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Purdue Univ John E HaddockDenverPresentationFeb2009
Purdue Univ John E HaddockDenverPresentationFeb2009
Associate Professor
School of Civil Engineering
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN
Joseph Seidel, P.E.
Graduate Research Assistant
School of Civil Engineering
Bernie Tao, Ph.D.
Professor
School of Agricultural and Biological
Engineering
http://www.riethriley.com/page_images/Dearborn_042_size425.jpg
Bituminous Materials Index
Tennessee Department of Transportation
800.00
700.00
Cost ($, ton)
600.00
500.00
400.00
300.00
200.00
100.00
0.00
Month-Year
• 94% of U.S. paved roads
are paved with asphalt
• Refined from a
nonrenewable resource
• Refining methods can
make asphalt scarce and
more expensive
• Enormous demand for
maintenance applications
Time to examine
renewable bio‐
alternatives as
binding agents in
flexible pavement
systems.
Utilization Percent
Replacement
Direct Alternative 100%
Asphalt Extender 25‐75%
Shell
Ecopave
Product Price (per lb)
Asphalt $0.20‐0.37
Soybean Oil $0.56‐0.69
Soybean Soapstock $0.13‐0.25
SOAPSTOCK SUPPLY ASPHALT DEMAND
• Availability will • World Demand for
increase with increased Asphalt in 2004 –
commercial use of about 110 million tons
soybean oil and soy‐ • 85% toward paving
based resins products
• Estimated 0.5 million • United States
tons/yr produced represented 36% of the
world demand
Will it raise food prices?
What about additional fuel and fertilizer use?
Since soapstock is a byproduct of soybean oil
processing, its utilization will not be an impetus
for growth
Will it compete with existing/future markets?
Protein source in animal feed (existing)
Biodiesel (possibly)
Currently used as an environmentally friendly
dust suppressant
Known for its biodegradability and low
volatility
As a flexible binder material it will need to be
evaluated using the standardized tests
Workable
Stable (oxidation resistance)
Durable
Flexible
Fatigue resistant
Tolerant to thermal changes
Resistant to moisture damage
Testing various material
constituents using a
statistical approach
▪Literature review
▪Investigate soy soapstock
▪Analyze characteristics
▪Determine necessary
modifications
▪Formulate & test binders
▪Produce new paving binders
▪Test HMA mixtures
▪Analyze results
The use of soybean soapstock as a pavement
binder appears to be technically feasible
Current supply is not equivalent to demand,
but could work in a regional approach
Appears to be a cost‐effective alternative to
asphalt binders
Currently is environmentally friendly
Questions about possible environmental
damage from additional cultivation