Ce Manipulation and digitalediting (2) BD's Creative Series Boece: Photo Take your images to eda 440 LUO power of Photoshop iL 772050) yas Net TA cue 75 Cee iC ieee out Pye Aa RYT AR ly ll el] P& 397003!Discover more of our Complete Manuals today... & Ss 1 ete eee Ey La a Manual go The Complete Android Manual VeTate FIqr MA) O¢() iT aRs DS ae ccd CP eed Re a ee Dee ae a ey er ko ccd cs De eee ae ea Coe eee ene Snr ere ed er hes et ee rd the most out of your digital photographs, create stunning, Ce us ‘exactly what photo editing can do for you! ees Fy“4 CONTENTS PHOTOSHOP FOR PHOTOGRAPHERS Getting Started Main Interface Healing Brush Tools Menus ‘The Clone Stamp Too! ‘The Toolbar Brushes, Pencil and Eraser Keyboard Shortcuts Paint Bucket and Gradient Fill Selection Tools The Pen Tool and Paths Learning Basic Editing Techniques Making Selections Cropping and Resizing Modifying Selections Quick Mask Mode Using Layers Using Layer Masks Adjustment Layers Content-Aware Fill and Scale Curves and Levels50 Building Your Photo Editing Skills EB Adjusting Exposure Correcting Lens Distortion Colour Correction 1 Panorama Stitching Contrast and Saturation Colour Replacement EB) Adding a Graduated Filter Soft Focus Technique What is Raw Mode? Processing Raw Files Photo Editing Projects EX) Sky Swapping Technique Hd Photoshop 3D Tools Fire Effects [EB] Photoshop Caricatures HDR Processing FEE Exposure Blending EZ] The Waterline Effect o Collodion Portraits [EB Enhancing Landscapes Photoshop Photographers Ns Create Series Photoshop for Photographers ‘hme eteen ISSN 20503970 ie Back Dog Mea Lined BOND eve Eto James Gale Foaston a Orctor Ma Ares Presson aap Ya Una maeeml a Bavaro Seecineanenton Wal cence nvmete ss PrteneotorPetogaanies 5[ad] Black Dog Media 'Download Your Free Media Resources Download everything you need to help build on the amazing and essential skills you will learn in this unbeatable new publication. s you work through the publication you will discover J a vast array of new techniques and skills to learn and embrace as you build your knowledge base. To support you to the fullest, BDM Publications have compiled this exclusive media download so you can work alongside our expert team with our step-by-step guides. After all the easiest way to learn is to do. To take full advantage of this 100% exclusive offer for all readers of this publication, you simply need to download these essential free 3 resources. To do this, just visit us at: b> ‘Then yu vl ned to register login and ally select titi fom the listings to begin your download. Downloading this excellent ital ‘content sthe very best way to get the mos fom this amazing publication, These fils give you complete access tothe very same content that ProostootoPrteauhes 7CaM) I You've taken your first step into a larger Par Ss pouetateeaunitecssttaremtonlagd Ce ep ay ere eter errr erent mre mene meer os Co and quaifeations in advanced Photoshop use, and accreditation programmes for professional Cen EC nC ee EGR Cn ng peer erent ne re enn ont nit ia et nett eee ae eTGETTING STARTED [io MVE fi: Bestar Ce en eur BB menus BB Healing Brush Tools [2c MAO ace ee ud BB TheClonestampToo! J The Pen Tool and Paths 4 eee)fa MAIN INTERFACE Main Interface Photoshop has a great looking interface, with a dark slate grey work area, slightly lighter menu and palette bars and sharp white text. It looks great and really makes photos stand out from the background. Let's take a look at what it has to offer. Menu Bar You's tin al the opt Fad on for more deta Tool Palette Here you'l nd your main exiting Tool Option Bar For each tol on the palette there fre options, such as brush siz softness You'l find them int Tabbed Document Window Active Image re youll nd the comressed anc The new intertace corres Document Details ere eat your document area to work on y 10 &MAIN INTERFACE a Palettes Workspace Option Tee ae a numer of interchangeable patios svolebie, wich you can oes fromthe Winco menu chee workspace arrangements, including user options to acourataly between pre-set Sn your image, and ‘rag guidelines from here o help line up text and layers. Fly-out Palettes Layer Palette Layer Options You cansetupyeuromcision Hee you fn the jer of Here you con a (stot aut woes pt the mage yute cae tnd ter opto to your andaccostemtyclekngon ——_warkngon sete ler tres baton, "rr ees) ‘por 2 ee eatac) en ocumant, Ope... pen an eee een ate eters ed ee ee peer tenet Layer Type Select Fiter cre tetas Stole rT Set areal eed earner ti) paeoe eee ee ee Seer ee ne ry ro 5 eT mses yee) ec Caer emnS TS par ern mS er coo ros Coahien fone) iS eed you come to make changes tothe whale image ccna Fronrermrrincn rey Petey rey Ca ais eer eee Peete ate ented eed Cece yesh iS aes ayer Mak 2 ‘art bets 5 Layers ar a vital fea of Feed eon ce eee eee Pere eae os eer One look at the menus and you bree RM ees elit Maile cere) ed Cre aR La ‘The main interface of Photoshop has no fewer than eleven menus, each with a dozen or more options, and with Ee ec eet ee ee ee eee Cer ce because once you know where to look for everything you'll be able to work more quickly, efficiently and confidently.ot eyo a7 Thelen ot Lewoieeiny ieee ea etree repens peeeehmenrien paeatee or ed Oe aig oan Cee eet ronercn as any ee eniety eee ao Cet teetering Te Sees ees ees coer ert ares ATT lea Seed eet eens aeonsTHE TOOLBAR The Toolbar Let’s take a look at Photoshop’s main editing tools the main oloments of the Photoshop right at home with the latest version. customised via a link in the Edit menu, Toolbar haven't changed all that In common with provious versions, but of the default keys, among the much since the introduction of Layers most of the tools have alternate ‘most usoful are “C" for the Crop tool, and the Move tool with version 3.0, options, denoted by a small arrow “MI” for Marquee selection tool, and back in 1994, The shape has changed in the bottom right corner of the “E" for the Eraser. 8 bit, elongating into a single column tool icon. Click and hold on any tool _—_—Over the following pages we'll to take advantage of today's lar F Bearing this mark to see a pop-up __—look in more detail at what these monitors, and a few more tools have menu showing the other options that tools can do and how they should be been added over the years, but anyone are availabl Most of the tools can _used, but for now here's a quick run- familiar with any previous also be selected by using a hotkey down of what you have a version of Photoshop will soon feel _ shortcut. These shortcuts can be the Toolbar. ove anouee Marquee sso aie WAND coor EYEDROPPER SPOT HEALING BRUSH Lowe STAMP HISTORY BRUSH ERASER GRADIENT sMuogE urn en V9 PATH SELECTION tne i) 00m SMnTCH COLOUR SET COLOUR (uk MASK MODE SCREEN MODE Move CSSSEIRSSSas, Magic Wand Marquee The Marquee used to aot an aa ot the atv ye Ato opto kia 2 slip shae ard sng ron or alum sactens. Eyedropper Sores osteo with ante youore abot re rage you" Lasso ‘ean tel aroun ats aniage ‘The Lasoo une to make ae ‘etection tem he activa lye, but a ‘ime the shape canbe regula, rarksc 04 by clekng ordain ar around the ta tobe ealactn Most of the tools in the toolbar have alternative options, denoted by the small arrow below and right of the icon. Click {and hold on the icon to see the pop-up alternative menu. This Peo ene eee eee Ee 14 poweCeahsats | ce Earn Crop Te Gop tlhe seo ami ttn Proton 8 tt tl oe es ane po. Uo scene ne centage Spot Healing eter oats sen sae hangs ‘he ne vr he eter tei trvencrrganel anes a ny farce omy rages Path Selection Pan ar ute for any purposes n Photoop, Use th ol aris atematie 1 sect path 1 soGradient “he Grace tol can apply aint a cathe fades racy fem one colour 10 nce, tema court a vanspareey, Brush “The Buh oo neo he mest base ans root eo typos of mage extn, panting ar craving Ateraties nc re ual ues Fel 0, a wl 23 eur rplcamert and cour ming “Tho Sourgo too along wih ts atoratves the Bu and Srapen tons, canbe used to ena er ater cleus ard tas smal Clone Stamp seq to rest ponent Poses rranyooe teow Sep wore fusngine power ote Gore Sar! correse'e gurery pena Burn ‘um, ands atematnes Dxge an ‘Spore, ae based on ptotoreptic ‘arom fechriques, and ae eet ‘alot ghen, akan or desta sent ros oe og. History Brush Und cretn vn ts Horo terion Brot cn beeen nec ‘previous state t's usaf if you're making a {ot of changes to an image. Pen The Posed ew set ores briecermectra unpemenre rode ore resus Eraser Aste nemo, the Ere toot specal bus that can dete an ea ot an mage, layer or selton Type remo ara ona ron Cost tron poole poeta THE TOOLBAR oectyn Ptosnep wirout te ne or anyother regan. Line ‘The Lnetoalanditsatematvs are ued to create shapos and pats on yur rage. iis vary us fox gapties work, such as 833g aro and custom shapes Hand “The aro sect nave acand atergoimane. ie mest ofan i ts ‘tata ott, the spac bar Zoom “Ths ool simply ocr into an ara ofthe image. Again itis mos on used yaa ‘Souths case CTRL + or TAL Switch Colour Clekng ons swaps tha curent background caur ter the caret foreground clou. Set Colour Clckng here brrgs uo the colar chanser plot, which ts you chooso the foraroud or backaound caus Quick Mask mode UE iT InvoducedinProosnon csi, recuck ALT 9) Comps tos wna he ing and pantng tos. Screen Mode Cliches to ste between he curent server rode and a Muscven We of ProcstontoPotogaehes 15KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS Keyboard Shortcuts There’s always a quicker way of doing almost everything ne of Photoshop's best features is its hugt functions can be accessed quickly by pre: your workflow wi peed up immer Customising Shortcuts You" nd the keyboard shortcut preferences, ‘enw at the bottom of he Eat manu, although ‘natural it has own keyboard shortcut ‘AtuShiftCirsK, You fnd an exraustve fst fall Photoshop funtion, broken down into category headings matching the names ofthe main merus. Young that many operations 16 poWeCeahsats | ‘ready have their own deft shortcuts, You ccaneaaly change these, or evan ad your cn ‘ew ones. To aoply a shortcut to an operation, fist locate itn the Ist, and then clk in the spaceto the right ofthe name. Youll see a smal txt window appear, and the next kay oF Combination of keys that you press will appear Mi Sea ci aac tems ere here. he combination i ead used by ‘another shortcut you'l se anatfcaion warning you ofthis, ard asking i with the change. ityou click Accept the new shortcut mil be apoed immeciatly. Take care when making your own shortcuts that you don't ciently overnite sore uset deta. want to poetKEYBOARD SHORTCUTS A B Some Useful Default Shortcuts Here are sme ofthe mere commonly-used shortcuts for mage ecting, There ‘are mary more ofcourse, but t's worth taking the tme to memos these ones, they/l make your fe a whol ot ease. neaTe new bocuweNt PASTE FROM CLIPBOARD AS inven seecrion new Laven + ad J+ be) CREATE NEw LAYER FREE TRANSFORM CURRENT LAYER ZOOM NEW ns) + (pal + (os a+ (2 wj|+[s Lose cunneNr oocuMENT | LEVELS 200M OUT VW at a+ Lose aut oocuwents cunves FT on SonEEN a) + [aol + by) = a+L SVE cuRReNT DOCUMENT INGREASE BRUSH SIZE 100% 00m "a LiJ (oa) + La + ad) SAVES DECREASE BRUSH SZE WOW RULERS wal + |e +#/5 i unoorneDo BRING CURRENT LAYER TOTOP SHOW OR HD GRID atl co) + [nes + (ei | (nae + noo vast sreP MOVE CURRENT LAYER UP SHOW OR HDE GUIDES o|+| l+ 2 +| | wel *+ EDO LAST STEP MOVE CURRENT LAYER DOWN TURN SNAP ON OR OFF wa. + _j+ 2 a+ as + +[5 opr cum sevecron ory cust SELECT ALON CURRENTLAYER HELP wal + Le * ea a CuT CURRENT seuecTioN TO our cum DESELECT ALL Lea) Le} 2 Prtoneotorretogaates 17SELECTION TOOLS Selection Tools Photoshop provides multiple methods for isolating areas of your image 18 poWeCashsats | ihe ability to select discrete areas of an image and change them in isolation is fundamental to Photoshop editing, and to help with this there are many different ways ‘of making that selection. The most frequently used are the Marquee tools, which allow you easy x zo02jpg @ 227% (RGB/8) % Photoshop file Edit _Image__Layer Cea to solect regular shapes such as rectang! cllipses and lines. For irregular shap there are several Lasso tools, which let you ‘draw the area to be selected. For quicker selections there are the Magle Wand and, Quick Selection tools. Type Select Filter 3D anny ‘are common too! options for all of the salection tools. Tha frst row of four buttons are: New Solaction, which i the defaut setting; Add To Selection, which ccan also be activated temporary by holding down the Shit key; Subtract From Selection, also activated by the At key: and Intersect Selection, which selects only rom areas already selected “The next option is Feather, which softens the edge ofthe selection, Useful for gradual efacts. The edge ofthe selection can be furth adjusted by using the Refine Edge menu in O86 or Select and Mask In Photoshop CC, which uses sophisticated edge-detection techniques to automat around things lke fine hair oF blurted edges. eat &Rectangular Marquee Lets you make a selection of rectangur area of any sige or aspect ratio, Just ck and rag to the ht ‘828, Hold down the Sit ey fo ‘constian he slot oa square shapo, and wee the aro Kee 0 ‘move the selection aoa, Magnetic Lasso ‘Ths ol ses ge cetectonto tn to maton yur selection tthe cles of the stent nthe mage, ‘au sinpy awa reas cso as possi to what ou want. and ‘hou automaticaly snap te ede Unfortunate the ee sre rs ‘ftw comes thn the ecoe dtecton maya, so aga Ps toa s best uses ‘2 an approximation, or ory on very ‘hap high-contrast ces. Polygonal Lasso Possibly the most use slaction| tool the Plygona Lasso iets you ‘raw apant-t-pot Ina around your subj. Iean oly aw right Ios, but by ung very shor sections its posable soprosmate a cuved tne To daw ouved ines you nead to ue SELECTION TOOLS Single Column Marquee “Tis option reates a slot tut a Sng verical can of pl. Ts is ust for ting up ober sloctons 6 098 ta js it 10 Lasso “Tho Lares abode make rea select om the acti ye, ut bis tothe shape canbe regu marta out by coke or ong Ine autho a bo sect Magic Wand uss contrast dteton. es you brigttness, and by austing te select contg.ous areas, you can Use do things tke automaticaly select al the hyn your image ‘api i's onl toh under parle exeumstanoes, wih aie weak can Be avery ust to -B Elliptical Marquee This toa ets you crate a slacton of analiptcal shape of any 28 or proportion, As withthe rectangular marae, jst cfc ae crag tothe ee and shape yeunoed, and hot down the Shit key to caw a ci. you hol down tho A ky th tipo wl be cored en te starr pore. De Single Row Marquee “Wis the sae as Snge Gotnn Marque, but is time it sect a singe horizontal row o piel Quick Selection | newer to added in Photeshon (C33, ts tal ts yu pet a ‘secon, and ks he Magni Lasso It uses edge detecton to by to match the anlation othe nest ace in the mage. Agan i's ten ony an approximation, ana wil have probleme vith blared orlon contrat eas, but Idoes nave its uses, You can aast the a0 ofthe eelecton bach nthe sme way a you wou a painting bash, Prctneotorretognaties 19HEALING BRUSH TOOLS Healing Brush Tools Clean up minor blemishes, dust spots and stray hairs with the Healing Brush tools Ro nr ere Ped uno Pn to oa Healing Brush Tool “The Heaing Brush legacy rom older versions of Photoshop. does much the ‘same jb asthe Spot Heaing Brush, but is rather les sophisticated. works in much tha same way asthe Ce Samp todLToheal a bleish, you frst reed to sot a sample point by cicking on an area ‘of similar texture whi lcing down the ‘Altkey, then panting the sample over the blemish, Content Aware Move ‘The Content Aare Move too! was introduced in Photoshop CS6. The idea's that you can ‘ip da a selection around an object and then crag ito another place. The program ‘analyses the surrounding area and fis nthe ‘source witha matching texture. n practice the Contant Auere Move tools only ust in very spect croumstances, when the cht you want to movels surounded bya unr ‘ecu, You wil fed thatthe mare een the ital camera, your photos may - Maybe i's just a stray hair of an unwelcome skin blemish in a portrait, or maybe some dust has managed to get onto your sensor, causing dark spots on your photos. Whatever the reason, Sometimes you need to remove some small features from. your images, and the best tools for this are the Heal tools. There are five healing tools in Photoshop, which you can see if you click and hold on the Spot Healing Brush tool icon in the tool palette. ven with a modern have slight imperfectio Patch Tool ‘The Patch tools used for repeirng larger ‘areas. It can be used in one of v0 Ways: tether draw around the area you want fo replace and then drag the sample to an area of matching Gean texture, or samp fan area of lean texture and then drag it ‘over the part you want to replace. Here, a patch of masonry can be used to remove {damaged stonework. teture, the better he fal esut 20 Pow sCesb Ss | re ExtnHEALING BRUSH TOOLS f HEALED Red Eye Tool Spot Healing Brush Tool Fed Eye is caused by ight tom a camera For removing sail objects such as dust spots and stray has, ‘ach efecing of the blood vessels atthe he Spot Healing Brush isthe most useful and effective tool back the eye when the puis wie fat your disposal. In some cases, you can even remove large pen. I's posse to avai ity proper ‘bjacts and people. When you use it to paint aver an abject, ore ‘camera technique, but you tnditin one the brush samples the area around it and repiaces the object fala eer ery cf yourpocaits, Protoshop has a ick with a simuation of the background. The way that it samples ari enry bolo reroveit.Smpiycick | canbe selected, but by far the most efectve option is Content Adieu nual ‘on the ofencing redness an the too ‘Aware sampling. The brush parameters can be adjusted in Csiaseaheas! cee automaticaly remove it and piace it vith a ‘exactly the sare way as any other bn ‘mere raturaockhng tone, certs cn PrtstoptorPetoamahes 2a THE CLONE STAMP TOOL The Clone Stamp Tool Remove unwanted elements from your photos she Clone Stamp too! (also known as the remove unwanted elements such as dust spots, Clone Brush in some programs) is one of _skin blemishes, lens flare and other Intrusive the most useful items in your image editing objects from your pictures. Because the tool kit. Despite recent developments such as _process is entirely manual It can be very time- Photoshop's Spot Healing tool and Content- Consuming, but the results are often superior to ‘aware fil, it i stil the most pr ‘the output of the more modern automatic tools. way to retouch photographs, Sone Stamp works by copying (‘loning’ pixels ‘fom a selected target area and placing thorn over tho Unwanted objects. Using the Cione Stamp its relatively straightforward to remove even quite large unwanted ‘objects from a photo. Take this photo for example ara ‘The otherwise pleasant vilage shot spoled by the ‘birusive telephone wie inthe foreground. With 3wenty minutes using the Clone Stamp the wires hhave boon complatly removed, laving a much ricer picture: Above, Selec the Clone Brash tol “There ee sera options lo2| Sc, ERM | Soccer the po-st bh menu, lena you 12 stg progeas. 22. soMscestesoraeFermost Cone Stamp werken otograps a dau round, ot-2ged ‘aah the best ceie. ou can aust ‘hee using he dep-donn sider ret Fer the other cnt, frrtoutng hots ue a Nomal ending mode, ‘ad mck su ha Aled check box s ‘ho, The ovary asa deters ater he sain poi foe ‘hemoverartsf your brush cr remain inthe same locaton For most photo retuctng operators you vart have ‘he sample pit alana wth bah Thoth so that you nad pend on te sz oft photo youre ern wih but or the 1 meganaat cearrpe we ung here ped ‘laste a god place fo art You can uch he sz fhe bh ving thokayboard shots. he open art coe sae backatshays ‘ard. psy The Clone bash wor by KS saresraizs tom ore postion andeopyeg temover he pas at Pe ‘ust can, With the Alen oe centro Opto br crated tr sarglng abt wl low ha mavens othe ‘nah, ho ost be sree pte ot down te tay, aye ‘hecuter cenge'o acosstui Clk ‘is ae haem the mage coe thy. thn move the cursor ashot cdsiano aay. nFroahep C35 yon 26 preview of te samp pls _sapertrpocod ent bch poston To panties pial orto the image cok oan, Yu ae ht pon fhe Image tom re sample poston conte atte oxser eaten, By cau pstoig be sre targets othe area you ant cage youcan usualy match up the bckgyoure Sears cover th ‘cred pes, may ake en es get me postin exact ih, 208 Ne CH. hertz burda ay isaes. THE CLONE STAMP TOOL hour example mage te stot tdeprene res a gate dant ‘oackgound of dey at clouds. making tha eat any 0 coverup because there ale ary tat canbe copied oer ho wes. Whar nes ‘cee cea, uch ashe oto Daling in te top ght core of ar shet, amo crt aproach is nde By ronawing he sal poston \whenoir necessary, you can match eter areas of he bacecurto ‘coverup te et ott pat you wh twice. good idea to change the sete postin rout when ing ergo aes, because ctharwse a ropeti patio bus up wich is very cary to spatin fe trices pct, ‘compat unom eas 2h 28 ‘host. The tunan eels er good at epotra roost pat, isis -pocily mporant omer who mang ake news cares of ware nko sete ces, 0a Peters photographer dscoveed coupe ers ane "sds aod nochange the san yur bho werk runs fro cas, cero coverager as mae quik. Ao, 2oomeg nto 0 paver ake t ‘ero wot ont deta. The tat robot shorts for zen in srk wOTRL + -@nd CTRL = Insome ares, necessary FOZ to canst cette by coping ‘009 of the image that esankie tho dott that you aro tomer to replce. Inthe cas oto wires ‘evesig te hy, by pastoning the sample target otra cos aoa ct ture above or blow he wi, you ‘ean ait sy to ovr your wre, removing thom for the scone. ty bofoko, but ures the parser vowing ‘the mage has seen the origina hey noverknow the francs, GETTING STARTED Uke whee the we touches the rot, by copying par ofthe feof he oot and ey we can reste now eae f0 Coverup te wr, Because of te stat, geomet rate of be shape, oe pat of ho edge ofthe ost looks much he the thr sagan the Ison wt be cerning fo anyone ening the image. ‘ero the wes oss te yn the background, he sei nature of tho background werk ou achartage, AS long asthe shacrgis the same, ene area fy oaks much ks anche, so we can se any net area to cove ver the wees. Agitisinportant to change tho poston of th samp target regury ‘0 oi buling up easy recognised repeating patos. Gennes ‘us200n wer et tee to gan oval impressonofhow te ie ptr ks. Fee tat the parson vowing te triste image has babi nat nen thecal, slong stoi conincing t doesn ned 0 ‘totaly pret. a t00 625 at ‘bagged aon rg to in ry tas, hori far quick and ase to cheat ali enc inp elace them wih pl lnackgeound, Ty to balnoo the amour of tre takes 0 doco the mage wth the quaty of ne resus. tna le ying uo Hie ay remaning terishes or dupested ‘tal, thats prety much, andthe resutisa very presentable rdscape stot minus the rein wes, You can nis ecnique or ray rings, toon bhng embarassing ts, ols that ro that aks he ite ging onto he top cf somecnes head, or mia ‘hose fanty meres the elev t Isaming to puta toe end winan terse prfoct emer! ere ProcstontoPotogaehes 23BRUSHES, PENCIL AND ERASER Brushes, Pencil and Eraser Photoshop has many tools to help you create images as well as edit them Ithough it is primarily designed and best known as an image editing program, Photoshop also offers a ran ‘adapting existing image: The Brush Tool The most useful drawing implement i the Brush (keyboard shortcut 8}, which ie a mutt purpose too! that can emulate almost any type of drawing tool imaginable, be it a fine pencil, a fattip marker pen, a soft-brsto. brush, an airsrush, or anything in batwoon. The Brush too! has recelved a major upgrade ‘or version C86, and now has The Pencil Tool of versatile tools, allowing you to create original artwork as well as ‘more options and more pre-sets than ever before, giving you unparalleled varsatity for ereating ‘your own masterpieces. ‘You select the Brush tool by Cicking on its icon in the tool paloto, but to got the most out ‘fit you need to open the new Brush palette by clicking on the tle folder-shaped icon inthe ‘options bar, The Pencil tool used to be a separate Item from the Brush too, but with radical ‘expansion ofthe Brush in Photoshop to Include simulations of numerous types of peor the Pencil tool itself now i just a Variation of the Brush too, and uses the same options palette. I's not without its uses though, The Penci can be used as 1 secondary brush, which can save time ‘swapping between pre-sets, and can also be Used to apply a stroke to work paths. 24, boNsCstvaSetes | ere ronWhen you take a look at the ‘pew Brush Options palette you'llbe blown away by just how customisable it. You can agfust the shape of the brush tp, the density, length, thickness, stifness and angle of the brush bristles, ae adjust or disable brush spacing. As well 2 ti there are many more options, allowing you to ade random tering, noise, texture, wet 20g@ simulation, aibrush-tke BRUSHES, PENCIL AND ERASER There are pre-set brushes 10 simulate aiorushes, pastel crayons, big sft bushes, small stiff ists, pencs, felt pens, sponges, and even tempiate brushes fo quickly draw grass (or leaves. Te options and ‘adjustments can be appled to pre sel brushes, so you can customise ‘hem for your own ns ‘As well as options for the ‘appearance and texture of the brush, there are also options for ovr itinterects withthe Many people wl se Photoshop with a pen and tablet device, such ‘a the Wacom intuos 4 shown hore. The Brush uses ‘ntons for pen tablet users, such as allowing pen pressure to control cther brush size 100 in build-up, and b It this degree of control is too time-consuming there re also are called Blend Modes, and you or opacity. layer that you paint on. These fozens of pre-set brushes, a simall sample of which you can see in the piture to the right. ‘can choose which one to use by Clicking on the Modes button in the tool options bar “The Eraser tol (keyboard shortcut Ee a soeciaised variation onthe brush tol, ane uses the same palette options. It ies fom the standard brush in that can render nbels from a ayer transparent, lowing the layer beneath to show through, I used onthe bbackeyound layer pans n whatever the curent background colour is sett, ’As wal asthe Brush palate options, the Eraser also has tool options incucing Opacity, Fw, and ane unique one, Erase to History, vihich can be used in ecrjunction with the History palette to selectively undo changes in layers, The Mode optons for the Eraser are Brush, Pencl or Block, which i a smal square shaped eraser of ed size and ful ovat. Thare are two other Eraser options avalable Ifyou cick and hold on the Eraser tool Background Erasor can, as the name Suagest, ‘erase parts ofthe background, butt does this by convening the background int a tye Magic Eraser simply combines the Magic Wand tool withthe Eraser tol, and selectively erases Procsteotrretognete 25a PAINT BUCKET & GRADIENT FILL Paint Bucket & Gradient Fill layers and selections with colours, textures and gradients ne very useful facility that Photoshop provides is the Gradient tool. It can fill an area of a layer with a gradual blend between multiple colours. You ‘can choose from a selection of pre-set gradient fills or create 26 ome your own. It's a great way to add ‘gradient filters for enhancing photographs, or to create effects such as vignettes and centre ‘spot soft-focus. Let's take a ‘loser look at how it works. You'll find the Gradient tool about halfway down the Tool Palette. It has its own unique set of options in the Tool Options bar, the main one being the Gradient Picker, which lets you choose from alist of pro-set gradients.PAINT BUCKET & GRADIENT FILL jopCC File Edit Image Layer Geass Next to thes isa row of buttons that crate dfernt Uke the Brush tocs the Graciont has blend modes that ‘radent shapes. The default setng sa straight near let you mix tha gradient colour filth tha layer blew it ‘gractent, but other options incude Rada, Arak, invarous ways. Tiss a great way fo enhance sunset Feflected and Diamond shapes. landscape shots, by usng an orangeto-transparent ‘gfadent fin muti mode, asin the example seen here. Photoshop comes with a selection of efaut pre-set gracenis loaded, but thre are other packs of gracents ‘valle, Youcan load in these other packs va the Gradient menu. you ‘open the Gadiert Picker yout see 19 whee. you Click on tis youl 98 the menus with thelist of standard gracent packs ‘valle to load atthe batter, (Other graclent tol options include te averallayer opacty, reversing the direction ofthe ‘gracbent colour mix, changing the ther” of the colour mixing, and togging the transparency. Ifyoucclck and hold on the Gradient if you use the Paint Bucket onthe transparency and blend modes to tool you'll fad that one ofits options background layer of yourimage t wil achieve the effect you're looking fr. isthe Paint Buckot too, which s used fllin an area of contiguous colour in To get th antique photo eect, ‘ofl an area, alayer ora.seiecton much the same way as the Magic we used a sand-brown colour, at ‘wih a sold colour. n comoinaton Wand too. To ada tint to a whole 70% opaclly, and a Color bien ‘with layer transparency and blend image, create anew layer, then flit made, which combines the fil madesit's a great way to add a withthe colour it wil fl the whole colour withthe background colour tnt orfiter to awhole image. layer, and you can thon usa layer colours ofthe image, 27THE PEN TOOL AND PATHS The Pen Tool and Paths Draw smooth curved paths with the versatile Pen tool 1e quickest and most common way to make selections is to "Tisstne polygonal Lass too tut cnc tat nly awe etaight from point to point it isn't ideal for making accurate selections around curved edges. Photoshop does have a tool for making smooth curves though, and it's shortout P). Rather than creating a selection directly tke the Lasso tool, the Pen tool is used to create @ Work Path. A Work Path in Photoshop isa vector graphic culine which can be used for several functions, including shaped tet cutine strokes and of course selections, A path consists of straight and curved lines segments connected with points. You can leave a path opan to forma straight or curved line, or close a path to form a shape. Paths are independent of any particular layer, 60 you can use the same path to create shapes on more than one layer ofan image, and you Bezier control Tangent line ‘can copy a path from one image to another. Cc —- Using the Pen tol and Paths effectively is a complicated process thal takes alt of practoe to master, but i's worth the effort, because Curved path ‘once you crack i you'l be able to ‘make smocth curves and selections ‘around almost any shape. If you want to use Photoshop in 2 professional ‘capacity I's an essential ski to learn. Anchor point 28 wOMtsceamasots |THE PEN TOOL AND PATHS a Using the Pn tool ffectivaty takes some practice and a lt of patance, Here's the low-down on how it works, ed DO owt oe) Cente) tne Pen tool tom the Too Pats ancher pins, and you't see that there are straight Ines mere the Comer Pot ‘ranula calle tangent ino. leing you anchor aos ex an bend, You can tne aroune ven quite comix shapes. you open sot oben thei to match he curvature afte 2330 tho Paths plete you seo the work path you we rated yeu yng to flow. opearin te st.ESOL} Teche LOST Te Pe octyoe er meme aul M cecal: [9 Cree ee eee eC ert ea en eer et tad Ree ae ened Ce ee eu era nad by combining several elements together. Using Photoshop tools and techniques, there's almost no limit to what you can achieve, and over the next few pages we'll Se ee Le ee es Fe eeeBSL sy od P Bead [oar er |: Rea erid CRO 2 Rec SaeeCCori sy) pang sc 7 Ped |< Relea ead * 4 CT ed [+c AUER aE / te Sa A /a MAKING SELECTIONS Making Selections The ability to select and modify only part of an image is fundamental to how Photoshop works ne of the most basic features of Photoshop is the ability to modify only part of an image, leaving the rest unchanged. The ‘way that we do this is by using Selections, and ther several tools and menu operations that wo can use to achiove this. the Ms ns nthe Tool F ving you as fea of your image, Marquee The Exiptcal Marquee tool works in much the seme way asthe To draw an elipse aroun Rectangular Marquee, but draws a ction, Imagine that curved arrectangl, start rom on ‘rag to the ctagonaly opposite Jar Marquee, || This can be tricky to get right, alternatively hold down the Alt kay and cite, other | start rom the contre of where you want ratios draw ellpses of various sizes. your elipse to be. 32. bONsCatvosotes |MAKING SELECTIONS Simple Area Selection a eet ane] aco Fixed Sia * Seed etecea Tet Lot's start ot wth the simplest You can draw a fechand rectangle, oF x the than one area or BND ston oot the Retangucr size or aspect ratio by using the tool options. ene Marguoo. Tis is used, asthe name impos, Let's craw a pertects ection by setting a er) for selecting simporectanguiar shapes. ratocof 1x1 down the Shift key prretenni erry eer) Coen Pere To draw a square, Iryouuse IE cick on apa ‘hare you want one of the comers tobe, then hold the area youve re i scocted youl see sit come ‘hat the edges are the "marching ans" ne of very sha the selocton box appear folowing the curso een iste nt) you draw perenne ‘selection anf 2, youll ee that tho edges ao very To make a soft-edged selection, type tured wth he a numer into the Feather box, The marquee "marching higher the number, the more blured the anise nthe mile edge wil be, of the blared ea, Polygonal Lasso Tool lores = Decne See withthe Pelygonal Lasso, you [cick around the edge of the area you want to select. When you complete ‘A Polygonal Lasso selection is For selecting more complex the loop, or dovbie-cck the selections | KEKE ial you want to cuter copy a apes, he best option the completed and you'l see the “marching J complex shape out of a backround, for Palygonal Lasso to! ants" border: example to make it part of another petre. Procstentorrotoanetee 33Modifying Selections MODIFYING SELECTIONS Photoshop has sophisticated tools to refine selections hotoshop's standard Marquee, La: Magic Wand, are fine for making basic selections of regular, well defined shapes, but they're not so good at picking out soft-edged or very fine shapes. One thing In particular that has photo for example: Modify Selection Photoshop has other tools to modiy a selection which youl ind, appropriately enough, inthe Select menu, under Madi The options include Borde, Smooth Expand, Contract and Feather. They're al relatvaly simple, but usaf nonethoess. 34. poMsCesmaSotes | Wena This model has been notographed ina typical studio setting, with good Ignting and against a plain ight grey background. Photos lke tis ar used all the time for catalogues, advertising posters and the ik. Yowever, in cdr to ft these needs the mode will have to be arated from the backaround tha plain background tke this, woud be tempting to use ‘normal selection ‘the Magic Wand, Howaver if we ‘ny, what we end up vith is something tke this Bocder converts the singe-ne selection into a border ofthe specified width. You can use this selection to create a border ‘around your selection by using the Paint Bucket too. ‘Smooth removes the kinks and wankles ‘rom the line of your selection. I's useful wen you're selecting smooth-edged ‘objects, but it will ound off the corners of ‘any irregular shapes.MODIFYING SELECTIONS has a feature called Select Whan you've baen and Mask. which is capable of | around allthe edge ‘making much finer distinction area that you want to refine, click oa OK, and then wait ‘afew seconds maawawan while the program a recaicuates the ese crreineassecion edge, As you can see ere, the results a good Imerovamant over the fist attempt ‘Select and Mask is vey easy to use. Stating with a Magic Wand (or Potygoral Lasso selection as close as passtie tothe edge of the hair or any other sof edge, cick on the Retine Edge button onthe ool options ba. the dala window tat opens, in As you can se, the edge Eig Darton, check he box / around the model's hai ks marked Smart Radu, and use J temibie. The automatic Magic tre square brackes keys to Wand selection has produced set the brush se ao that's avery jagged edge, because t | largo enough to cover the hazy can't distinguish between the | edge are around the har, Then fne edge of te har andthe sipy pin aroun th edge backgroune. Fortunately the covetapping bot the model ang leat version of Photoshop thebackground NM \We've looked at Feather before. It softens the edge ofthe selection by the radius set in the dialog box. Its perhaps the Expand, as the name suggests, expands | Contracts the opposite of Expand. It ‘most useful option here, particulary the size ofthe selection by the speciied shrinks the siz ofthe seaction by the if you're trying to copy and paste the umber of pike, spectied numberof pixels. selection into @ background. Prosteotrrotognetee 3536 USING LAYERS Using Layers Understanding layers is fundamental to Photoshop editing he concept of Layers: was first introduced with Photoshop 3.0 in 1994, and has become the very core of Photoshop image editing, as ‘well as being imitated by every ‘other image editing program ‘on the market. Layers aro ‘exactly what they sound like; the elements of the image are ‘stacked up and displayed in descending order. Since layers can include transparency, lower layers can be visible ‘through higher layers. Effects, adjustments and operations. can be applied to individual layers, oF to all the layers at conee. You can move layers: ‘around relative to one another, change the order of layers in ‘the stack, turn layers on or off, and delete layers without atfecting the others. Some people seem to have a hard time getting their head around ‘the concept of ‘so the best way to think of them is a8 a pile of glass panels with the elements that make up the image painted onto them, with you looking down on them {rom above. Layers have a number of advantages, For ‘one thing, the abit to ciange one element ‘on one layer without affecting the other layers means thal you can edt yourimage on-destuctvey For example ifyou want to perform an eperation ona layer but you're nat ‘ue how i's going to tum out, ust make @ luicat layer, so the orignal to be invisible, then do your ecting onthe copy. Fyou don't lke the result, you can simply delete & and go ack tothe origina There ar fou main types of layer. Thare ‘a9 Piel layers, which contain the graphical ‘lomeonts ofthe mago. Thore aro Toxt ayers, \which contin text information which can be ected and resized. There are Vector layer, ‘which contain vector information such a shapes and work paths, and then there are ‘Adjustment layers, wich contain embeded ‘commands that fect the layer enmediataly bboiow. Welllook at Adustment layers in more tal onthe next page, There isa downsice to using layer, ‘and that isthe le size. Ang layers and ‘the iformation that goes along wath them ‘massively ncoasee the size ofthe fle, 20 ‘when you've fished editing and you want to ‘save the picture you've crested is usualy a ‘good idea to Paton the image, which morgos al the lyers together into a single image.USING LAYERS The Layer Palette knowing your way around the Layer palete is vita if you want to make the best use of this feature Determinos how the layer interacts withthe layer below ‘Gan be changed for every layer ‘one by one, or for a group. Contrals haw transparent the layer i, ancthhow much of the Layer below wil show trough. CGcking on the eyebal simply renders the layer and alts cefecs invsble, a shadow, bevelled edges, ier slow and more feflects such as crop Creates a ne ayer group, nto which you can hag andl drop layers, which hops you to cgaris layersin a tig complcated compost, {An alterative to the main layer ‘menu, you can add al the ‘austment effects here too, Creates a new blank layer ectly above the currently active aye By clicking on these buttons tay onty one type of layer, o lof them, ‘and by selecting trom the drop own you can choose what ‘order to show them in you can choose to disk Simiar to Opacity, but only ‘works on pie information ignoring blencing options and Layer effects By clcking on these buttons you can lock the layer em any ‘urther activity. Transparency, image pixels and poston can be locked indepencenti. There aes layer. Tent yer, not suisingy conta text characters ‘The Background layers the faut bottom layer, and alays starts off locked. Highlight a few layers and than lick this button to ink the layers, Tanstorm and Move commands wil aft al irked ayer [Adda mask to @ ixeLbased layer ‘reveal ¢ conceal infrmation using a black or white brush Does exactly what you'd expoct to 00. Cick to delete the curently active layer, or dag ayer onto the button to deeteitADJUSTMENT LAYERS Adjustment Layers Agreat way to edit your images without damaging them though there are many iting options in the Image > Adjustment menu, they all have one thing in ‘common. When you apply them to an image the effect they have is destructive, because they discard information from the original image. For example, if you apply Curves, the Hue/Saturation, then ‘add a Photo Filter effect, that’s three operations that have discarded information, ‘each one degrading your image quality. f you apply an ‘operation repeatedly, such as multiple Curves corrections, you'll actually be able to see the degradation. The only way to undo the damage done by these modifications is to revert to an earlier version by using undo or the History palette, but that also undoes all your subsequent editing as. well. This degradation is much worse with @-bit than with 16- bit images, since there's less Information to start with. 38 It's impossibe to avoid ths image degradation atogether, but by using Adstment Layers we can reduce it as much as possible, Adjustment Layers sit above the bel ayer the stack, and ther eects are applied in realtime asthe layers are csplayed hal way ifyou change your mind about an lefect, or wish to changeit aftr it has been applied, your alteration doesn't have any further efect on the layer below ft, and the Image degradation ist applied unt the ayers ‘are merged when fattening the image. You can apply Adjustment Layersin several ways, Fst, you'l finda ist of avaiable layers in the Layer > New Adjustment Layer menu. Second, if you have the Adjustments palette open i's open in the default interface workspace) you can click on the button forthe layer you want to apply. Third, you can click on the midala button atthe bottom ofthe Layer Palette Allo these offer exactly the same lis Cf options and produce the same resus.ADJUSTMENT LAYERS fa The Adjustment Layer Palette Click on any ofthese buttons to instantly create a new acjustment layer Brightness/Contrast = Photo Filter Levels a Channel Mixer Curves ee Colour Lookup Exposure Invert Vibrance Posterize Hue/Saturation Threshold Colour Balance Selective Colour Black and White Gradient MapCURVES AND LEVELS Curves and Levels The most versatile way to adjust tone and colour balance in your digital images fou'll find the Curves function in the Image > Adjustments menu, or use the keyboard shortcut Cmd+M. The Curves dialog looks a bit daunting at first; a raph with a diagonal line running up the middle of it, like a difficult piece of maths homework. It's nothing to be scared of ‘though, and is in fact the most useful and versatile tool for making adjustments to ‘the exposure and tonal balance of your images. We'll use this picture of a Devon beach as the image to begin with. What |wo want to do first is crop it down so wo just have the main part of the rocks in the pleture with some sky and water The Curves graph isa histogram showeg the relative strengths of difrent tones within the Image. it shows the input distribution along the bottom of the graph, and the output up the vertical ani, The straight eagonal line trom corner to corer indicates that there isa 1:1 rato betwean input and output at all tones: the output is exactly the same as the input, as you'd expect. Its by adjusting the line anct altering the ratio of input tones to output tones, 3 achieve a number ofefacts, The left-hand end o the horizontal axis represents the darker tones, wile the rightchand end represents the highights. Tho Curves graph can be manipulated in several ways. ‘You can move the line rect, by clicking on it to pa new anchor points and than dragging these points into new postions. You can also use the arrow keys to nudge a solected point up, down, ft or ight. There's no lit to where the line can stator fish, or where it goes in that we‘arrows oni. I'you click this button and then ‘move the cursor over the image you'l tice €@ point on the line move up and down as the ‘cursor passes over lighter and darker areas Pick a spot that you want to ighten, cick on land dag upward, and you'l see the tone curve move to match. Using this awesome feature you can selectively ighten or darken pretty much every tone inthe image. ee Lz Sk Emphasising Highlights cause te xiii to bs buned cu, butho estan be gute pssg forth it hie of mage. There works wal in monceeoe, prod an ete ghey mage Levels A quick, easy and accurate way to adjust brightness and contrast ‘Also the nage > Adustnts men you" 1nd Loves, keyboard shortcut CmBeL. The Levels unction is easier to ue han Cues, pots ana overt beanness of your mage ts parclaty ust for magos that contin OF ght or car saa, sucha dark objacts on & loft background, because it provides ametnod {orig tha ight and carkost areas of tho ‘ag, we leaving the mi-ones re o be austed upward or domare CURVES AND LEVELS Boosting Contrast cre of he way tem eter end rag ho stape ohene eto anarow S-shaped cune, ienering the era ba he mint ardbath endsin te same postions. Th wl ben he tte aes of th mage whe To contest. Mitre ghres canbe acted by move the mp er Brightening Mid-tones Emphasising Shadows Alovated by moving the mip fre curve te hace ena grits slot, fataneg the use pat the changed Moung the mi-poré cours has snaightrng emis. cnes ‘he copes aocCROPPING AND RESIZING Cropping and Resizing Changing the size of a digital photograph Lometimes a digital photograph /can be the wrong size. Maybe you've got too much of the surroundings in the picture, when you wanted to concentrate on just the main subject, or maybe the whole Image is too big, and you need to make it smaller to send via ‘email or publish on a website. Doing both of these things is very quick and simple in Photoshop. ‘Well use this seatont picture as the Image to start wth, What we want to do fest i. crop it down go we just have the pier onthe let of frame, The best tol forthe job is, not surprisingly, tho Crop toot. Youll find tin the tool palette, fourth down from the top, Itlaoks a be ike two set-sauares. “The crop tools very sy to use NOFA sy click near ne corner enc then crag abo aroun th area you want to ep. Don't woryifyou dont gat tho siz exact ght fist mo, because you ‘an aust he siz of the box by using the ‘raghances on each side and comer Press Enter to perio the crop 42. BoNtsCstvaSoies| Next we'll resize the image. To do this you'll nee to get tot Image menu and select Image Size, ‘ruse the keyboard shortcut Cmd + Alt +1 In the image Size dialog box, check the box marked resample Image, and open the drop-down option panel below i. We're reducing the sizeof this picture, 60 select Bicubic Sharper. YZ)a Inthe Phxl Dimensions panel ‘entar the with that you want your image to appear. I we were preparing tis Picture fora website, a width of 800 pixels ‘Would be ideal. The height wil change ‘automaticaly to keep the aspect ratio the ‘same, Press OK to rosiza the pictur, CROPPING AND RESIZING Next, go back to the Image menu, but this time choose Canvas Size, (or use the keyboard shortcut Gd + At +c. You'l s00 the curent size in pines at IZA tne top of te panel, wth te with 488 800 pixels. Inthe lower window put ina height of 500 pixel. f your man subjects etn the cate of he frame, you can ater the anchor point by cckng onthe eerous surouncing the box below. Cick OK to perform the resize You'l gt @ waning tha you're about to chop off part of he image but ust grove ‘Now welve resized the knage to 800 x 500, a convenient siz for dsplay on many mobile devices, and ideal for upload website or sending va ema ProosteotoPetogeches ABQUICK MASK MODE Quick Mask Mode There’s a quicker way of editing selections and masks {ten when editing in Photoshop it's useful to be able to block off certain areas that we don't want to be affected. For that ‘we use masks, and there are several ways of creating them, but by far the easiest is Quick Mask, a fantastically useful feature ‘that was first introduced in Photoshop 7. Quick Mask lets you ‘create and edit masks and selections quickly and easily using any ‘of Photoshop's pixol painting tools. It's extremely simple to use, but it can produce a wide and varied range of results. You'll find ‘the Quick Mask mode button near the bottom of the Tool Palette. Clicking it will toggle Quick Mask mode on or off. ‘The most basic way tha Is used is with the brush tool. When you switch on Quick Mask, you'l rotioe tht the foreground and background colours change 44. eo sCnatsaie ick Mask black and white ‘anormal area you want to mask paint brush and stan painting in.‘ fyou make a mistake and overlay black. You'll see that instead of your area simply switch to the white black, the colouris @ anslucent background colour. Painting vite red. Paint thie colouroverthe will erase the mask.QUICK MASK MODE eee There are other ways to withthe Gracant Tool to produce gradual mask effacts. Simply ent CGuick Mask mode, then select the Gradient Tool. Drag a gradient fil over the area you wish 1o affect, and wen you release the mouse button you'l see thatthe gracientefec sin translucent red, tke the painted Quick Mask. ply Quick Mask, For example it can be used ‘You can now use this mask to produce graduated effects on th im instance, on th cent 3p, For picture we can darken the sky and leave the foreground as tis by using a gra ‘The graciant mask ensuros feted Lovels fu {ullaiect atthe upper edge to 2ero effect at the lower edge ofthe pictur. 1h traneition from theUSING LAYER MASKS Using Layer Masks Add effects to your images non-destructively with Layer Masks Wits th aust ata tncton tan ey To stat with, right-click on the thumbnail way to selectively edit your pictures, the ofthe photo in the layer palete and select more traditional method is to use La ‘The advantage to this method is that i destructive, so If you don’t like the results you can just go back and start again. It is also repeatable, because you can use the same mask for multiple effects, saving you time and cffort. For this quick tutorial we'll use a Layer Mask to apply a selective monochrome or colour ‘oxtraction effect. We'll start with this bright image of some coloured pencils. The oranges and reds will romain in colour while the rest of the picture will be changed to black and white. Duplicate Layer from the menu. Altematively lick and dag the layer thumbnail inthe palette onto the New Layer button a the bottom ofthe palette, which wil also duoteate the layer NNaxt, activate the new layer by cleking onitin the palette, and then fon the Add Layor Mask button atthe bottom of the pata, Avwhite square wa ‘appear inthe layer palette representing the new mask Doubie-lck on this and the Layer Mask palette wil ty out, ‘This palette lets you ‘configure the mask in avariety of ways AG POWsCmnoSaesUSING LAYER MASKS ick on the Color Range ‘anew window appear with ‘a colour range picker, and ‘the cursor wil change to an leyedropper tool ick on the ‘oranges and 208 ofthe pene ‘and adjust the sles so that as ‘much of the colour as possible is selected, but rone ofthe background. Gck OK whan you're happy. Now wo've gota mask that covers the shape ofthe door, but what we need ig a mask that leaves the chosen colours, but covers everything ese, so click fn the Invert button which swaps the maak and th This effectively Inthe layor trough which the backround layer willbe visible Noxt we can apply the effect to the top layer. For this one we'll use the Black and White ‘menu option, since Isa quick and easy effect. You'l find itin the image > Adjustments mer You can adjust t parameters of the Black and White eflect with on the window that appears. “The results are a ‘matter of parsonal taste, 80 adjust the parameters unt you're happy. sliders The Layer Mask can be cfect like this, and the great part otis that the original image is still intact in the background layer, 80 if you're unhappy withthe finished result you can just dolete the effect layar and start again. Howover as you can 890, the effect is pretty much perfect. li = “AN be 77CONTENT-AWARE FILL AND SCALE Content-Aware Fill and Scale Photoshop contains image processing technology so advanced it looks like magic Content-Aware Scaling hotoshop CS4 Introduced the world ‘to an amazing new technology called Content-Aware Sealing, which can resize an image while preserving the proportions of important image ‘elements. It works by analysing the Image and removing lines of pixels that ‘contain relatively Hae res the image vertically by 7 percent using the standard oshop Image Size menu option, the people wll end up looking fattened and ‘ut of proportion, since their height has aso buen reduced by 70 percent information, s0 that a plain background will be affected before ‘the main subject. ‘The best way to jatrate the effect is with examples, such as this picture of a coastal scent lowever it we use Content Aears Wi pete titer caret sate thatthe areas that ae just sky contain relative Ite infomation, and goth tone \when we r-ecee the mage it deltas those pi lnformatonich pixels that ld tho deals including the people. AS aesut a 75, Percent height reduction leaves the scene leoking relatively unchanged, although the ae of bie shy has boon reduced. os fist, preening he more AB bOMsCesteSorae You" find Contert-Aware Scaling in the Edt menu, butt willbe greyed cout niet fio aay. ive comerted the mage You use Content Aare Sean in ig just the same way as the normal Iage Sia option, Ether ag ho hands cn each een he ection you vant, or act eter he proportions io the textboxes on he too optons ba Content vere Soaing works orb nei and wich, ed can a enlarge an nage S12CONTENT-AWARE FILL AND SCALE Content-Aware Fill and Move Photoshop OSS took the content-aware technology further with the introduction of Content-Aware Fil. This ‘extromaly useful function can fil in blank areas of an image with an approximation of the surrounding area, which makes it particulary handy for filing those triangular edges that ae left after rotating an image, for ‘example when leveling the horizon line. Again i's relatively easy to use. Stating with an image that has just been rotated, leaving ‘Thece wil bea short pause while Photoshop ‘those emply tangle, take the Magic Wand tool and solct analyses the image, but then it wi lin the blank the plan areas. aroas witha texture darived from the content of the immecately surounding Next, go tothe Select menu and click on Mody > Expand Increase the selection area by a decent amount; fortis picture 10, [xs should do nicely are Move isa new feature introduced 9 CSB, and uses the same Aware Fil, The idea is that you witn Photost technology as Con can select an object on a background and move it to a ew area of the image, The Content-Aware algorithm should automaticaly fin the area that you moved trom {and also blend inthe moved object. In practice it's not actualy much use uriess the object to be moved is ona virtually plan background, In which case it's often simpler to use the Cion anyway, but some people may fd it useful You'd Flin the Eait menu, Click on it and you'l see the Fill options window appear. Content-Aware should be selected by detault, but if not choose It from the drop-down menu. 49TO ne Cae) a (oy a) Editing . TS : Apply the techniques that you learnt in the last section to the latee iirc) suemurlel ice) ‘ De ee ee re See ee en eek nd section we'll apply the techniques we've learned over the last thirty-odd pages to the art of photographic manipulation. From simple techniques like correcting exposure and white balance to more complex operations like stitching panoramas or replacing one colour with another, Adobe Photoshop has the tools to help you get the most out of Ree ee eee es Ke CgContents Eee es) EB Adjusting Exposure El Colour Correction EG contrast and Saturation El Adding a Graduated Filter El Correcting Lens Distortion El Panorama Stitching [>< Rea occas El Soft Focus Technique Ces Bla ADJUSTING EXPOSURE Adjusting Exposure Correcting your exposure mistakes is easier with Photoshop = Ecru the sonisticatea technotoay found inthe taht metering systems of modern digital cameras, they are not infallible. Some jhting conditions can confuse them, resulting in pictures that ar over or under-exposed. ‘Allcameras have alimted dynamic range, levels of ilumination at which they record featureless pure wht or featureless pure black. The tonal variation available between those wo extremes depends on the qualy ofthe lens, sensor and image processor that captured it, andthe bit-depth ofthe fle type used to record it. For ‘maximum bt-depth i's aways best to use Raw mode, since this will usualy store images in 42-bit or even 48-bit form, capturing greater dynamic range, Wel look at improving the expesure ofthe more common JPEG images fom ¢ compact camera. JPEG images are usually only 24-bit, so have less latitude for ‘exposure recovery. (Over-exposure tends to be more ofa prabiam than under exposure, since bumed-out highights contain no detail but the JPEG format i suring good at capturing deta In areas that might italy ook Ike featureless bck. AS a result’ offen possble to rescue shots that are qute badly Lnder-axpoaed, although th wllalsa aml any noise a the image, so thore i trade-off for mage quality. Take alook at this shot. tas taken using canto weighted metering against cute strong backlighting, and as rest the subjects hy dark shadow and under-axposes. ‘would have bean a better idea to use spot metering, but we canstll rescue this photo using an mage ectra program, Brightness/Contrast The quickest tosmmpytum u asiest way to brighten the photo is. ‘ne brightness, Youll ind Brightness! Contrast as an aglustment layer In the palate on the right, o inthe Image > Adfustment menu, The Brightness/Contrast function in recent versions o Photoshop has been changed to improve contrast and ‘onal balance when adjusting brightness. ‘By moving the Beightness sider othe right, the over brightness of tne entre poo is increased, but the new ‘algorithm tains a reasonable balance in shadow tones. ‘You can tweak the fect withthe Contrast sider, the result is reasonably acceptable, 52. sOMsCestesorseLevels Photoshop offers anther way of aiterng beightness and contrast tut thi time with more subtlety ‘and cori by asin the Levels histogram, You' nd Levels nthe ‘same Image > Adjustirent sut-men as Brighiness/Contrast, and as an ‘adustment ayer option, rridetone point. The Levels histogram is basically ‘graph showing the proporton of plan the mage at each colour intensity. The fr eft-hand end ofthe ‘raph represents black, andthe right- ADJUSTING EXPOSURE hand end is white, wth every tone in between represented by a spike Con the graph. On the botiom axis of the graph are three points, the et representing the beck cu-of point theright the whke cutof point, and the one in the mide representing the 'As you can see fom the graph ‘our image is mostly shadows, with ‘adipin the mic-one range, so we need to brighten some of those shadows into mic-tonee, The way we do ths is by meving the midtone Point left towards the shadows, This has the eect of bringing out aot ofthe deta rom the shadow areas without turing out any mere haghlights also leaves the deeper shadow areas inet. lt afer better ay of acusting the expoeira of a ‘hotograph than simply altering the [Bighiness/Contast, homever isn't ule the best way. Adjusting the Levels mid-point is stil stl Inearn is adjustment Curves ‘The Gunes adjustment option, again foune! In the image > Adjustment menu and as an adjustment layer option, is a method of Cchanghng the rlative brightness of spectic tones and ranges of tones within an image, ing recee contol over expcou, Learing {0 use t propery core sal in mage extn, and wl enable you to make precise and subtle changes to bighiness andreas contrast ot just ofthe mage a a hoe, but ao of indie coour channel ‘You can cag the Cures cuput ne arcund by cicking at ary pot, hen mening the handle that appears. To improve this picture we need Pe | to brighten the shadows and mic-tones, while Tip simutenecusl darkening the Highligh, 20 we should cag the lover Sco the cure urwaxds athe upper part ofthe curve downers creating asim § shaped ouve. As with mary Potochop techniques, the Key nero subi Pash ha cue to fa and yu un the pit, butgtitiust int and you can rescue even quite badly under-oxposed pictues. Prosteotorrotognetes 53COLOUR CORRECTION Colour ; Correction Correcting colour casts and white balance problems Dhaai air we site en eer Imost all digital cameras, have some sort of white balance selection, but it's a feature that most people seem to ignore. In most cases this isn’t @ problem, because the default automatic white balance feature handles most everyday lighting situations perfectly well. However sometimes, usually when shooting without the flash in artificial light, your pictures may show a strong colour tint, caused by incorrect, white balance setting. Using the pre-set white balance options in your camera's menu will normal prevent this problem, but itis also possible to correct colour tints later using photo editing softwar There are several ways to do this. ‘This photograph is illuminated by ‘a combination of spot lighting, fluorescent light and coloured ‘tungsten lighting, using automatic white balance, and as you can set the camera has got a bit confused, resulting in a heavy colour cast. however by adjusting the colour balance in Photoshop | have been ‘able to largely correct this fault, rosulting in a much bettor picture. Thore are soveral ways to correct 1 colour balance problem using Photoshop, One ofthe quickest and most effective Isto use the Levels function. You'l in this in the image manu under Adjustments, or by using the keyboard shorteut Crd + L 54. BoNsCstvaSotes | Levels ic used to adjust the relative brightness and output levals of the various tones in the image, and can also be used to set particular points onthe histogram. The one we're interested in isthe grey point, the middle fone of thrae but the right ofthe dialog panel Click on the grey point bs and move the cursor of the dialog pane), You'l se thatthe cursor has changed into an eye-dropper too). Cie this on any part of the mage that should be a mid-tone gry. The colour balance ofthe image wi mmmectately change to make this point which wil help comectCOLOUR CORRECTION B ‘Another way of conectng the image is the Vaitions function, You also tnd this in the Image menu, under Adjustments Itpresents you with a series of colour ‘adustment pre-sts that you can choose to ‘best suit your image, Please note: Variations | no longer available for Photoshop CS6. You can alter the oo ‘quick atemative if you ae using ‘Adding the Photo Fi applying to the image as well as the (688 sto select the Photo Fier above your image ‘paciy. You can keep clicking unt you've ‘option from the Ajlustments menu, This the ability to apply acolo got something that looks acceptable. you had actualy applied an can counteract the colou I's not precise, but wth some lighting a warmicool iter to the font of shot. In this case, the wa Conditions it may not be possible to palance the tones. hues ofthis soene are of blue tint ofthe Photo obtain a perectresut. S enough" i all you can do. metimes “good rotcqnaies 55CONTRAST AND SATURATION Contrast and Saturation Using curves and blend modes to improve colour saturation and contrast in your digital photos hen you take a digital photo of a sce you are relying on your camera to be able to capture all the colours and tones that you see. Unfortunately most digital cameras simply aren't capable of recording the full range of colours and shades that the human eye can see, 0 your photo of what was a bright and colourful scene may prove to be bit of a disappointment when you see it on your monitor. Fortunately there are many different ways to Improve both contrast and colour saturation, which might help to restore some of ‘the sparklo to your photos. Let's take a look at some of the alternatives. As an example we'll use this snapshot ofthe Fiver Teign. In realty the colour ofthe scene is much Hee fal ee hte The simplest way to improve the ‘A much more controllable way ‘lder digital camera that was used to saturation ie by acing a Hus/ to adjust both saturation an Se eer ee ie ‘Saturation adjustment layer. Like mary Contrast isto use @ Curves adjustment arn T eee Cther pats ofthe program, Hue/Saturaton | layer, We've already looked at Curves in Serene eee has been improved in Photoshop, the section on comaction exposure, but producing a smoother result than previous | by using Blend Modes we can also use versions. Boosting the saturation slider ‘Curves to enhance saturation. In Normal bby about +30 helps to restore some of blend mode the curve will change both the missing colour, but i's @ scatergun Contrast and saturation. We're using the approach and doesn't ofer much fine ‘same S-shaped curve, which boosts ‘conto. It can also increase nose in brightness atthe upper end ofthe scale shadow areas in JPEG images. land darkens shadows at the lower enc, 156 bOMsCstvaSetes | Were ernEraaen By changing the biend mode to Luminosity, the curve will coniy affect brightness, so the same ‘S-shaped enhancement curve wil Improve contrast, ghtening highlights and darkening shadows without affecting ‘colour saturation CONTRAST AND SATURATION Gy Conese byusg car blend mode, the S-shaped curve wil ltr colour saturation without affecting brightness, so shadows and highlights are unatfected. HE errrecsten tnesoncaed Sth to thstan ha bates ProostentoPetooeches 57fa ADDING A GRADUATED FILTER Adding a Graduated Filter Graduated filters can improve photos by bringing out the detail in the sky hotographers use graduated filters pl front of wns to lectively change the exposure and sometimes the colour of part of ually to darken the sky to bring out fouds and balance the exposure with xy come in many types of ystom. ‘most photographie techniques, it's possible to duplicate the effect of graduated filters using ‘Adobe Photoshop, and as usual there are several ways to accomplish this. For this exampl image of the Devon coast. PageADDING A GRADUATED FILTER Graduated Filter in Camera Raw ‘Since this photo was taken using Raw mode, we can use the Graduated Fier too! In Adobe Gamera Raw (AGA). ACR Is the Raw processing application supplied with each version of Photoshop, and allows you to add the effect during processing. This | by far the best way to doit, since it preserves the maximum amount of detain the photograph ° hen you open the image To arp the ite, dag a ine BA in code camera Raw, KE coun tom the top of te you'l see a ow of tol icons soreen othe herizon line, You" 982 ‘across the top ofthe main image | ahorizontal and vertical dotted ine window, The Graduated Fiter Ike an inverted T, You's nate icons tothe right tal you can change the angle of the ne by moving the cursor lt ‘and ight. To constrain the ne to ‘he vertical, hale down the Sit key le craqgina “The re dotted Ine marks the Wad ov ast saturated edo en yourdik onthe ofthe gracont effec, but ther is Graduated Fitericon, youll |) also agreen ine al the top ofthe ‘control pana onthe ight | frame, This marks the top or most CH othe screen change. The fe saturated edge of the fect, vith can apply mary eer fects, smooth graders betnoon the but the one we went to usa isa | two ines. yeu crag th oon ine reduction in exposure. A setting of down, moc a te nage willbe at 2.10 should produce @eutebie | maximum efect and the rate cect or tis pice. ibe shorter Graduated Filter in Photoshop rae A Ityour photo wasn't ken n Rwy Next n the tool options br, clk To apply the graent tothe picture, Le) rode, you can apply a graduatod [222 on tho gractontecitor and soloct {2X start at tn top of tho tam, cick ‘er using the Gradient Tool To set up the | Foreground to Transparent, cick on the ‘and crag down to the horizon ina, you Graduated fer, fest seoct the Gradient button for Lnear Gradient, set the Blenang | hold down the shi key it wil constrain the Tool, then set the foreground colour to ‘mode to Colour Burn, and the Opacity line tothe vertical. The bie is blended into ‘ue by clcking onthe foreground square | to 100 percent, Make sure the boxes for the clouds making them darker {and then using the colour picker. Dither and Transparency are checked ProstoptePetcgaanes 59CORRECTING LENS DISTORTION Correcting Lens Distortion Correct the optical distortion of ultra-wide lenses with Photoshop’s Adaptive Wide Angle Adaptive Wide Angie attempts to correct atleast some of these problems, andl can warp the picture ‘o.undo most ofthe optical distortion emerkably can do allthis while sti preserving most of the deta in the picture. You't the Fiters menu 1d Adaptive Wide Angle in 60 B0A=CantnSae |v Straight and paral Is quite disconcerting. In the Adaptive Wide Angle interface, frst select the Constraint tool ror the panel en the upper lt of the main eoreen, and select Fisheye fom the Cerrecton drop-down menu, Pick Cone ofthe vertical nes, n ths cage one Cf the stone windows on the lft wal, ‘ck near the top oft and drag a ine ‘down the length oft. You should fd that the ine wil automaticaly curve to flow the ine, but you can crag the control handle in the mid-point of the ne to match t upto the curvature Ort the nae atures Introduced with Photoshop 096s called Adaptive Wide Angl 1age to undo the optical distortion common to all very angle lenses. We've all seen photographs taken with “fish-eye” lenses. These lenses are called ultra-wide-angle, because the angle of view that they can capture can be as much as 180 degrees. Naturally the ability to squeeze half a room into the same shot comes at a price, and that is extreme optical ines appear to be bent, perspective is massively shortened and fami lunrecognisable proportions. In the photo opposite, the straight, Uprights of the stonework and bench seats seem to curve inwards, the walls seems to bulge outwards and the whole offect which can warp and bend an ide istortion. F objects take on almost ‘The line wil automaticaly warp the picture to make the curved line straight, You'l see that there is a Circle overlaid onthe line, with two more ‘control handles where they intersect. You can drag these handles, rotating the ine to bring it into a vertical postion Ifyou hold down the shift key it wil ‘automatically snap to verical right away,Pick a ine on the opposite side fof the picture and repeat the process, dragging a ine down the ‘pight ofthe colurmn. This too wil automatically straighten CORRECTING LENS DISTORTION Again, crag the hanes onthe ‘creularline to move the upright into a vertical postion. you've dane it right 1 vertical curvature cstotion of tha image should now be prety much corrected. Yu may notice that the corraton isn't cute perect; there may stil some sight curvature ofthe various uprights, but its certanly a reat improvement, and the vorical structures ae much straighter, You can carry on and try to correct more of the curvature, but be aware 0g how much warping is being anpled to the mage to staghton everything out. Clok OK when you're dane to finalise the conection ‘The process wil have ltt some ‘empty spaces atthe edges of the image, 20it'l be necessary to crop the image to remove these, This does mean losing some of the orginal photograph, but the resut is much less distorted than it was at the start 6PANORAMA STITCHING Panorama Stitching Get the whole of the landscape into one ultra-wide picture feature known as “Panorama Stitching” or Dae sits rmerts ave “Panorama Assist” mode. It's there to help with a particular type of photograph, or rather series of photographs, in which successive shots are taken as the camera is panned across a scene. After you take the first shot, the camera ‘shows the edge of that shot superimposed on the monitor so you can match up the position of features in successive shots, producing a long continuous photo .. When it's done well the results can be ‘showing an entire panoramic scot breathtaking, but getting For tho purposes ofthis tutor well se thie example ofthe grounds of COldvazy Mansion in Deven, Having downloaded cur panorama pictures fom the carmerainto ‘folder on the PC, i's tie to fe up ‘The Photomerge window offors a number of options for how to ‘arange your panoramic shots. For a ‘simple landscape panorama ke this the ‘Auto option should work fine. Gick on the ‘Ad Open Files button to add the three shots tothe Photomerge list, and check Photoshop and stitch them together nto ‘ panorama, Locate the fles on your hard five and open all of them in Photoshop. Ifyou goto the Wendow > Arrange menu you can view them all at nes in up In Photoshop youl ind the top two options and the bottom option Horzontal mode, Not essential but it PPhotomerge inthe File menu to atterot to fil blank areas with the ‘ves you 8 chance to make alast-minute | under Automata, along with several other Content Aare too. exposure check automatic processes. 62. BOMsCemasons|‘Once you click OK the merging process stars, andit is completely ‘automatic, I wil take a hie to ‘complete, possibly quite a ong while if you have a slow computer and/or very large image files. PANORAMA STITCHING f You can aso use the crop tool to Once the Panorama has been straighten out ay sigh itn your rendered, youl se0 that there are horizon, but hopefuly you won't need it areas where the progam has had to warp | The fnished rst shoud look someting the pictures to cone or parspectve. Te this, ‘Tiss where the Content Aare Fil tool wil have stiomptod to add somet looks abit ike sky and ground. Ds Cen how wel the fil works, you can aways ‘crop out these areas. ches 63Swapping one colour for another 64 COLOUR REPLACEMENT Colour Replacement Ore ratiey siete operation tna you ‘can do in Photoshop is to replace one colour with another. By using some of the selection tools we looked at earlier, along with the Hue/Saturation controls, we can change the colour of individual objects in ur photos, such as replacing the colour of this life buoy. Pee RC eae) Selecting large areas ofthe same colour is one of those few ‘occasions where the Magic Wand tools actualy useful, co we'lluseit asa starting Pint hare, With a tolerance sting of 20 it should be able to pick out the buoy ring wthout too much tous. \Witn the Magic Wana, its best to add abt at ‘atin. Click on an area that's ‘amid tone forthe total area you want to select, and youl ind thatthe wand tool wil select an area around it ‘The azo the selection vl depend on the tolerance setting. By hoking down the Shit key end carefully clicking on areas ‘around your starting selection, you can ‘acd more areas, the wand selects part of ‘the background, use Crd. to undo that ‘step, and try again more carefully, possibly adjusting the tolerance downwards it keeps happening, eyens r Seto Sree ae When you've reached the mit cof what you can usefuly select using the Magic Wand tol, you can ih your selection using the Polygonal Lasso ‘0. By seting the Feather to zero you ‘can produce sherp-edges selection, ‘Altxnatvely, use the Selection Brush too. ‘Again hold down the Shift key to ‘did more areas to your selection Ifyou need to remove any areas from the election, such as tha rope and metal hook, you ean subtract by holding down the At key and going around them with the Lasso,COLOUR REPLACEMENT =a ‘Although thore are sovea ters We could use at hs port, the ‘most versatile way to change the colour fe select area isthe Hue/Saturation Lightness option. This is common to most feting programs. In Elements you'l init inthe Enhance manu. when you've selected al the bits you want to repaint, you can save the selection for ater use, to save you doing al that work again # you change your mind You have three options undor the Hue/Saturation setting Leave the Lightness s! mice postion to pre brightness of the object, but you can ‘experiment by moving the Saturation ‘and Hue siders around. As you move the Hue elder, the colour wil start to shit through the spectrum of colours, fr you can produce subtie colour changes with lower saturation settings, fr say to hell with subtety and go for ‘broke with ful saturation, When you're nappy withthe result, or when your eyes stat bleeding, you can clear the selection by using the keyboard shortcut Cm, ‘and then save the result, When you save the final mage as a .PSD fie in Photoshop or Elements, tho selections tare saved as well, embedded in the fe. mn 65,a SOFT FOCUS TECHNIQUE Soft Focus Technique Adding a soft focus effect gives your portraits a romantic feel oft-focus Is an effect used wi ‘dreamy romantic look. It's also a big favourite with achieved with a speci fitted over the camera lens. Many digital cameras now include soft-focus as a digital ‘offect, but we can produce the ‘same results in Photoshop with ‘ease using Gaussian blur and layer transparency. 66 comsThe frst sep is totum the picture 0 identical layers, thi, goto the Layer menu, and select Duplicate Layer. Don't wry about rnarring tis ayer, t's the ony going to make. Inthe Layers pate, transparency ofthe blued layer to around 80 percent, This lat the stlsharp lower layer to show through, mit effect ofthe Gaussian ble. SOFT FOCUS TECHNIQUE Next, go tothe Fier menu, ‘move down to Blur, and selact Lens Blur. This isa special type Cf bluring that can be adjusted to produce certain effects, Ce eo et eee recurgie Murine Tos Soran ara es rea . We can further enhance the romantic look of the picture by ‘adding an oliptical vignette of furthar nique that portrait photographers ng almost sinoe the invention of photography. Fst, select the Eliptical Marquee tol ig around the subject. This is 2 fe been us eT) en fe don't noed very much blurring to produce the soft-focus effect, 50 for this portrait shot, set a 1 may naed a male radius for smaller enages, but oop it subtle radus rag an etiptcal marquee selection trait subjct. This may sD around the take a few tres to get right, £0 use C to de-select if you get it wrong, When you're happy with it, goto the Select menu ‘and cick on Feather, Set arad 20-40 pixel, TO) Corry Cota Dery a a bigger adv than before; around 70 kale shoul do the job blur fter to the lon, ging ita much Next, select Inverse fom solocton so that everyting outside the elie Select menu to change the selected "Now you can crop and fatten your newly omansicised portaCeCe me leit er) Sm rle Ly Jack in the days when we all used film cameras, one of the joys of photography was developing your Oe a ee Su eco keer eas Cee de ee ed ue oe enue ee ier aed you have the option to shoot your photos in something called Raw mode and you'll be glad you did. Raw mode offers several advantages, including better colour rendition, better dynamic range, greater versatility and greater scope for customising exposure, contrast and saturation. Even better, you have to make all those adjustments yourself; in fact its just like developing films in a darkroom. Suddenly, by Pe eo oc Ceery PLUS Lg Cees Cee eee you adjust and tweak eens eee nd Cd ey Cee es eaRAW PROCESSING Processing Raw Files To get the best possible image quality, always shoot in Raw mode digital SLRs and Compact in the menu as an option under for all serious photographers. ‘System Cameras, and most image quality. Raw mode offers Let's take a closer look at Raw of the better compact cameras, greatly improved image quality _ mode, find out how it works hhave a shooting option called over the usual JPEG image file and see how it can help you Raw mode. You'll usually find it format, and is recommended _ produce better photographs What is Raw Mode? Lens Sensor Processor JPEG Output | 5 ow Output Raw mode isa specilimage rere sensble Raw forthis article. cole tare placedin ont ofthe Teint recording option thats valable —Esentaly, Ran’ made Sst what sensor, caked a Bayer er. é on dgtal SLAs, Compact System sounds ke. Rs thera data prety Nataly, the mage generat by Tip Cameras, and cther high-qualty much stght from the camera's the sensor and ter wouldnt make digtal cameras your camera hes sensor Ina dtl camera tho much sengo to the unaided eye, so CE Yee | iscotion you have accesso photogaphicimagsis, as!'m sure the signal fom the sensor fed into SER | ech cher trage qty ranthe youre var, capt en aecrenic the canons mage process 8 chdciecserad standard JPEG fe format. image sensor This sensor as milons combination of computer electronics SEITE Fist, theneme.Forsome oy ahotocels tat produoe achage and software weich ts the estrone reason Paws ctenwrtton 2s when they ae exposed tolight the _brghness data fom th sonsor Pitcpeaisir FAW, ethough red aeeme gar thal the ighrth chrge. ache ore color the Bayer pepper Yo know why, isnt an acronym, igtal camera sensors dort record ‘ile nto afl colour dg mage that proper soit doesnt needa be witen theca ofthe gh iting them ust yu can view an pi. incoptasike that. Welluse the the brightness, soaspecil mossicof Prt ofthat proces Incudes 70. bortsCestaSetes | era rirediucing the bit- depth ofthe basic image data (the amount of 1s and 0s used by a commuter rive each pie, usualy rom 36-2 (12 bis pe channel or even 48k (16 bits por er channel, wich ‘a emailer and more easly processed fie, but loses some colour depth because of ‘he smaller palette that can be representod by that many its. Other adustments tothe colour balance, such as unusual te bak setting, can ato reduce image quay, a8 wil heawy noise reduction In order to save space onthe memory card, produce faster transfers and make it easier to display anc print the photograph on ‘ compute, the mage fs usually converted 10 ‘2 compressed JPEG fle, Unfortunately PEG ‘compression also reduces the mage qual, end can introduce artefacts into some areas o the image, The main advantage of Raw shooting, channel to 24-08 bi ‘qusly, i that it bypasses the in-camera image ‘2s white balance, saturation, sounds logical, butts no sng that takes place inthe ie taken, and lroversible ones the image has been comerted to a JPEG fle, By shooting Faw rode, you at rm tha improvement in vera image processing, su sharpness eo, T realy. The p cameras pro-cot before the RAW PROCESSING can make the posing adjustments ator the shot has been taken, and # youneed to ‘change them yeu can do so as long as you have the ginal Raw le. The downs ai fe recording i of ‘couse that tha saved flee are much ger, they tke alot longer to save tothe memory ‘ard, and you can fewer f ham on there. For a typical 16MP DSLR, ‘high qualty JPEG tle willbe around BME, while @ aw fle wil be around 25M, over three tmas the zo Many ofthe mere recent DSLRs have the atilty to reoord Raw and JPEG image les simultaneously. Tishas the advantage ofthe JPEG with the versailty and ‘quay of Fay, but kes up even more spac fon your memery card. Fortunately the price of very large men 9 almost daiy, ‘so his needn't be much of a problem, LM MODI ala RAW PROCESSING Adobe Camera Raw Interface Adobe Camera Raw isn’t as difficult as it looks hotoshop comes with Adobe Camera Raw, widely Camera Raw is a very complex pioce of software, but regarded as the best Raw file processing software ‘thanks to a well designed interface that breaks down the currently available. It offers a wide range of processing processing workflow into easily managed sections, it's not ‘options that enable you to get the best out of your ‘that difficult to use. Like the rest of Photoshop, it’s easy photographs, including exposure adjustment, sharpening, __to get started, but mastering the subtleties of its more noise reduction, colour correction and automatic correction advanced options takes time and practice. Let's take a look for lens distortion. It is regularly updated to maintain at the interface and see what it has to offer. compatibility with the latest cameras and lense: Toolbar ‘This hold all the main selectable tools, most of wich are sia totocs i the main Photoshop interface, eluding Zoom, Hand, Crop, Straighten, Spot Remove, Red Eye Removal, anda newy-addod feature that can acd a raced iter 1 your picture, Control Palette ris isthe main flog palate, wshich contains the conto for each tabbed section. Most ofthe controls are sliders, and you can see results of each adjustment both in real-time onthe histogram and inthe main image window. Image Window “Tiss the main window deplaying the mage you'e curently working (on. All changes that you make during Fay eating willbe visible nee. You ‘can zoom ino the mage using the magnifcaton controls atthe bottom lf or use the usual CTRL + and CTRL shortcuts, You can see what et your edtng has had by checking ant unchecking the preview option at topraht Output Options ‘tthe batiom of the soreen youl id the conto for when you've ished your eda, Ifyou ck onthe bie tink you'lse0 a ange of etput option, sine Adobe Camera Raw can procass your pictures inarange of sizes, You Coan also save your exits back nto the Faw fle to keep them for ater 72. wontscnstesoiae