Uninterruptable Power supply

(UPS)

By
GouharMehmood
RegNo. 21p2-315001
Supervisor
Engr. Basit

DEPARTMENT OF B-TECH, PRESTON UNIVERSITY

KOHAT CAMPUS

May, 2019

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 Analysis and Design Uninterruptable Power supply
(UPS)
A study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

B.TECH Electrical Engineering

By

GouharMehmood
RegNo. 21p2-315001

Thesis Supervisor

_______________________
Engr. Basit
Electrical Engineering Department
Preston University Kohat Campus

Members of Examination Committee

_______________________ _______________________
Examiner 1
To be decided

Head of Department

____________________________
Engr. Asad Sami
Electrical Engineering Department
Preston University Kohat

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 ABSTRACT

The final year project is one of the necessities for the completion of B.Tech degree.
The project is essentially the submission of knowledge which we grown during 4
years of B.Tech degree.

I have encouraged to done my final year project on making UPS model. As it is

a very immensely and locally used device and I assumed that it will be supportive
for me in our prospect. In this project I have make the Uninterruptable power
supply (UPS), which is a device that gives electricity when main power fails or
when the main supply off. It converts A.C to D.C and invert D.C to A.C. It is not
only act as an emergency power source for the appliances, It serves to resolve
common power problems too. It also provides protection from power surges.

Key words: Contorl circuit module, module,transforner.

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 UNDERTAKING

I certify that research work titled “Analysis and Design Uninterruptable Power
supply (UPS)”is my own work. The work has not been presented elsewhere for
assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly
acknowledged / referred.

Signature

Gouhar Mehmood

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

While submitting this report we would like to whole heartedly express our honest
appreciation to our research supervisor MR. ENGR BASIT For his liberal
supervision and inspiring us during the passage of the study. We also like to thank
the faculty of Civil Engineering Department at the Preston University Kohat.
We are really obliged to MR.ASAD SAMI (Head of The Department) who
provided us his full support for completing this work.
Lastly we desire to present our exceptional appreciation to our families for their
limitless patience and backing throughout our entire lifetime.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... 3
UNDERTAKING ........................................................................................................................... 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................. 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER 1: .................................................................................................................................. 8
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 8
Working: ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Types of UPS: ............................................................................................................................... 10
1. Stand by UPS (Offline UPS): ......................................................................................... 10

2. Online UPS:.................................................................................................................... 11

3. Line interactive UPS: ..................................................................................................... 12

CHAPTER 2: ................................................................................................................................ 14
INTERNAL SYSTEM OF UPS ................................................................................................... 14
Parts of UPS: ................................................................................................................................. 14
1. Control and Module circuit: ........................................................................................... 15

2. Module ........................................................................................................................... 16

3. Battery: ........................................................................................................................... 18

Components of UPS:..................................................................................................................... 18
1. LEDS (light emitting diodes): ........................................................................................ 19

2. Switch:............................................................................................................................ 19

3. Socket: ............................................................................................................................ 19

4. Fuses: .......................................................................................................................... 20

5. Fan: ............................................................................................................................. 20

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 6. Two pin shoe: ............................................................................................................. 20

7. Flexible wires ............................................................................................................. 20

8. Voltmeter: ................................................................................................................... 21

CHAPTER 3: ................................................................................................................................ 22
METHODOLOGY, MAKING, RESULTS.................................................................................. 22
AND .............................................................................................................................................. 22
IMPLICATION, USES ................................................................................................................. 22
Methodology: ................................................................................................................................ 23
Making: 23
Parts Used in Construction of UPS: .............................................................................................. 23
Components: ................................................................................................................................. 24

Results:……………...................................................................................................................... 27
Uses and Implications ................................................................................................................... 27
References: .................................................................................................................................... 28

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 CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION

Uninterruptable means unstoppable. UPS is the abbreviation of

uninterruptable power supply. It is the device that gives supply to electrical
equipment’s a fixed amount of time without stopping, when there are problem
occurring in main supply or load shading. In other words it is a device that
gives electricity to devices when main power fails or main supplies off.
In this present-day highly information-orientated society, it used in many
industries, including manufacturing services, medical, operate on network and
also in home. The importance of UPS is to provide the electricity in the absence
of supply. It converts A.C to D.C power supply. It also inverts D.C to A.C
supply. It is not only act as an emergency power source for the appliances; It
serves to resolve common power problems too. A good UPS system requires
not only excellent steady state performances in terms of voltage converting or
inverting, but also a fast transient response during load step change, ups is easy
to understand, and also easy in its construction.

The image of Ups is given below:

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 Error! Reference source not found. Overall image of UPS [1]

For example if we work on computer or other electrical devices, during

working the supply cut off or main supply off. By this reason our work will be
stopped, we want that our work will not stopped in the absences of supply. To
handle this problem we use UPS, that gives us supply in the absence of supply. It is
very useful device that make our work easier and time saving. It may be easily
repaired in case of disorder. It operates when the supply cut off, the system will
pick up the load and continue to provide power to the load in seconds until the
supply has returned. It automatically operates in second and gives supply to the
equipment’s when main supplies off. When main supply returned it will
automatically off and starts charging.

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Working:

UPS work when supply cut off or main supply off, it takes a time in seconds to
operate or to give supply to electrical equipment’s. In UPS converter and inverter
are engaged in module and circuit that convert A.C to D.C in the presence of
supply for charging batteries and invert D.C to A.C in the absence of main supply.
In conversion it converts 220V to 12V for batteries and in inversion it inverts 12V
to 220V for giving supply to equipment’s in the absence of main supply.

Types of UPS:

1. Stand by UPS (Offline UPS)

2. Online UPS
3. Line interactive UPS

1. Stand by UPS (Offline UPS):

It is the type of UPS, it is also called offline UPS.

It gives supply when the main supply fails. It gives not exact 220V supply in
output and it use in home.

The block diagram ofstand by UPS (Offline UPS)is given below.

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 Figure 2 Stand by UPS (Offline UPS) [2]

2. Online UPS:

It is the type of UPS that gives exact power that amount we need 220V,it
means that we need 220V, it gives 220V in output. In online UPS the battery
engaged inside. It is directly connected with computer. It use for office work.

The block diagram of online UPS is given below.

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 Figure 3 Online UPS [3]

3. Line interactive UPS:

This type of UPS sits between Offline and Online UPS. It

is act like Offline UPS. It is used in industries.

The block diagram of line interactive UPS are given below.

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Figure 4 Line interactive UPS [4]

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 CHAPTER 2:

INTERNAL SYSTEM OF UPS

Uninterruptable power supply (UPS) is a device that gives electricity in the

absence of main supply. In this chapter I explain the internal system of Ups. In
UPS four main parts control and module circuit, module, transformer, Battery.
With these three parts it can be able to convert A.C to D.Cand invert D.C to
A.C.

Parts of UPS:

There are four main parts of UPS.

1. Control and module circuit
2. Module
3. Transformer
4. Battery

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 1. Control and Module circuit:

This is the main part of UPS that has ability to take decision and order to the
other circuit what to do? It means that it control all the function of UPS. It
tells to more circuits what will do in the situation of presence of power
supply and absence of power supply. The block diagram of Control and
module circuit is given below.

Figure 5 Control and Module circuit [5]

In this cicuit there are different electronic devices are engaged in circuit. Such as
Transistor is a device that is used to control a larger current by using a smaller
current for operation, Capacitor is a device which stores energy commonly used for
filtering out voltage spikes, Transformer is device that convert high voltage into
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low or low voltage into high, diodeis a that will allow current to pass through itself
in one direction only, led ports are use for leds lights (led means light emitting
diode, flixable wire ports are use for connection of different circuits and
components, adjustable screws are use for adjusting of current,output
voltages,charging etc.

2. Module

This circuit is connected with Control and Module circuit. It carries order from
control circuit and takes an action on it. It has the ability to convert A.C to D.C and
invert D.C to A.C. The block diagram of UPS is given below.

Figure 6 Structure of Module [6]

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In this circuit has too different devices such as transistor attached with aluminium
rods, resistor that presents a resistor to current flow, negative cable port that are
connected with only negative terminal of battery.

3. Transformer
It is a device that converts high voltage into low voltage and low voltage into high.
It has two types,
1. Step up transformer
2. Step down transformer
The block diagram of transformer is given below.

Figure 7 Structure of transformer [7]

In UPS the transformer has both features such as step up and step down. It
steps up voltages when the supply is absent and it steps down when supply is

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 present. It works on the principles of mutual induction (it is a process when
changing current in one coil induces voltage in a second coil).

4. Battery:

A group of two or more cells connected together to provide electrical current.

Sometimes it also used to describe a single cell which converts chemical energy
to electrical energy, or the device that stores electricity by means of chemical
process.
The picture of battery are given below,

Figure 8 Battery [8]

Components of UPS:

There are different components of UPS which are given below,

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 1. LEDS (light emitting diodes)
2. Switch
3. Socket
4. Fuses
5. Fan
6. Two pin shoe
7. Flexible wires

1. LEDS (light emitting diodes):

These are semiconductor device that produce light. In UPS these LEDS are
used for showing charging point and for showing main, UPS, charging, full,
trip. In UPS there are ten LEDs use.

2. Switch:

It is devices that closes and open the circuit. In UPS it is use to on

and off the circuit.

3. Socket:
It is a device that gives supply to the equipment‘s or gives output. In
UPS it gives output.

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4. Fuses:

It is a safety device for an electrical circuit. It is consists of a single

copper or silver wire or a thin metal strip encased in glass. When short-
circuit or over load current occur the wire or metal strip break and save
our circuit. In UPS thin metal strip encased in glass.

5. Fan:

It is device that produces air. In UPS the fan is use for cooling of module.

6. Two pin shoe:

It is use for giving supply to equipment’s. It is use for giving input to

UPS.

7. Flexible wires:

These flexible cables use for connection between different circuits in

UPS.

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8. Voltmeter:

It is a device that is used for measuring voltage. In UPS we use

voltmeter for measuring output voltage[10].

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CHAPTER 3:

METHODOLOGY, MAKING, RESULTS

AND
IMPLICATION, USES

In this chapter I will explain methodology of UPS, what type of method

use for the UPS, about its result what type of voltage it gives in output,
and its expected outcome and implication what type of work we take
from this UPS and its uses how can we use UPS. These five topics are
very necessary for very project because we learn about its methodology
of project that how this project works, it’s making process how can we
make this project, its results mean how can we operate this project and
what is the results of this project, it’s expected outcome and implication
that what type of work we take from this project and its uses how can it
useful for us.

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Methodology

Methodology is the process that to know what is method of this project to operate.
The methodology of UPS is first we take a UPS with battery, second took its
positive (+ve) and negative (-ve) leads and attached them with battery terminals
(positive and negative terminal). Then take UPS charging lead and plug it into
power plug. Now on the plug the UPS will begin the charging. In the process of
charging it converts A.C to D.C in the presence supply. If the battery will charged
it will show by leds. If the main supply off it will operate and inverts D.C to A.C.
This is the methodology of UPS. It operate when the main supply off, it gives
220V in output and if the supply is on it will store charge in the battery and it will
gives 12V to the battery.

Making

Parts Used in Construction of UPS

In the construction of UPS there are three main parts

(1) Control and Module Circuit
(2) Module
(3) Transformer

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 Control and Module Circuit is the main part of UPS that controls all of its
functions. Module is a converter which can be used to converts A.C to D.C and
also use as an inverter which can inverts D.C to A.C.
Transformer is a voltage converter which converts high voltage into low voltage
and low voltage into high voltage. In UPS we use transformer having both the
features of voltage conversion.

Components

There are eight main components used in UPS.

(1) LEDS (light emitting diodes)
(2) Switch
(3) Socket
(4) Fuses
(5) Fan
(6) Two pin shoe
(7) Flexible wires
(8) Voltmeter

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Construction:

In construction of UPS, first take the wooden ply board and

also take the control and module circuit, module and transformer and fixed all
these parts on the wooden ply board by using screw and nut bolt.

Take all the seven components (that are LEDs (light emitting diodes), Switch,
Socket, Fuses, Fan, Two pin shoe, Voltmeter) and also fixed these components on
the ply board. Now connect all the parts and components with flexible wires.

In control and module circuit, first take the 0V wire from the transformer and
connect it with the N (neutral) port or connector, and then take the second wire
(charging transformer wire) and connect it with the circuit charging connector.
Now take 260V wire and connect it with circuit invertor port, then take a shoe
phase wire (used as giving input to UPS) to connect with circuit LINE (L), after
that take neutral shoe wire to connect with circuit N(neutral) port, then take three
pin socket phase wire and connect with circuit out port, then again take neutral
wire and connect it with neutral flexible wire of shoe.

Now take switch wires and connect these wires with SW port. Now in fixing LEDs
put LEDs in LEDs ports.

Now take fan wires and connect these wires in positive and negative fan circuit
ports.

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Then take B1,B2,-VE wires from module ports and connect with control and
module circuit B1,B2,-VE ports. Take a +VE wire from control and module circuit
port and connect with the +VE lead of UPS.

Now take a two 12V of wires from transformer and connect with module
aluminum rods. Then take a –VE wire from –VE port of module and connect
directly with battery –VE terminal. In last step take a +VE lead from transformer
and connect it directly with battery +VE terminal.
The internal structure of the UPS is given below.

Figure 9 Internal Structures of UPS [9]

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Results:

Total Voltage Total current Total Power or load

Input A.C 220V convert Input 0.01 0.0008W
in 12V D.C
Output 220V Output 300W

Total Load or Power of UPS:

The UPS that whose prepared by me is 500W which
can pick 300W load from Output by two fans (each fan takes 100W power) and 4
energy sever (each energy sever takes 25W power).
Uses and Implications:

 It is very useful device when working on different electrical devices.

 It will help as in emergency.

 It is easy to install.

 It is more reliable and easy to use.

 It is used for office work.

 It’s also used in industries.

 It has no power loss.

 It’s not too much expensive.

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References:

[1] www.aps.com

[2] www.completePowerelectronics.com

[3] www.electrical4u.net/difference/top-10-difference-between-online-ups-and-
offline-ups

[4] www.must.com

[5] How to make 1000V ups from kiyani’s lab

[6] How to make 1000V ups from kiyani’s lab

[7] How to make 1000V ups from kiyani’s lab

[8] www.walmart.com/ip/valuepower-lead-acid-automotive-battery-group-
65/47308796

[9] How to make 1000V ups from kiyani’s lab

[10] Electrical dictionary written by William penn.

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