11.

Air conditioning and ventilation systems must remain out of use until
clearance is given.
12. Covering of dirt or soot on surfaces should be removed without the use
of water or other liquids, and kept in suitable resistant, airtight
containers ready for examination.
13. Determine whether any wastes are to be classified as hazardous, and
if so in what quantities. Where and how can these wastes be disposed.

FIRST-AID

First-aid is the skilled application of accepted principles of treatment on the

occurrence of any injury or sudden illness, using facilities or materials available
to you at the time, until placed, if necessary, in the care of a doctor or removed to
hospital.

A FIRST-AIDER IS TO –
(a) Follow the Golden Rule to treat the most urgent symptom first.

Cessation of breathing
Eye injury
Skin contact
Shock

(b) Assess the situation, identify the disease or condition from which
the casualty is suffering.

(c) Give immediate, appropriate and adequate treatment.

(d) Arrange, without delay, for the disposal of a casualty to proper

medical care, if required.

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE FIRST-AID UNLESS YOU HAVE ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE

OF FIRST-AID MEASURES.

TREATMENT

A faint is a brief loss of consciousness caused by a temporary reduction in the

flow of blood to the brain. Recovery is usually rapid and complete.

1. Lay down the victim with head lower than the rest of the Body.
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 2. Loosen any tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist to assist circulation
and breathing.

3. Ensure plenty of fresh air to the victim; place in a current of fresh air and
fan air on to the fact.

4. Sprinkle cold water onto the face.

5. Check breathing rate, pulse and levels of responsiveness.

6. Do not give the casualty anything by mouth until fully conscious and then
only sips of cold water.

WOUNDS:

1. Stop bleeding by any one of the following methods:

(a) Direct pressure

(b) Direct finger pressure into the wound in case of larger bleeding
wounds.
(c) Tourniquet – Use only as a last resort.

2. Avoid touching the wound with hands or unsterile materials.

3. Clear the wound with running water and surrounding area with soap and
water or spirit. Apply readymade adhesive gauge bandage or sterile
gauge and roller bandage as per need.

4. Keep the patient calm; raising the extremity if it is the bleeding part.
5. Never apply antiseptic ointment, lotion or germicide to the wound.
6. Seek medical attention.
ABDOMINAL WOUNDS:

1. Send the patient to the hospital as soon as possible.

2. Keep the patient flat and maintain warmth.
3. Give nothing by mouth.
3. If intestines protrude from the wound, do not attempt to touch or replace
them.

5. Apply sterile dressing and binder as for wounds.

7. Provide careful, immediate transportation to the hospital.
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EYE WOUNDS:

1. Removal may be attempted if foreign body is not embedded.

2. Do not apply oil or ointment.
3. If there is a foreign body embedded in the eye ball, send the worker
immediately to the doctor after applying pad and loose bandage.

BURNS:

1. Act quickly, put the affected part in cold water.

2. Pour cold water over burns that cannot be immersed.
3. Cover with a sterile dressing.
4. Seek medical attention depending on the nature.

CHEMICAL BURNS OF THE EYES:

1. Immediate washing of the eye at least for fifteen minutes is of great

importance.
2. Apply sterile bandage and send the worker immediately to the doctor.
3. Do not use neutralising agents or ointment.

ELECTRIC SHOCK:

1. Do not touch with bare hands an electrocuted person who is still

in contact with live parts.
2. Either de-energise the part or use a non-conducting material (like a dry
bamboo) to remove the contact.
3. Remove the patient from source of danger.
4. Make a rapid examination to ensure that the air passages are free.
5. Restore natural breathing by artificial respiration, if breathing has ceased.

PESTICIDE POISONING:

1. Remove the person from the scene to avoid further contact and
contamination.
2. Remove contaminated clothing completely including footwear.
3. Using copious amount of water remove pesticides from skin, eyes and
hair. Flood eyes continuously with clean water.

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IN CASE OF INGESTION:

1. Keep the victim calm and reassured.

2. Induction of vomiting is to be thought of only if the chemical swallowed is
highly toxic and the patient is conscious.
3. Use the following procedure to induce vomiting –

Sit or make patient stand up.

Using the finger or a spoon, tickle the back of the patient’s throat.
If induction is unsuccessful or after vomiting has occurred, give
three tablespoons of activated charcoal in half a glass of water to
drink. Repeat till medical attention is obtained.

4. Empty the stomach contents by gastric lavage followed by universal

antidote.
5. Place the patients on his side with the head lower than the rest of the
body and turned to one side.
6. Closely observe breathing and conscious state.
7. If the patient is unconscious, do not induce vomiting nor give anything by
oral route. Keep the chin pulled forward and the head back to ensure
breathing.
8. Control the body temperature by using cold water sponging, if the patient
is extremely hot or sweating excessively. Cover with a blanket, if the
patient feels cold.
9. In case of convulsions, place padded material at between teeth to avoid
injury.
10. Make the airway clear and watch breathing – if breathing stops, pull chin
forward and head back. Provide artificial respiration until normal
breathing takes place.
11. Rush to nearest medical facility and give all information about poisoning
symptoms.
12. Even if full recovery takes place after simple first-aid measures, contact
the company physician for complete check up.

BACKBONE (SPINAL) FRACTURE:

1. Use a rigid frame like a board or a door for transporting the patient.
2. The rigid frame may be placed on a stretcher for transportation.
3. If a firm frame cannot be improvised, transport patient on abdomen on a
stretcher made of canvas or blanket.

4. Do not try local massage or any application.

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