Unit 1(Chemical Reactions and

Equations)
Short Answer Type Questions

1.Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify
the type of reaction in each case.
(a) The rmit reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten
iron and aluminium oxide.
(b) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid
magnesium nitride.
(c) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form
potassium chloride solution and solid iodine.
(d) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat.
Ans.

2.A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an
insoluble white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also
mention the type of the chemical reaction.

Ans.

It is a double displacement reaction. It is also a precipitation reaction as AgCl is a

white precipitate
.
3.Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(a)Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar
concentrations gives sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen-carbonate.
(b)Sodium hydrogen carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium
chloride, water and liberates carbon dioxide.
(c)Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodide precipitates cuprous iodide
, liberates iodine gas and also forms potassium sulphate.
Ans.

4.Why do fireflies glow at night?

Ans. It is because protein present in fireflies undergoes oxidation in presence of air and
an enzyme. This chemical reaction involves emission of visible light. Therefore, fireflies
glow at night.
5.Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being plucked from the
plant can be fermented. Under what conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a
chemical or a physical change?
Ans. Grapes when attached to plants are living and therefore they have their immune
system due to which they cannot get fermented. When microbes attack plucked grapes in
absence of air, they undergo fermentation to form alcohol. This is a chemical process.

6.During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid, following
observations were made.
(a) Silver metal does not show any change.
(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added.
(c) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive.
(d) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the acid.
Explain these observations giving suitable reasons.
Ans. (a) It is because silver is less reactive than hydrogen. It cannot displace hydrogen
from dilute acid.
(b) It is because the reaction is exothermic.
(c) It is because sodium is highly reactive and forms hydrogen gas in the presence of
moisture which catches fire as the reaction is highly exothermic and is
highly inflammable.
(d) It is due to formation of hydrogen gas. The reaction becomes slow after some time
as covers Pb metal.

7.A substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the

cement industry. This element is present in bones also. On treatment with water, it
forms a solution which turns red litmus blue. Identify X and also write the chemical
reactions involved.
Ans.The substance ‘X’ is calcium oxide (CaO), element is calcium. Calcium oxide is used in cement
industry. Calcium is present in bones in form of calcium phosphate. Calcium oxide dissolves in water
forming alkali which turns red litmus blue. CaO(s)+

8.Why do we store silver chloride in dark coloured bottles?

Ans.It is because silver chloride decomposes to silver and chlorine gas in
presence of sunlight.

9.A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X

accompanied by emission of light. If the burning ribbon is now placed in an
atmosphere of nitrogen, it continues to burn and forms a compound Y. (а)Write
the chemical formulae of X and Y.
(b)Write a balanced chemical equation, when X is dissolved in water.
Ans.
 10.A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days.
The article when rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining.
(a) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days?
Name the phenomenon involved.
(b) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.
Ans.(a) Silver reacts with gas present in atmosphere to form a black compound
(silver sulphide) on its surface. This phenomenon is called corrosion.
(b) (silver sulphide) is a black coloured solid.

11.Write the balanced chemical equation for the following equations for the
following reaction and identify the type of reaction in each case.
(a)Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 773 K
to form ammonia gas.
(b)Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate and water.
(c)Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl acetate in presence of cone.
. (d)Ethene is burnt in presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and
releases heat and light.
Ans.

12.Complete the missing components/variables given as x and y in the following reactions :

Ans.

13.Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature?

Ans.(a)Decomposition of ferrous sulphate
(b)Dilution of sulphuric acid
(c)Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
(d)Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water Ans. (a) It is endothermic reaction.
(b)It is exothermic process.
(c)It is exothermic process.
(d)It is endothermic process.
14. Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions :

Ans.(a) is reducing agent.

(b) is reducing agent.
(c)CO (Carbon monoxide) is reducing agent.
(d) is reducing agent.

15.Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions :

Ans.(a) (Red lead). It is also called Sindur used by married ladies. It is an

oxidant (oxidising agent).
(b) is oxidising agent.
(c) is oxidising agent.
(d) is oxidising agent.
(e) is oxidising agent.
(f)CuO is oxidising agent.

16.Ferrous sulphate decomposes with the evolution of gas having a characteristic

order of burning sulphur. Write the chemical reaction involved and identify the
type of reaction. Ans.

It is decomposition reaction.

17.Which among the following are physical or chemical

changes (a)Evaporation of petrol.
(b)Burning of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
(c)Heating of an iron rod to red hot.
(d)Curdling of milk.
(e)Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride
Ans.(a)Physical change
(b)Chemical change
(c)Physical change
(d)Chemical change
(e)Physical change
18.Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions and also
classify them.
(a)Lead acetate solution is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to form lead
chloride and acetic acid solution.
(b)A piece of sodium metal is added to absolute ethanol to form sodium
ethoxide and hydrogen gas.
(c)Iron (III) oxide on heating with carbon monoxide reacts to form solid iron and
liberates carbon dioxide gas.
(d)Hydrogen sulphide gas reacts with oxygen gas to form solid sulphur and liquid water.
Ans.

19.Balance the following chemical equations arid identify the type of chemical reaction:

Ans.

20.Zinc liberates hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid,
whereas copper does not. Explain why?
Ans.Zinc is more reactive than hydrogen whereas copper is less reactive than hydrogen.
Therefore, Zn displaces hydrogen from dil.HCl whereas copper does not

21.On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in boiling tube,
copper oxide (black), oxygen gas and a brown gas ‘X’ is formed. (a)Write a
balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b)Identify the brown gas ‘X’ evolved.
(c)Identify the type of reaction.
(d)What could be the pH range of aqueous solution of the gas ‘X’?
Ans.

(b) The brown gas ‘X,’ is nitrogen dioxide .

(c) The reaction is a thermal decomposition reaction.
(d) The gas ‘X’ is acidic in nature because it is a non-metallic oxide. Its aqueous solution
has pH less than 7.

22.Give the characteristic tests for the following gases.

(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans.(a)Pass the gas through limewater. Limewater turns milky which confirms the presence
of .

Limewater Carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate Water

(b) Pass the gas through acidified potassium dichromate solution (orange in colour). The
solution will become green in colour due to formation of . It is a redox reaction.
Acidified

Alternative:
Pass the gas through acidified potassium permanganate solution (pink/purple in r colour). It
will become colourless because reduces to ion which is colourless. It is a
redox reaction. Acidified is an oxidising agent.

(c) Bring a candle near oxygen gas. The intensity of candle flame is increased, it
shows the presence of oxygen gas which is a supporter of combustion.
(d) Bring a burning matchstick near hydrogen gas. The gas will burn explosively ‘ with a
pop sound. It confirms the presence of hydrogen.
is oxidising agent whereas SO_{ 2 } is reducing agent.

23.What happens when a piece of

(a)zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
(b)aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?
(c)silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution? Also, write the balanced
chemical equation if the reaction occurs.
Ans.(a)The solution will become colourless due to formation of zinc sulphate and
reddish brown

(b)aluminium chloride solution will be formed.

(c) No reaction will take place because silver is less reactive than copper, it cannot
displace copper from copper sulphate.

24.What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilute solutions of , HCl,
, NaCl and NaOH? Also write the chemical equations if reaction, occurs.
Ans.

25.On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium

sulphite, white precipitate is obtained.
(a)Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
(b)What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
(c)On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white precipitate disappears.

Why?
Ans.

b)It is also called double displacement reaction.

It is because barium sulphite reacts with HC1 to form barium chloride which is soluble in
water and liberates .

26.You are provided with two containers made up of (A) copper and (B) aluminium. You are
also provided with solutions of (a) dilute HCl (b) dilute (c) ZnCl2 and (d) H20.
In which of the above containers these solutions can be kept?
Ans.A. When solutions are kept in copper container-
(a)Dilute HC1: No reaction takes place as copper is less reactive than hydrogen. Therefore, dil.
HC1 can be kept in copper container.
(b)Dilute HNOs: Copper will react with dil. HNOs as it is an oxidising agent and will
form copper nitrate and nitrogen monoxide gas.
Therefore, (dil.) cannot be kept in copper container.
(c) : No reaction takes place because copper is less reactive than Zn, therefore
can be kept in copper container.
(d) : NO reaction takes place because copper is less reactive than hydrogen.
Therefore, water can be kept in copper container.
Thus, dil. HCl, and can be kept in copper container whereas dil.
cannot be kept in it.
B.When solutions are kept in aluminium container-
(a)Dilute HCl: Aluminium reacts with dil. HCl to form aluminium chloride . and hydrogen
gas is formed.

So, dil. HCl cannot be kept in aluminium container.

(b)Dilute : Aluminium gets oxidised by to form a layer of aluminium oxide which
does not react further therefore dil. can be kept in aluminium container.
(c) : It reacts with ‘AT to form aluminium chloride and zinc metal will get deposited.

Therefore, Zinc chloride cannot be stored in aluminium container.

(d) : It can he stored in aluminium container because aluminium does not react
with cold as well as hot water.
A1 reacts with steam to form aluminium oxide and hydrogen

Thus.dil. and can be kept in aluminium container whereas dil. HCl and
solution cannot be stored in it.