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    ToC

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    8 views17 pages

    To C

    Uploaded by

    Sudin Amatya
    fyi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 17
    Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Structures Introduction. Stresses and Strains That Affect Aircraft Structures. Tension nn Compression. Torsion. Shear Combination Stress... Hoop Stress... Axial Stress... Elasticity of Materia... Strain Ratio ‘Shock Loads Fatigue in Materials. Fatigue Cracking. Foroes that Act on Structures and Materials In Flight na ‘ Lun. Dra Mae Weight. Acceleration Inertia Other Factors for Consideration, Airspeed. z Temperature Atitude On the Ground During Landing, Friction. 2 Pressutization Thrust Reversal Braking Stationary... Taxing (On Take-Off. Design Philosophy Parts Design Limit Load or DLL Design Utimate Load or DUL Catestrophic Failure. Safe Life. Fal Safe Damage Tolerant Structure. Servicing Cycle. Aircraft Construction Materials. Metal Composite Advantages of Composis Metals Disadvantages of Compose Materials Electrical Sonding Lightning Strikes 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 + 1 4 1 “t Airframes and Systems vii AY 2 NN A Table of Contents CHAPTER 2 Fuselage Structures Introduction Frame Construction Monocoque Structures ‘Semi-Monocoque Structures. Reinforced Shell Structure Riveting, Bonding, Milling, and Etching, Prossuro Bulkhead Cabin Floors. Blow Out Bungs Windows... Flight Deck Windows. Direct Vision Window... Passenger Cabin Windows... Doors for Aircraft Certified Under JAR 23 and 25 Sealing ‘Seat Mounting Support Structure. Spar Attachment Fuselage Shape ‘The Jet Engine. Fuselage Prof and Trojele Underariags Tail Bumper. ip Fuselage Mounted Engine CHAPTER 3 Wing Structures Introduction 34 Biplane. 32 Braced Monoplanes 33 Cantilever Monoplanes 34 omponants of Wing Stutirs. 34 Stringers. 35 Ribs. 36 Spars... 36 Torsion Box OT Modern Wing Design. 38 Wing Loading... 38 Wing Mounted Landing Gear 340 Monoplane Centre Wing Seton / Fuselage Section i 340 Wing Location... one OF Low-Wing. sim ear cee ld High-Wing 342 id-Wing. 342 Hip-Wing 313 Fairing Panels. 343 Dinedral Angle.. a4 Anhedral Angle. 344 ‘Sweep Back Angle 44 Wash Out. 348 Wing Tips and Winglets 345 Wing Tip Vortex... 48 High Aspect Rao and Elipioal Winge 16 Mesiied Tp Caps. ° 346 Tip Tanks. 347 Winglts... 348 Wing Mounted Engines ranannt ne i - 3-20 Engine Chine / Strake.... 321 vill Airframes and Systems Table of Coments CHAPTER 4 Empennage or Tailplano Introduction Positive Static Stability... ‘Stability Function of the Fin Fin Structure Fin — Fuselage Relationship... Nacelles/Swept Wings Elect on Sibi Lin. Stalling Angle. Fin Surface Area. Lever Arm... Motive Power: Airspeeds. Ventral Fin and Strakes High Mach Numbers. Wing Plan Form Location of Tai Propeller Effects. Mult-Fin Design. Dorsal Fin... ‘Couple Formed by Lif and Mass. Couple Formed by Trust and Drag. Tailolane Introduction. Static Stability Function. Size of Tailplane .. Forces on the Tailpiane in Fight Construction. HeTall Location Tall Propeller Wash and Downwash... Angle of Incidence Delta.Wing Aircraft VTi Canards CHAPTER 5 Primary and Secondary Flight Controls Introduction ‘The Reference Axes... Primary Controls Surfaces ~ Conventional Aeropianes Function of the Primary Control Surfaces . Range of Movement, Structure, Flight Deck Controls, Control Column, Rudder Control Push ~ Pull Type Yoke. Control Wheel and Column... Side-Stick. ° Contro! Sysiom Linkage. Cable Tension and Turnbuckles Control Cables Control Rods Control Stops. : Hydraulic Control Systems. Airframes and Systems ix ee eed Table of Contents CHAPTER 5 (Continued) Power Assist of BOOSt ..nneneninnantnnnninn 513 Power Control Units 513 PCU Schematic... sna su esonnaacan S14 PGU Release Unit. 514 PCU with Internal interconnecting Valves nnannnanen SAB Primary Control Surface Design and Development..n.00n- - on 516 Flutter. 516 Mass Balance... S17 Aerodynamic Balancing ache mann AT Inset Hinges. : 518 Horn Balance oie ree: SAB Internal Balance Panel... 519 Hinge Moment. 5.20 Stick Gearing — Mechanical Advantage 5-20 ‘Adverse Yawing Effect In Plain Ailerons 521 Differential AierOMS nnn Baca lelctteaetaee 524 Rudder Alleron Interink, 5.22 Frise Alleton8 on . 5-22 Fixed Tabs... 5-22 Balance Tab. 5-23 Trim Tabs. 5.23 ‘Trim Function for PCU Operated Controls 5-25 Electric Tim Actuators. 5-25 ‘Secondary Control Position indicators 5.25 mary Contol Suriaoes Operatd By Servo Tabe 526 Spring Servo Tab... ct al 5:26 Horizontal Stabilator. 527 ‘Anti-Balance Tab. ‘Anti-Balance Trim Tab 527 Slab or All Flying Tailplane. i * 5:27 Elevons 528 Vail ininice Teiplane — Toning Taipine. 5.28 5.27 Butterfly or V Tail Aircraft 5:29 Control Locks wnnnnnnnnnnnnnntinnnanennan 5-30 Stick Position Stability. = 530 Stick Force Gradient sn se 5-80 Stick Centring Springs. noo Patna 531 Down Springs. at ema 531 Bob Weight = 7 5-32 Abtificial Feel... 5-32 Spring Feel Unit ‘ aan 5.33 Basic Q Feel SysteMecn.anunnnnnnnrnnnnsn peter 5.33 Hydraulic Q Feel H ee 534 Roll Control for Air Transport Aircraft. Wing Mounted Speed Brakes / Lift Bumpers 5.35, 5.38 Fright Operation. 5-36 Load Alleviation Function, 7 5:36 Airbrakes and High Speed Flight at High Altitude en 5.37 Ground Operation cmennarnsi SOT Fuselage Mounted Airbrakes 537 Droop Ailerons ... Fly By Wire (FBW). Weight Reduction, Reduced Maintenance Control Response... Built in Control Parameters Gust Load Alleviation... x Airframes and Systems Table of Contents CHAPTER 6 Flight Controls — High Lift Devices Lift Augmentation — High Lift Devices. i 64 Trailing Edge Flaps. me . 62 Plain Flap, . _ siearanim aa z 62 Spit Flap 62 Slotted Flap. "63 Double Slotted Flap 63 Zap Flaps. 64 Fowler Flaps G4 Double Slotted Fowler Flaps. 65 Blown Flaps... 65 Leading Edge Devices 66 Slots. 68 Fixed Siats. eT Moveable Siats ~ Controlled Siais 67 Moveable Stats ~ Automatic Slat. 68 Leading Edge Flap... 68 Kruger Flaps 63 Boundary Layer Control 6-10 Effectiveness of Flaps and Slats. 6-10 Flap Operation and indication... 6-14 Basic Flap System for a Light Aircraft 6414 Flap Contos for oter than Basie Light Acraf. on sen ON2 ‘Advanced Light Aircraft. aia 6-12 Air Transport Aircraft... san 6-13 Flaps Operated by Independent Hydraulic Linear Actuator... 614 Flaps Operated by Power Drive Unit . 6-15 Fly by Wire Flap and Slet System. 616 Flap and Slat Position Indications. 6-18 CHAPTER T Landing Gear — Undercarriages Introduction Requirements fra Modern Undercarriage. Drag and Undercarriages. Landing 0. ‘Suspension / Shock Absorber Sysiems for Light Aircraft. Bungee Cords / Bungee Blocks Spring Steel Leg Torsion Ber... Basie Principle of an Oieo-Pnoumatic Shock Absorber ‘The Gas Charge pn ‘The Oil Charge. Unseparated Oieo, Torque Link. Heavy Landings ‘Oil Charge — Leaks or Losses. Brop Glarence Requrement. Separated 01€0...nem Unloaded, Landing Load RECO ern nnnnnn Static Load. Tail Wheels ‘Airframes and Systems xi ANSI 2 RM Table of Contents CHAPTER 7 (Continued) Fully Castoring Tall Wheels, 72 Tall Wheel ~ Ground Looping eo et ie 713 Lockable Teil Wheel — Pilot Operated... . 713 Lockable Tail Whee! ~ Load Operated isi ae 74 Tail Wheels and Nosing OVEF rcrnsnnennn sore . ne To Nose wheels... a sn 714 Fully Castoring Nose Wheel ica ate fA Steerable Nose Wheels ~ Light Aircraft with Fixed Undercarriages ......- 0. 748 Steerable Nose Wheels ~ Light Aircraft with Retractable Undercarriages 745 Shimmy Dampets..-..nnnn ci 716 Hydraulic Shimmy Damper he fait 716 Serle Nose Woes for Medium and Large Aca an i TAT Nose Wheel Rumble

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