A colonial mentality is the internalized attitude of ethnic or cultural inferiority felt by people as a result

of colonization, i.e. them being colonized by another group.[1] It corresponds with the belief that the
cultural values of the colonizer are inherently superior to one's own.[2] The term has been used
by postcolonial scholars to discuss the transgenerational effects of colonialism present in former
colonies following decolonization.[3][4] It is commonly used as an operational concept for framing
ideological domination in historical colonial experiences.[5][6] In psychology colonial mentality has
been used to explain instances of collective depression, anxiety, and other widespread mental
health issues in populations that have experienced colonization.[7][8]

Notable Marxist influences on the postcolonial concept of colonial mentality include Frantz

Fanon's works on the fracturing of the colonial psyche through Western cultural domination,[9] as well
as the concept of cultural hegemony developed by Italian Communist Party Founder Antonio Gramsci.
[10]

Parity rights
The Bell Trade Act of 1946, also known as the Philippine Trade Act, was an act passed by the United
States Congress specifying policy governing trade between the Philippines and the United States
following independence of the Philippines from the United States.[1][2]The United States Congress
offered $800 million for post World War II rebuilding funds if the Bell Trade Act was ratified by
the Philippine Congress. The specifics of the act required the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines be
amended. The Philippine Congress approved the measure on July 2, two days before independence
from the United States of America, and on September 18, 1946 approved a plebiscite to amend
the Constitution of the Philippines.