EC452

Image Processing
Image Enhancement and Filtering
in Spatial Domain
Course Coordinator : Prof. Robinson Paul
(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul
(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

XU j–•›™ˆš›Gš›™Œ›Š•Ž

YU n™ˆ T“ŒŒ“Gš“Š•Ž

ZU i›T—“ˆ•ŒGš“Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š
p• ”ˆ›Œ”ˆ›ŠšS ˆ —ŒŠŒžšŒ “•Œˆ™ œ•Š›–• š ˆ ™Œˆ“Tˆ“œŒ‹ œ•Š›–•
‹Œ•Œ‹ –• ›Œ ™Œˆ“ •œ”‰Œ™š –™ ˆ šŒŽ”Œ•› ›Œ™Œ–S ž–šŒ Ž™ˆ— š
Š–”—–šŒ‹ – š›™ˆŽ›T“•Œ šŒŠ›–•šU p› š ˆ —ŒŠŒžšŒT‹Œ•Œ‹ œ•Š›–•S
ŒˆŠ – ž–šŒ —ŒŠŒš š ˆ• ˆ•Œ œ•Š›–•U
lŸˆ”—“ŒT

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

XU j–•›™ˆš›Gš›™Œ›Š•Ž
• v•Œ – ›Œ š”—“Œš› —ŒŠŒžšŒ “•Œˆ™ œ•Š›–•š š ˆ
Š–•›™ˆš›Tš›™Œ›Š•Ž ›™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•U
• {Œ ‹Œˆ ‰Œ•‹ Š–•›™ˆš› š›™Œ›Š•Ž š ›– •Š™ŒˆšŒ ›Œ
‹ •ˆ”Š ™ˆ•ŽŒ – ›Œ Ž™ˆ  “ŒŒ“š • ›Œ ”ˆŽŒ ‰Œ•Ž
—™–ŠŒššŒ‹U
• Contrast stretching (also called Normalization) attempts to improve an image
by stretching the range of intensity values it contains to make full use of
possible values. Unlike histogram equalization, contrast stretching is
restricted to a linear mapping of input to output values.
Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul
(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

XU j–•›™ˆš›Gš›™Œ›Š•Ž

ŽOŸS PGdGsXGGOŸS PGcG›XS
sYGG ›XcOŸS Pc›YS
sZGG OŸS PGe›YS

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

XU j–•›™ˆš›Gš›™Œ›Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

XU j–•›™ˆš›Gš›™Œ›Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š
YUGn™ˆ T“ŒŒ“Gš“Š•Ž
• oŽ“Ž›•Ž ˆ š—ŒŠŠ ™ˆ•ŽŒ – Ž™ˆ  “ŒŒ“š • ˆ• ”ˆŽŒ –›Œ• š
‹Œš™Œ‹U
• {Œ™Œ ˆ™Œ šŒŒ™ˆ“ žˆ š – ‹–•Ž “ŒŒ“ š“Š•ŽS ‰œ› ”–š› – ›Œ” ˆ™Œ
ˆ™ˆ›–•š – ›ž– ‰ˆšŠ ›Œ”ŒšU
• v•Œ ˆ——™–ˆŠ š ›– ‹š—“ˆ  ˆ Ž ˆ“œŒ –™ ˆ““ Ž™ˆ  “ŒŒ“š • ›Œ
™ˆ•ŽŒ – •›Œ™Œš› ˆ•‹ ˆ “–ž ˆ“œŒ –™ ˆ““ –›Œ™ Ž™ˆ  “ŒŒ“šU
Grey level slicing is equivalent to band pass filtering. It manipulates group of
intensity levels in an image up to specific range by diminishing rest or by leaving them alone.
This transformation is applicable in medical images and satellite images such as X-ray flaws, CT
scan
Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul
(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š
YUGn™ˆ T“ŒŒ“Gš“Š•Ž
• oŽ“Ž›•Ž ˆ š—ŒŠŠ ™ˆ•ŽŒ – Ž™ˆ  “ŒŒ“š • ˆ• ”ˆŽŒ –›Œ• š
‹Œš™Œ‹U
• {Œ™Œ ˆ™Œ šŒŒ™ˆ“ žˆ š – ‹–•Ž “ŒŒ“ š“Š•ŽS ‰œ› ”–š› – ›Œ” ˆ™Œ
ˆ™ˆ›–•š – ›ž– ‰ˆšŠ ›Œ”ŒšU
• v•Œ ˆ——™–ˆŠ š ›– ‹š—“ˆ  ˆ Ž ˆ“œŒ –™ ˆ““ Ž™ˆ  “ŒŒ“š • ›Œ
™ˆ•ŽŒ – •›Œ™Œš› ˆ•‹ ˆ “–ž ˆ“œŒ –™ ˆ““ –›Œ™ Ž™ˆ  “ŒŒ“šU
Grey level slicing is equivalent to band pass filtering. It manipulates group of
intensity levels in an image up to specific range by diminishing rest or by leaving them alone.
This transformation is applicable in medical images and satellite images such as X-ray flaws, CT
scan
Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul
(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

YUGn™ˆ T“ŒŒ“Gš“Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

YUGn™ˆ T“ŒŒ“Gš“Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

YUGn™ˆ T“ŒŒ“Gš“Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š
YUGn™ˆ T“ŒŒ“Gš“Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

ZUGi›T—“ˆ•ŒGš“Š•Ž
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›ŒGŠ–•›™‰œ›–•G”ˆ‹ŒG›–G›–›ˆ“G”ˆŽŒGˆ——Œˆ™ˆ•ŠŒG‰ G
š—ŒŠŠG‰›šG”Ž›G‰ŒG‹Œš™Œ‹U
• zœ——–šŒG›ˆ›GŒˆŠG—ŸŒ“G•Gˆ•G”ˆŽŒGšG™Œ—™ŒšŒ•›Œ‹G‰ G
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• p”ˆŽ•ŒG›ˆ›G›ŒG”ˆŽŒGšGŠ–”—–šŒ‹G–GŒŽ›GXT‰›G
—“ˆ•ŒšSG™ˆ•Ž•ŽG™–”G‰›T—“ˆ•ŒGWSG›ŒG“Œˆš›GšŽ•Šˆ•›G
‰›G›–G‰›T—“ˆ•ŒG^SG›ŒG”–š›GšŽ•Šˆ•›G‰›U
Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul
(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

ZUGi›T—“ˆ•ŒGš“Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

ZUGi›T—“ˆ•ŒGš“Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)
wŒŠŒžšŒTs•Œˆ™G{™ˆ•š–™”ˆ›–•Gmœ•Š›–•š

ZUGi›T—“ˆ•ŒGš“Š•Ž

Complied By : Prof. Robinson Paul

(robinson.paul@bvmengineering.ac.in)