HUMANENTEROVI

RUS

(
unr
anked)
:Vi
rus

Real
m:Ri
bov
iri
a

Phy
lum:
incer
taesedi
s

Or
der
:Pi
cor
nav
iral
es

Fami
l
y:Pi
cor
nav
iri
dae

Genus:
Ent
erov
irus.

FONDEDR

Al
ber
tSabi
n

Thehistor
yoftheenterovir
usesisdescr
ibed,andhowpoliovi
ruscamet ober ecognizedast
he
protot
ypespeci
esoft hegenus,asubdiv
isionofthefamil
yPicornav
iri
dae.AlbertSabinwasone
ofthemaincontri
butors.Heisol
atedseveralent
erov
irust
ypesandest abl
ishedthem as
causati
veagentsofhumandi sease.

DI
SEASE

Enterov
irusi
sagenusofpositi
ve-
sensesingl
e-st
randedRNAv ir
usesassoci
atedwit
hsev er
al
humanandmammal i
andiseases..
..Hi
stori
cal
ly,
poli
omyeli
ti
swast hemostsigni
fi
cantdisease
causedbyanenterov
irus,
namelypoli
ovi
rus.Thereare81non-poli
oand3polioent
erovi
ruses
thatcancausedi
seaseinhumans.
TREATMENT

Thereisnospecif
ictr
eatmentfornon-poli
oenterov
irusinfect
ion.Peoplewithmil
dil
l
ness
causedbynon-poli
oenter
ovir
usinfect
iont y
pical
l
yonl yneedtot r
eattheirsy
mptoms.This
i
ncludesdri
nki
ngenoughwat ertostayhy dr
atedandt aki
ngov er-
the-
countercol
dmedicat
ions
asneeded.Mostpeoplerecovercompletely
.

HUMANHERPESVI
RUS

(
unr
anked)
:Vi
rus

Phy
lum:
incer
taesedi
s

Cl
ass:
incer
taesedi
s

Or
der
:Her
pesv
iral
es

Fami
l
y:Her
pesv
iri
dae

Subf
ami
l
y:Al
phaher
pesv
iri
nae

Genus:
Simpl
exv
irus

DI
SEASE

Humanherpesv
irus1(HHV-1)
:Aherpesvir
usthatcausescoldsoresandfeverbl
i
ster
sinandar
oundthemout
h.
Herei
sadepict
ionofatypi
calfev
erbl
ist
ercausedbyHHV- 1:Inrar
ecases,aswhentheimmunesyst
em i
ssev
erel
y
compromi
sed,t
hisvi
ruscancauseinf
ecti
onofthebrain(encephal
it
is)
.
TREATMENT

Anti
vi
ralmedicat
ions,
suchasacycl
ovi
r,f
amcicl
ovi
r,andval
acycl
ovi
r,ar
ethemosteffecti
vemedicat
ionsavai
labl
efor
peopl
einfect
edwi t
hHSV.Thesecanhel
pt or
educethesever
it
yandfrequencyofsy
mpt oms,butcannotcur
et he
i
nfect
ion.

HUMANHERPESVI
RUS2

(
unr
anked)
:Vi
rus

Phy
lum:
incer
taesedi
s

Cl
ass:
incer
taesedi
s

Or
der
:Her
pesv
iral
es

Fami
l
y:Her
pesv
iri
dae

Genus:
Simpl
exv
irus

DI
SEASE

Humanherpesvi
rus2(HHV-2)
:Aherpesvir
usthatcausesgeni
tal
her
pes,
char
act
eri
zedbysor
esi
nthear
eaoft
he
geni
tal
i
a.Genit
alher
pesisasexual
l
ytransmit
teddisease(
STD

TREATMENT

Thi
sv i
rus,l
ikehumanher
pesvi
rus1,
cancauseinf
ecti
onoft
hebr
ain(
encephal
i
tis)ift
heimmunesyst
em issever
ely
def
ectiveorcompromi
sed.Thetr
eat
mentofinf
ecti
onwit
hhumanher
pesvi
rus2i sbytopi
cal
oror
alanti
-vi
ral
medicati
on.

Def
ini
ti
onofHumanher
pesv
irus2

HUMANHERPESVI
RU6
O

Phy
lum:
incer
taesedi
s

Cl
ass:
incer
taesedi
s

Or
der
:Her
pesv
iral
es

Fami
l
y:Her
pesv
iri
dae

Subf
ami
l
y:Bet
aher
pesv
iri
nae

Genus:
Roseol
ovi
rus

DI
SEASE

Humanherpesvi
rus6i
st hecommoncol
l
ect
ivenameforHumanbet aher
pesv
irus6AandHumanbetaher
pesvi
rus6B.
Thesecl
osel
yrel
atedv
irusesaret
wooft
henineher
pesvi
rusesknowntohavehumansasthei
rpr
imaryhost
.
Wiki
pedi
a

TREATMENT

16Aug2019·Treatmentofhumanher
pesv
irus6(
HHV-
6)i
nfect
ionv
ari
esaccor
dingt
othecl
i
nical
scenar
io.I
n
i
nfant
swit
hroseola..
.

HUMANHERPESVI
RUS7
(
unr
anked)
:Vi
rus

Phy
lum:
incer
taesedi
s

Cl
ass:
incer
taesedi
s

Or
der
:Her
pesv
iral
es

Fami
l
y:Her
pesv
iri
d

FOUNDER

Humanherpesv
irus7(
HHV-
7)wasdi
scov
eredi
ntheper
ipher
albl
oodl
ymphocy
tesofaheal
thyadul
tin1990[
81]
.
HHV-
7belongstothe.
..

DI
SEASE

Humanbetaher
pesvi
rus7isoneofnineknownmembersoftheHerpesvi
ri
daefamil
ythati
nfect
shumans.HHV-7i
sa
memberofBetaher
pesvi
ri
nae,asubf
amilyoft
heHer
pesvi
ri
daethatalsoi
ncludesHHV-6andCy t
omegal
ovi
rus.
Wiki
pedi
a

TREATMENT

Notherapyhasbeenshownt obeeff
ect
ivefortr
eatmentofHHV- 6orHHV-7,butbot
hv i
rusesaresensi
ti
vet
o
ganci
clovi
r,f
oscar
net
,andcidofov
iri
nvi
tro.Gancicl
ovi
rorfoscar
net,orbot
h,havebeenusedtot r
eat
i
mmunocompr omi
sedpersonswithHHV-6orHHV- 7di
sease,especi
all
ywithli
mbicencephal
it
is.

HUMANHERPESVI
RUS8

Gr
oup:
GroupI(dsDNA)

Or
der
:Her
pesv
iral
es

Fami
l
y:Her
pesv
iri
dae
Subf
ami
l
y:Gammaher
pesv
iri
nae

Genus:
Rhadi
nov
irus

Speci
es:
Humangammaher
pesv
irus8

FOUNDER

I
n1994,Changetal
[4]di
scov
eredhumanher pesvi
rus8(HHV-8)
.Iti
salsoknownasKS-associ
atedher
pesv
irus
(
KSHV)andistheet
iol
ogi
cagentresponsibl
ef oral
ltypesofKSaswell
aspr i
maryef
fusi
onB-cel
l l
ymphomaand
mostf
ormsofthely
mphoproli
fer
ati
vedisordermulticent
ri
cCast
leman'
sdisease.

DI
SEASE

Humanher pesvi
rus-
8( HHV-8)
,orKaposisar
coma–associ
atedherpesv
irus,i
saγher
pesv
irust
hathasbeen
associ
atedwithmalignanci
es,i
ncl
udingKaposisar
coma(KS),pr
imaryeffusi
onl
ymphoma,andCast
lemandisease

TREATMENT

.
Transplant
-associ
atedKSmaybeef f
ecti
vel
yt r
eatedoravoidedwit
huseofimmunosuppr
essi
veregi
menswhich
i
ncludedrugsthatinhibi
tthemammal i
antargetofrapamycin(mTOR)suchasr
apamycinandsi
rol
imus.Theant
ivi
ral
agentsgancicl
ovir
,foscarnet
,andci
dofov
irexhibi
tinvit
roacti
vi
tyagai
nstHHV-
8.

HUMANI
MMUNODEFI
CIENCYVI
RUS

Phy
lum:
incer
taesedi
s

Cl
ass:
incer
taesedi
s

Or
der
:Or
ter
vir
ales

Fami
l
y:Ret
rov
iri
dae

Subf
ami
l
y:Or
thor
etr
ovi
ri
nae
Genus:
Lent
ivi
rus

FOUNDER

Iti
swi del
ybel
iev
edthatHIVori
ginat
edinKi
nshasa,
intheDemocrat
icRepubl
i
cofCongoar
ound1920whenHIV
crossedspeci
esfrom chi
mpanzeestohumans.Upunt
ilt
he1980s,wedonotknowhowmanypeoplewer
einf
ected
withHIVordevel
opedAI DS.

DI
SEASE

Acquir
edi
mmunodef ici
encysy ndr
ome(AI DS)isachroni
c,potenti
all
yli
fe-
thr
eateni
ngcondi
ti
oncausedbythehuman
i
mmunodefici
encyv i
rus(HIV).Bydamagingy ouri
mmunesy stem, HIVint
erf
ereswit
hyourbody
'sabil
i
tyt
of i
ghtt
he
organi
smsthatcausedisease.HIVisasexuallytr
ansmit
tedinfect
ion(STI)
.

TREATMENT

Thet reat
mentofHIVinvol
vesant
ir
etrov
iral
medi cationsthatf
ighttheHI
Vinf
ect
ionandslowsdownt
hespreadoft
he
vir
usi nthebody
.Peopleli
vi
ngwit
hHI Vgeneral
lytakeacombi nat
ionofmedi
cat
ionscal
l
edhighl
yact
iveant
ir
etr
ovi
ral
therapy(HAART)orcombinati
onanti
ret
rovi
ralt
her apy(cART).

PAPI
LLOMAVI
RUSHUMAN1
Phy
lum:
incer
taesedi
s

Cl
ass:
incer
taesedi
s

Or
der
:incer
taesedi
s

Fami
l
y:Papi
l
lomav
iri
dae

Subf
ami
l
iesandGener
a

DI
SEASE

HPVcancausecer v
ical
andot hercancersincl
udingcancerofthevul
va,vagi
na,peni
s,oranus.I
tcanalsocause
canceri
nthebackofthethroat,
incl
udingthebaseoft hetongueandtonsil
s(cal
ledorophar
yngealcancer
).Cancer
oft
entakesyear
s,evendecades,todevelopafterapersongetsHPV.

TREATMENT

Ther
eisnotr
eat
mentforthev
irusitsel
f.However
,therearet
reat
mentsfortheheal
thprobl
emst hatHPVcancause:
Geni
tal
wart
scanbetr
eatedbyy ourhealt
hcar
eprov i
derorwi
thprescr
ipt
ionmedicat
ion.I
flef
tuntreat
ed,
geni
tal
wart
smaygoaway,st
aythesame, orgrowinsizeornumber

PAPI
LLOMAVI
RUSHUMAN2

(
unr
anked)
:Vi
rus

Phy
lum:
incer
taesedi
s

Cl
ass:
incer
taesedi
s

Or
der
:incer
taesedFami
l
y:Papi
l
lomav
iri
dae
Subf
ami
l
iesandGener
a

DI
SEASEANDCAUSE

Cervi
calcanceriscausedbysexuall
yacquir
edinfect
ionwit
hcert
ainty
pesofHPV.TwoHPVtypes(16and18)cause
70%ofcer vi
calcancersandpr
e-cancerouscer
vicall
esi
ons.Ther
eisalsoev
idencel
i
nki
ngHPVwithcancer
softhe
anus,vul
va,vagi
na,penisandorophary
nx.

TREATMENT

Ther
eisnotr
eat
mentforthev
irusitsel
f.However
,therearet
reat
mentsfortheheal
thprobl
emst hatHPVcancause:
Geni
tal
wart
scanbetr
eatedbyy ourhealt
hcar
eprov i
derorwi
thprescr
ipt
ionmedicat
ion.I
flef
tuntreat
ed,
geni
tal
wart
smaygoaway,st
aythesame, orgrowinsizeornumber

PAPI
LLOMAVI
RUSHUMANSEXUAL16

DI
SEASEANDCAUSE

HPVtype16isthest
rai
nmostli
kel
ytocausecancerandispresenti
nabout47%ofal
lcerv
ical
cancer
s,andi
nmany
vagi
nalandv
ulv
arcancers,
peni
l
ecancer
s,analcancer
s,andcancersoft
heheadandneck.

TREATMENT

HPVTreatment-STDi
nfor
mat
ionf
rom CDC..
..Useof9-
Val
entHumanPapi
l
lomav
irus(HPV)Vacci
ne:
Updat
edHPV
Vacci
nat
ion..
.

PAPI
LLOMAVI
RUSHUMANSEXUAL18
Phy
lum:
incer
taesedi
s

Cl
ass:
incer
taesedi
s

Or
der
:Or
ter
vir
ales

Fami
l
y:Ret
rov
iri
dae

Subf
ami
l
y:Or
thor
etr
ovi
ri
nae

Genus:
Lent
ivi
rus

DI
SEASESANDCAUSE

Thehumanpapi l
lomavir
usist
hemostcommonsexual l
ytransmitt
edinfect
ionintheUnit
ed
Stat
esandisthecauseofcervi
calcancerandgeni
tal
war t
s....AsecondbivalentHPVvacci
ne
hasbeendevelopedthati
seff
ecti
veagainstHPV16and18, buti
snotyetav ail
abl
eint
heUnited
Stat
es.

TREATMENT

Manypeopl
ehaveHPV(humanpapi
l
lomav
irus)
,andt
hei
nfect
ionof
tencl
ear
suponi
tsown,
wit
houtt
reat
ment
.And
i
toft
endoesn’
tmakepeopl
esi
ck.

Butifitdoesn’tgoawaybyi t
self
,andi fi
tcausesproblems,yourdoct
orcantreatt
hesymptomsofthei
nfect
ion.
Thesemayi ncludegeni
tal
war t
slinkedtolow-r
iskHPVt ypes(whichdon'
tgeneral
l
yleadt
ocancer
s)andthe
precancerouschangessomet imesl i
nkedtocertai
nhighriskty
pesofHPV

HUMANPARVOVI
RUSB19

Gr
oup:
GroupI
I(ssDNA)

Or
der
:Unassi
gned
Fami
l
y:Par
vov
iri
dae

Subf
ami
l
y:Par
vov
iri
nae

Genus:
Ery
thr
opar
vov
irus

Speci
es:
Pri
mat
eer
ythr
opar
vov
irus1

FOUNDER

Par
vov i
rusB19wasdi
scover
edf or
tuit
ousl
yin1975byCossartandcoll
eagues,
1whounexpect
edl
yfoundv
iral
par
ti
clesintheser
aofasy
mpt omaticpat
ient
sbeingscr
eenedforhepat
iti
sBinfect
ion.

DI
SEASEANDCAUSE

Par
v ovir
usB19infect
sonlyhumans.I tmostcommonlycausesfi
fthdi
sease,amildr
ashil
lnessthatusual
l
yaffect
s
chi
ldren.Buti
tcancausediff
erentsignsandsymptoms,dependi
ngony ourageandover
allheal
th..
..Al
so,acator
dogcannotcatchparvov
irusB19f r
om aninfect
edperson.

TREATMENT

Treatmentmayi
ncl
udet hefoll
owing:Acetaminophenoribupr
ofenisef
fect
ivefort
reati
ngfeveri
npati
ent
swit
h
parvovi
rusB19(
B19V)infect
ion.Feverdoesnotalwaysrequir
etreat
mentwithanti
pyret
ics;
however
,consi
der
anti
pyreti
csi
fapat
ientappearscli
nical
lyuncomftabl
y