ar=2,r¢7 Aten f(x)=[a]=" LHL > fim f (x)= Jim f (nh) = Jim [A] = 21 RHL : lim f (x)= lim f(n+h)=lim[n+h]=n So, LHL RHL. Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x=n, 1€/ ‘606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2562523, 9635508812, 6607613968} g9BY R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES 10. (2-1), if x<2 Show that f(x) = is continuous ()=)a if x22 Left hand limit at x= 2 lim f(x)= Jim f (2M) = lim 2(2-h)-1 = lim 4—2h~1= lim 3-24 Right hand limit at v= 2, lim f(x)= lim f(2+M) = lim 3 Value of function at x=2, (x)=, ¢(2)=4 ©. lim f (x)= lim f (x)= f (2) =3), This function is continuous at x =2 if x=0 Show that 1)-{* re iS eontinuous at each point except 0 Let hand limit at x/=0, fim f(x)= im f(-h)= fim (~h)=0 Right hand limit at = 0, lim J (x)= lim / (IH) = lim h=0 Value of function at x=0, f(x)=1, f(0)=1 fim f(x)= lim f(x) # £(0) This function is discontinuous at x= 0. Again 1)-{" Loft hand limit at x =K fim (x)= im (1~/ (ls Right hand limit at x= 1, lim f(x)= lim f(1+h) = lim (1+0)=1 Value of function at x=1, f(x)=x,f(I)=1 lim f(x) =tim ¥(*)= F(t) = :. This function is continuous at =1 Pax 42x-2), 09 xe 4 if'x Locate the point of discontinuity of the function f(x) = { Sol. The only doubtful point is °=1, Hence, we check the continuity. at x=1 Left hand limit at x=1 lim f (x) = fs F(I-A)= him (I-A) ~(1hy +21) -2 = lim (1h) =(1-A)’ +2(1-h) =2= (1-0) 1-0)" + 2(1-0)-2 Right hand limit at «=I, lim f(x) = im f (1¥A)= lim (1+h)'—(I+h)"+2(1+h)—2 =(1+0)' -(1+0)' +2(1+0)-2=0 Value of function at x=1, f(x)=4, f(I)=4 => lim f (x)= lim f(x) = f(1). This function is discontinuous at x=0 1ofice.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-t, Ph.; 0661-2662623, 9835608812, 8607613968CONTINUTY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY (XII, R. S. AGGARWAL) 11, Discuss the continuity of the function f (x) =|x|+|x—1] in the interval [-1, 2] -x-x-1 ifeso Sol. Given => f(x)=} x-x-1 if f isnot derivable at If (2)= lin Hence, the f(s) is neither continuous nor derivable at x= 2 {e-»). when x <1 \ Left hand fimit at x =1, tim f(x) = fim (1-2) Show that the function f(x) = is continuous but not differentiable at x =1 1), when x>1 im 1—(1-) = lim h=0 Right hand limit at x=1, tim f(x)= tim J (I#h)= lim (+h) Value of function at x=1, f(x)=x° -1, f(1)=(1)' -1=0 lim f(x) =lim 7(x)=,f()=0 Again, left hand derivative at x=1 (2) L0) _ jig LU=) =I) _ him xl we h ne 1F()) t 4s _1 Right hand derivative at x=1 ‘ 14h) £+A-F(0) jg 4) fin 2248) _0(2+0) _ mh 0 Lf (I) #RF"(1)Hence the f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x= (e3 if x50. # UA e od, Basil Show that f(x) is not derivable at Sol. Left hand derivative at x=0, fim = £0) $0) _ jp SA-F0) -h = fi 22 242 we =I “ht {606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2662528, 9836608812, 6607613968193BY R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES £(x)- £(0) x0 L()=I0) _ j,, 2#)-2+0) _ Right hand derivative at x =0, li = lim se h os h Lf'(0) # Rf"(0). Hence, the f(x) is not derivable at x=0 If f(x)=[x], show that #"(2)=1 I. Left hand derivative at x=2 1f'(2)= lim £0--J0), i Right hand derivative at x=2 2+h)-F(2) wey yO Hence, Lf" =a Find the values of a and > so that the function f (x)= { is differentiable at (2 43x-4a), when a1 ( (ox+2), when x>1 each xR I. Since f(x) is derivable for every x P(e) is derivative at x=1 => f is Continuous at x=1 = lim (= F(0)=lim f(s) > lim(x 4344) =143 +a lim (+2) => 143+a +34+a=b+2 = 4+a=4+a>b+2 > 4+a=b+2 = bsat2 (1) Now. 1/(I)= lin mA) pet ee) O50) we3v—4_ 4. (x+4)(x-1) x-l sr (x=) f( LD) gg B82 (143 +4) Bin im (+4) = im (1-4) =5 g"(1)=lim (a+2)x-a-2 “Ee “jg A012), (a2) C81) st (a) ms Since 17’(1)=Rf'(1) ~S=a+2, hereB=a¥2 +. b=3+2=5° Hence, a= {Using (1)] (22)= hin (a+2)=(a+2) 06 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2662623, 9836608812, 8607613968