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Ozone for color and COD removal of raw and anaerobically biotreated
combined industrial wastewater
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Original Research
Ozone for Color and COD Removal of Raw and
Anaerobically Biotreated Combined Industrial
Wastewater
A. Yasar*, N. Ahmad, M. N. Chaudhry, M. S. U. Rehman, A. A. A. Khan
Directorate of Research and Development, University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
Abstract
Ozonation was carried out for decolorization and COD removal of raw and anaerobically treated UASB
(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) combined industrial (mainly textile) effluent in a lab-scale bubble col-
umn reactor. Ozonation of anaerobic bioprocess effluent at a dose of 300 mg/h for 10 min resulted in
81% color and 75% COD removal (100 mgO3/80 mg COD) while for raw wastewater 25 min ozonation
furnished 51% color and 67% COD removal (250 mgO3/345 mg COD). Optimal process conditions for
biotreated effluent (pH = 8 and temperature = 25°C) resulted in 100% color and 96% COD removal for 10
min ozonation (100 mgO3/104 mg COD). Electrical energy comparison demonstrated that post ozonation
required less electrical energy, 16 and 2.9 times as compared to pre ozonation.
color removal, and for reduction of soluble non-biode- ever, the removal of COD is not effected significantly up
gradable COD fractions. to 40°C due to compensation of increase in reaction rate
Process conditions like pH and temperature influ- with the decrease in solubility of ozone. On the other
ence the performance of the ozonation process [10, 11]. hand a decreasing trend appears beyond 50°C as the de-
At lower pH (acidic conditions) ozone exists in molecu- crease in solubility overcomes the increase in reaction
lar state (O3) and its decomposition into highly reactive rate [11, 18, 19].
species like HO•, HO2• and HO3• occurs in an alkaline The aim of this study was to investigate the possibili-
environment [12, 13]. Among these species, HO• is an ties of using ozone for the treatment of combined indus-
extremely important oxidant because its rate of attack is trial effluent and inline with UASB as a post treatment
106 to 109 times faster than that of the reaction rate of mo- option.
lecular ozone [14]. It has been demonstrated that ozone
decomposition into secondary oxidants enhances at high-
er pH and the reaction between hydroxide ion and ozone Experimental Procedure
leads to the formation of super-oxide anion radical O2- and
hydroperoxyl radical HO2•, which through various steps Wastewater Characteristics
yields HO• radical [10, 15].
The effectiveness of ozone treatment can be influ- Wastewater used in this study was obtained from the
enced by temperature as well. The influence of tempera- combined industrial effluent drain carrying the effluents
ture on ozonation is a net result of two simultaneous ef- of more than one hundred textile units along with five
fects such as increase in the rate constant of the reaction dairy, two sugar and three flour mills. Integrated samples
and the variation of ozone solubility with temperature. were prepared by mixing water samples taken along the
Due to an increase in the temperature, ozone solubility width of the drain at varying depths. Wastewater was
decreases, thereby a reduction in the amount of ozone characterized in terms of color, COD, chloride and pH
available for the reaction, which may result in an overall of influent and effluent in accordance with Standard
decrease in degradation [16, 17]. The difference in solu- Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
bility inhibits reactions between ozone and organics. In [20]. Color was measured as absorbance values (optical
the temperature range from 5 to 20°C ozone efficiency density) at wavelength of 465 nm [21]. To avoid inter-
increases as reaction rate increases with an increase in ference from suspended matter with the result for color
temperature, while solubility is not much effected. How- measurement the wastewater sample was centrifuged
before examination [20]. The wastewater characteristics
are given in Table 1.
Table 1. Characterization of wastewater and UASB-treated ef-
fluent used in the study.
Biological Treatment Setup
Parameter Unit Wastewater UASB effluent
A bench scale anaerobic experimental setup was used
pH - 7.9a (0.08) 7.2 (0.05)
for the biological treatment (Figure 1a). The experimen-
Colour Absorbance 0.65a (0.02) 0.085 (0.001) tal assembly was divided into four parts: (1) UASB reac-
COD mg/L 515a (29.4) 108 (7) tor, (2) feed tank, (3) gas collection arrangement, and (4)
effluent collection tank. The UASB reactor was made of
Chloride mg/L 144 (17.6)
a
57 (3.3) Perspex tubular circular column (tubing) with an inside
Values in parenthesis represent standard deviation and a is mean diameter of 7 cm and length of 120 cm. In order to en-
of five values. hance the capturing of suspended particles an enlarged
A B
Application of Ozone
P ⋅ t ⋅1000
(
EE O kWh/m3 = ) (1)
(
V ⋅ 60 ⋅ log Cinf Ceff )
where P (kW) is the power input, t is the oxidation time
(in min), V is the volume of the effluent sample (in liter)
and Cinf and Ceff are the initial and final concentrations of
the contaminant [22-24].
Fig. 2. Effect of ozone dose on the color and COD removal of raw Color and COD removals were increased with an
wastewater (pH = 7.9 and Ozone dose = 300 mg/h, Color influent = increase in ozone dose. Figs. 2 and 3 shows the ef-
0.65 absorbance, COD influent = 515 mg/L). fect of ozonation on color and COD removal of raw
292 Yasar A. et al.
Effect of pH on Ozonation
Effect of Temperature
Conclusions
Fig. 6. Effect of temperature on the efficiency of ozone (100 mg)
for color and COD removal of raw wastewater (Color influent = Ozonation showed best results for post treatment of an-
0.65 absorbance, COD influent = 515 mg/L). aerobically treated effluent for color and COD removal as
294 Yasar A. et al.
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