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Exercises PDF
Exercises PDF
EXERCISE 1:PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 16 : SOME/ANY
EXERCISE 49 : COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
EXERCISE 51 : COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
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EXERCISE 1 PRONOUNS
Complete the following sentences with the necessary "Subject Pronouns" or "Object Pronouns".
Subject Pronouns Object Pronoun
I Me
You You
He Him
She Her
It It
We Us
They Them
Example: Mary doesn't love me, but.............................. love her very much.
Mary doesn't love me, but I love her very much.
She is not in love with ............................... but I am in love with....
She is not in love with me, but I am in love with her.
1. Mary has got a lot of books............................... is putting .............................. on the shelves.
2. The thief is trying to run away and the policeman is running after ................................
3. There is a girl sitting on the chair, and the nurse is looking after ................................
4. The boy is standing near the board and is writing the sentences on ................................
5. The children are eating apples............................... are eating .............................. in the garden.
6. The girl is in the ambulance and the doctor is taking.............................. to (the) hospital.
7. Jack is sitting in front of Helen. He is not sitting behind ................................
8. There are a lot of dogs in the garden, and my daughter is playing with ................................
9. The woman is taking the boy home............................... is carrying .............................. in her arms.
10. There are a lot of snakes on the farm, but I am not afraid of................................
11. The girl has a car but she cannot drive .................. because .................. doesn't have a driving licence.
12. She says that she is afraid of............................... because I have piercing looks.
13. She thinks that.............................. am not interested in Turkish music.
14. I am sitting next to Caroline................... are close friends and everybody is jealous of.........................
15. The woman is very poor; therefore,.............................. is begging for money in the streets.
16. The birds are in the tree....................... are singing happily and we are listening to ............................
17. She doesn't want to go out with..............................; she thinks that I am not handsome.
18. If you see Melissa, tell.............................. that.............................. love ................................
19. The girl is in bed. .............................. is sleeping like an angel.
20. My twin-brother looks like ............................... but I don't love .............................. very much.
21. Helena hates ............................. but I love .............................. very much.
22. The bus is at the bus-stop and the women are getting on ........................ with their children.
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EXERCISE 2 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS
Complete the following sentences with the “Possessive Adjective” or “Possessive Pronoun”
Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns
My mine
Your yours
His his
Her hers
Its its
Our ours
Their theirs
Example: This is my friend, Maria. ....................…husband is a teacher, (she)
This is my friend, Maria. Her husband is a teacher.
1) ......................... neighbour's house is bigger than. ................... (we)
2) Those are not............................. children. ...... .... ... are in the cinema now. (we)
3) .............................. teacher always confuses your name with ............................... (I)
4) My book is more interesting than...... ..................... I think, (you)
5) Rose wears ear-rings, but........................ ear-rings are more expensive than hers. (I)
6) The dog is eating a bone. .... .......... . teeth are. very sharp, (it)
7) This pencil isn't............................; it is mine, (you)
8) I don't think that is ... .......... ....; .... ............. suitcase is green, (she)
9) The boys are riding on ........... .... ... bicycles in the street, (they)
10) We are listening to our teacher, not................................ (you)
11) Please pass these books to your friends. They are.......... ...... .. (they)
12) I always buy .............................. sister a box of chocolate at this supermarket. (I)
13) .. ...... .........umbrella is not black. It is blue. (I)
14) The man is going to the cinema wit…………………. wife, (he)
15) These are Mr. and Mrs. Brown. That is ............................ house, (they)
16) There are some books on the desk, but they are not.......................... (we)
17) Is your brother a businessman? ............................ is a medical doctor. (I)
18) There is a car in front of the building. Is it ..... ..... ....? (you)
19) Look at that dog over there! .... ..... ..... eyes are blue, (it)
20) Zeynep's bag is very heavy, but............................ is very light. (I)
21) Our house is near the school, but ..... ..... ..... house is not. (they)
22) He is my room-mate. ......... ....... name is Peter, (he)
23) My father is more successful than ......... ..... .... father, (she)
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24) Don't bother to bring a camera; you can use .... ..... .... . (I)
25) Helens dog is more playful than ........................ (you)
EXERCISE 3 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS
Complete the following sentences with a "Subject Pronoun", "Object Pronoun" or "Possessive Adjective".
Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Possessive Adjectives
I me my
you you your
he him his
she her her
it it its
we us our
you you your
they them their
Example: I love Julia, but................... doesn't love me. (she / her)
I love Julia, but she doesn't love me.
................name is Anna Vissi, and..............come from Greece.
Everybody loves.................. (I / me / my)
My name is Anna Vissi, and I come from Greece. Everybody loves me.
1. My sister is a medical doctor and ................... works in Germany, but I don't know ................... phone
number.(she/her)
2. Can you help ................... with ................... homework? (I / me / my)
3. Mary writes to.................... but they don't write to her very often, (they /them / their)
4. ..................always spend ................... holidays in Spain with ................... friends, (we / us / our)
5. Melissa doesn't tell................... the truth, and ................... am very sorry for it. (I / me / my)
6. The teacher always asks ................... very difficult questions whenever ................... have an English
exam. (they / them / their)
7. ................... is my girlfriend.................... name is Silvia, but................... cannot speak Turkish very well,
(she / her)
8. The boys are riding ................... bicycles in the street, and ................... are very cheerful but I cannot see
...................faces very well, (they / them / their)
9. Helen is going to school with................... boyfriend today.................... school is a long way from here,
(she / her)
10. The teacher is looking at.................... but................... are not listening to her, because ................... friend
is telling................... a funny story, (we / us / our)
11. ................... are taking................... children to the zoo in the afternoon, aren't...................? (they / them /
their)
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12. ................... is very beautiful. I think I am in love with....................but................... father doesn't let me
go out with.................... (she/her)
13. I always help Melissa, but she never helps ................... with ................... homework. She thinks
that................... am very lazy. (I / me / my)
14. I have got two children, and I love ................... very much, but................... don't love me so much.
(they / them / their)
15. I don't like ................... because ................... is very selfish, but I like ................... sister, (she / her)
1) You can borrow.......................... camera if you haven't got one. I don’t need ... .... ...... ...
2) He always tells................. what the problem is and I always help ...... .... ...... ..with …………
3) I always see Jane and Marry at the comer, but............................ never greet.......................
4) Your car is here but I can't find …………… Do you know where ............................ car is?
5) If your girlfriend is in Istanbul, why don't you bring ................ to the party?
6) My sister and I both have sports car; her car is red and ......... ............ is black.
7) If anyone arrives late, tell.......................... not to enter the room without my permission.
8) Our children want to go camping this summer; what about........................ children?
9) I know Sharon very well....... ..... .... is a very good friend of.. ..... ...... ...
10) Helen is very rich. ............................ collection of coins is extremely valuable.
11) I have got a cat.... .... ..... .... name is Cancan, and I love ............................ very much.
12) ............................ am looking for my book everywhere, but I can't find .............................
13) My father knows Mary very well, and that's why he doesn't trust .... .......... ...
14) Where are your seats? I am looking for ............................ but I can't find .. .... .... ....
15) Whoever is at the door, tell. .... .... .... I am not in.
16) She is trying to frighten............................. but I am not afraid of..... ....... ... anymore.
17) She is crying because the teacher is very angry with .... .. ............
18) Please take these books and give ..... ....... .... to Helen, because ....... ......... belong to ..............
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19) Her parents live in Istanbul, but...................... live in Kars and ..... ........ love...............
20) We don't love .............................. French teacher. Do you love... ..... .... ?
21)Their house is very comfortable, but mine is more comfortable than ....... ..... ..... .
22) My suitcase is very heavy, but... ..... .... suitcase is heavier than ............................... Mary
23) It is not necessary for...............to buy the book. I can lend you ...... ......... I don't need ............
24) I forgot to bring my wallet with ..................... have you got.......................?
25) I always go to the cinema in. ......... ........ free time.
26) The cat has got a fish;............... ..... is in........ .... .... mouth.
27) If.............................. don't pass the exam, will.............................. take ...................... again, Rose?
28) There is an old lady with a dog on ....... knee and there are two men with pipes in ............ mouths.
29) I don't think that Helen is a reliable girl, so ..................... never lend............................. any money.
30) He is such a rich man that..................... doesn't care how ...... ........... spends ........ money.
EXERCISE 5 POSSESSIVE FORMS OF NOUNS
Rewrite the following sentences using the "Possessive Forms" of Nouns with "Apostrophe" (..............,'s) or
(.........').
Example: The doctor has a new car. The doctor's car is new.
The doctors have blue eyes. The doctors' eyes are blue.
1) The girl has a pretty dress
2) The girls have pretty dresses
3) The old man has white hair
4) The old men have white hair
5) The cat has green eyes
6) The king has a beautiful palace
7) Melissa has a new bicycle
8) The lion has sharp teeth
9) All the girls have new skirts for the festival
10) The teachers have a room on the third floor
11) The students have books on their desks
12) All the horses have white manes
13) The servants have a bedroom downstairs
14) Donkeys have long ears
15) Some dogs have short tails
16) These children have dirty faces
17) The fishermen have an old net
18) The child has a new toy
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19) Some women have short hair
20) All the men have black hats
21) The teachers have a beautiful staff-room
22) The man has a long beard
23) An eagle has sharp eyes
24) Elephants have strong memories
25) The boy has a good intelligence quotient
EXERCISE 6 POSSESSIVE FORMS WITH "OF"
Rewrite the following sentences using the "Possessive Form" with "OF".
Example: The girl's name is Olga. The name of the girl is Olga.
The teachers' room is upstairs. The room of the teachers is upstairs.
1) John's brother is very clever :
2) Mary's sisters are fond of classical music :
3) Miranda's sister's name is Juliet :
4) This woman's children go to kindergarten :
5) The children's toys amuse them very much :
6) I don't know Peter's telephone number :
7) Tom's car is not very expensive :
8) Madonna's mother is rolling in money :
9) Muge's cat's name is Cancan :
10) The boys bicycle is brand new :
11) Janet loves Chopin's music very much :
12) The dog's teeth are beginning to fall out :
13) My grandfather's farm is quite large :
14) My mother and father's friends are at home :
15) Picasso's paintings seem strange to me :
16) Mary and Jane's weddings are today :
17) Mary says that she is Peter's cousin :
18) Peter and Mary's children are very smart :
19) Pasteur and Fleming's discoveries are very important:
20) My friend's dog is very clever :
21) Your mother's hands are very large :
22) Angela's sister is out of her mind :
23) Julia's father is very old :
24) The girls' skirts are very short :
25) The students' teacher is very happy :
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26) We don't obey the captain's orders :
27) The man's loyally to her is adorable :
28) What do you think of Oya's latest novel? :
29) We are talking about her husband's death :
30) I got well again under the doctor's treatment :
EXERCISE 16 SOME/ANY
Answer the following questions using "SOME" or "ANY".
Example: Are there any children in the garden?
a. Yes, there are some children in the garden.
b. No, there are not any children in the garden.
Is there any milk in the bottle?
a. Yes, there is some milk in the bottle.
b. No, there is not any milk in the bottle.
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1. Is there any sugar in the tea?
a. Yes, ....................................................................................
b. No,.............................................................................
2. Are there any boys in the library?
a. Yes, .......................................................................................
b. No,..........................................................................
3. Are there any waiters in the cafeteria?
a. Yes,.............................................................................
b. No...............................................................................
4. Have you got any time to play tennis with me?
a. Yes.........................................................................................
b. No...............................................................................
5. Are there any candles on the cake?
a. Yes.........................................................................................
b. No.............................................................................
6. Is there any flour in the cupboard?
a. Yes, .......................................................................................
b. No.....................................................................................
7. Have you got any English books at home?
a. Yes, .....................................................................................
b. No...................................................................................
8. Do you speak any foreign languages?
a. Yes.........................................................................................
b. No................................................................................
9. Do you have any children?
a. Yes, ......................................................................................
b. No...................................................................................
10. Does your friend have any money to take a trip?
a. Yes.........................................................................................
b. No..................................................................................
EXERCISE 17 SOME /ANY
Complete the following sentences with "SOME" or "ANY".
1) You can call us ............. ... .. day you want.
2) Would you like .......... .. .. orange juice?-Yes, please.
3) You have to inform the bank of....... .... ..... change of address.
4) He doesn't have ... ................. experience of this kind of work.
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5) 5. I can get... .. .... ... information about France from the tourist office.
6) Can’t have. ................... chocolate, please?
7) Peter and Alison haven't got.............. .. .children.
8) There is still .. ... ............. chocolate cake left. Would you like another piece?
9) We can go to .. .... .. .. restaurant you want.
10) Please phone me if you have ..... .... .. ... problems.
11) I am going to ask ............ .. .... of you a loan.
12) Could you give me ............. ... bread? - Yes, certainly.
13) There are... .... .. ... people waiting outside.
14) Do you have ............................. previous experience about this kind of job?
15) She needs .............. ..... paper to write on.
16) She has to do .. .................. housework.
17) We go out To a restaurant with .... .... ...... other people.
18) When can f visit the museum? -You can visit the museum. ...................... time you want.
19) Can 1 give you .... ..... .... .....advice?
20) I don't have ... ................. free time today.
21) I need........................... help with my homework. Are you free?
22) Is there .... .... .. .. room in the ear for me? -No, there isn't.. ....... .....
23) There is .............................. fruit, but there aren't...... .. .... vegetables.
24) ............................ bright light at night is an attraction to mosquitoes.
25) ........................ . money you find in the street must be taken to the police station.
26) There are not.............................. factories in Bingöl.
27) Paul is going to invite....................children to his party.
28) My mother doesn't give the children ...................... food.
29) I haven't got................... .. money on me, so I cannot go to the cinema.
30) Are there .... .... .. ... eggs in the fridge?
31) There is. .... ................. milk in the bottle.
32) You can hire a car at.... ... .... .... airport.
33) ....... ........ .... taxi will take you to she train station.
34) Is there .................... .. snow on the road, 1 wonder?
35) I think there isn't... ................... traffic on the road today.
EXERCISE 18 MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF/ LOTS OF
Complete the following sentences with "MUCH", "MANY", "A LOT OF" or "LOTS OF".
Countable Nouns
I have a lot of books. I have lots of books. I do not have many books. Do I have many books?
Uncountable Nouns
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She has a lot of time. She has lots of time. She does not have much time. Does she have much time?
1) There are ................................................. students in the garden.
2) There are not................................................. students in the garden.
3) Are there ................................................. students in the garden?
4) Stella has got................................................. information about her husband's hiding place.
5) Stella has not got................................................. information about her husband's hiding place.
6) Has Stella got................................................. information about her husband's hiding place?
7) There is ................................................. vinegar in this bottle.
8) There is not................................................. vinegar in this bottle.
9) Is there ................................................. vinegar in this bottle?
10) Are there ................................................. warships in the harbour?
11) Does Shania have ................................................. knowledge about Turkish history?
12) Is there ................................................. soup in your bowl?
13) Have you got................................................. money in your pocket?
14) I have not got................................................. patience.
15) I think there is ................................................. wine in the bottle.
16) Are there ................................................. candles on the cake?
17) My brother eats too ................................................. meat.
18) Did you invite ................................................. guests to your wedding party?
19) I have................................................. work to do today.
20) You had better hurry up because you have not got............................................... time.
21) We learn ................................................. things from our beloved teachers.
22) Is there ................................................. sugar in your tea?
23) There is not................................................ petrol in my car.
24) How................................................. flour do you need to make a cake?
25) Are there ................................................ women in front of the cinema?
26) There is not................................................ jam in that jar.
27) Have you got................................................ friends in London?
28) Do we have ................................................. knowledge about the Bush administration?
29) There are ................................................. pairs of shoes under the table.
30) I haven't got................................................. money at the moment, so I can't go to the cinema.
EXERCISE 19 HOW MUCH /HOW MANY
Complete the questions with "HOW MUCH" or "HOW MANY".
Example : A: How much ice-cream has Janet got? B: Janet has got a lot of ice-cream.
A: How many days are there in a week? B: There are seven days in a week.
1. A: ..... ...................... .... ............. teeth have you got?
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B: I have got thirty two teeth.
2. A:...................... .... ..................... time has she got?
B: She has got a lot of time.
3. A:................ .... ..... ... ............. bars of soap would you like?
B: I would like two bars of soap, please,
4. A: .................................. .......... pounds of meat do you want?
B: I want three pounds of meal, please.
5. A:. ................................................. orange juice do you want to buy?
B: I want to buy some orange juice, please.
6. A:............................. ..... .... ......... bottles of vinegar do you want?
B: I want three bottles of vinegar, please.
7. A:........... .......................... .... . students are there on the bus?
B: There are ten students on the bus.
8. A:..... .... .............................. cats has Rita got?
B: Rita has got three cats.
9. A:............................. ... ................ flour is there in the jar?
B: There is a lot of flour in the jar.
10. A: ..... ..... .......................... .. money does she spend on her clothes?
B: She spends all her money on her clothes.
11. A:.................. .... ..... ................... packets of flour do you want to buy?
B: I want to buy two packets of flour, please.
12. A:. ........................ .... .... ............ litres of milk would you like?
B: I would like six litres of milk.
13. A:... ...... ........................... ... .... milk is there in the fridge?
B: There is a little milk in the fridge.
14. A:... ..................... ....................... chairs are there in the sitting room?
B: There are only a few chairs in the sitting room.
15. A:..... .... ........................... ...... boxes of chocolate does she want to buy?
B: She wants to buy three boxes of chocolate.
16. A:.................................................... cups of coffee do you drink every day?
B: I drink three cups of coffee every day.
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EXERCISE 20 HOW MUCH / HOW MANY
Write questions for the answers using "HOW MUCH" or "HOW MANY".
Example: A: How much money have you got in your pocket?
B: I have got a lot of money in my pocket.
A: How many students are there on the bus?
B: There are ten students on the bus.
1. A: .............................................
B: There are seven days in a week.
2. A: .............................................
B: Betty has got a lot of time to do her homework.
3. A: .............................................
B: Our teacher has got a lot of patience.
4. A: .............................................
B: There are two stray dogs in the garden.
5. A: .............................................
B: I want three pounds of meat, please.
6. A: .............................................
B: I am going to buy some orange juice, please.
7. A: .............................................
B: There are lots of people at the wedding party.
8. A: .............................................
B: We have got a lot of flour in the jar.
9. A: .............................................
B: She spends all her money on her clothes.
10. A: .............................................
B: I have a lot of pain in my leg.
11. A: .............................................
B: I would like six litres of milk.
12. A: .............................................
B: There are only a few chairs in the sitting room.
13. A: .............................................
B: Kelly wants to buy three boxes of chocolate.
14. A: .............................................
B: There are six women in the corner.
15. A: .............................................
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B: I drink three glasses of beer in the evening.
16. A: .............................................
B: There is not any information in this book.
EXERCISE 30 ONE/ONES
Complete the following sentences with "ONE" or "ONES".
1) A: Which is your jacket?
B: The red woollen ..............................with pockets.
2) A: Are you going to buy a new car?
B: Yes, we are going to sell our present car and buy a new...............................
3) A: Is your car new?
B: No, my car is very old, but I cannot afford to buy a new...............................
4) A: Which envelopes do you want to buy?
B: The big ............................... please.
5) A: Which magazines would you like to read?
B: I would like to read the French...............................
6) A: Can I have some oranges, please?
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B: Certainly, which .............................. do you want?
7) A: Is this your book?
B: Yes, this is my book, but that.............................. is hers.
8) A: This knife is dull. Do you have a sharp.............................?
B: Yes, we have a sharp ............................... but it is very expensive.
9) A: Do you like tennis?
B: Yes, I like all games, but tennis and basketball are the ..............................I like best.
10) A: Was the last lesson difficult?
B: Yes, it was, but this .............................. we are doing now is very easy.
11) A: Is your plate dirty?
B: Yes, it is; bring me a clean ............................... please.
12) A: Are these books good?
B: Yes, they are, but those .............................. are much better than these.
13) A: Do you love cakes?
B: Yes, I do, especially the .............................. that my mother makes.
14) A: We have got a lot of records. Which .............................. do you want to listen to?
B: I want to listen to the .............................. that you gave me yesterday.
15) A: Which books did you really enjoy reading?
B: The..............................I really enjoyed were love stories.
16) A: Do you like shrimps?
B: Yes, I like them very much but I prefer the North Sea .............................. to the Mediterranean
17) A: Which would you rather love, a rich wife or a pretty..............................?
B: I would rather love a pretty...............................
18) A: Are you still using these old chairs?
B: Yes, we are still using the old chairs, as the new .............................. have not arrived yet.
EXERCISE 31 ELSE
Complete the following sentences with the words on the list below.
what else where else who else everybody else
somebody else anybody else nobody else everyone else
someone else anyone else no one else everything else
something else anything else nothing else everywhere else
somewhere else anywhere else nowhere else
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Example: A: Did you dance with Jane at the party?
B: No, I didn't. I danced with someone else at the party.
1) A: Does your father work here?
B: No, he doesn't. He works . .. .. ... ... .. .. .... ....
2) A: Did you visit Cathy?
B: No, we didn't visit Cathy, but we visited ................. .. ... .. ..... ....
3) A: Would you like to drink lea?
B: No, I wouldn't, but I would like to drink.... ...... ....... .............. .......................
4) A: Did you speak to Tom?
B: No, 1 didn’t, but 1 spoke to . ... .... ..... ... .... .... .. ...
5) A: Did you go to Japan last year?
B: Yes, we did, but this year we are going ..... .. .. ...... .....................
6) A: Did you only ask James?
B: No, I didn't only asked James, but I asked... ... .... .... .... ... ...............
7) A: Are Jane and Maria here?
B: Yes, they are, but there isn't ... ... ... .... .... ..... .. .. .
8) A: Would you like ... ... .. .......... ....... ................. to drink?
B: No, I wouldn't like to drink .... .... .. .. .... ... .... ......
9) A: Did you go .............................. ........... ... .. after the party?
B: No, we didn’t go .. ... .. .. ................. ...... .. after the party.
10) A: Are you going to London this summer?
B: No, I am going . ...... ... ... ............... ......... . this summer.
11) A: Have you been to London?
B: Yes, I have, but. I have never been ... . . ........ ............ .......... ...
12) A:.......... ..... ..... .... .. .................. did you do?
B: I did ....................... . .. .. .. .., I only slaved at home.
13) . A: Has Kate been to France?
B: No, she hasn’t, but she has been .. ... .... ... ... .. ..
14) A: Can doctors cure cancer?
B: No, they can't, but they can cure ................ .. .. .. .... ....
15) A: ... ............................... .. ... ... have they invited?
B: They have invited .............................but the Browns.
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EXERCISE 33 COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
Complete the following sentences with the Comparative forms of "Adjectives" in brackets.
Example : My sister is shorter than I /I am / me. (short)
I am heavier than she / she is / her. (heavy)
Peter looks much younger than he / he does / him. (young)
1) I am...... . ... .. .... .. ... my father (is), (tall)
2) The Taj Mahal is ......... ... .. ... ... ..... . the While House (is), (old)
3) This boxer is a bit.. .............................. ....... ......... the oilier one. (fast)
4) The Sun is..... .. .... ... .. .. ...... the Earth (is), (big)
5) The North Pole is a bit ........... .... .. .. ..... the South Pole (is), (cold)
6) Those grapes are a lot....... ...................... ..................... the others, (sweet)
7) Everest is ....... ... ..... .... .... .. .. any other mountain in the world, (high)
8) Interest rates are .................................... in Britain ................. in France, (low)
9) The Mississippi is ........................................................ the Kızılırmak (is), (long)
10) Today is. .......... .. .. .. .. .. ..it was yesterday, (hot)
11) The upstairs woman is ..................................... ... the downstairs woman, (young)
12) This place is .... ... .... ... ....... .......... that deserted island, (safe)
13) Silver is................. .. .... .. ... ...gold, (cheap)
14) The sea today is much ................ ........................ it was yesterday, (calm)
15) The Pacific Ocean is ........ ...... .. ... .... ..... the Atlantic Ocean, (deep)
16) Your mother looks .. .. .. ... .... .... ... ...your father (does), I think, (old)
17) Olga is ............................................................ her brother, (fat)
18) The apartment was ............................................. we had expected, (little)
19) February is ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ... ...April, (cold)
20) A train is not.............................. .......................... a bus. (quick)
21) The United States of America is .. .... ... ..... .... .. .. Canada, (large)
22) My brother is ........................................................... your brother (is), (smart)
23) The Pound is ........................................................... the United States Dollar (is), (strong)
24) Diana is ... ..... ... .. ... .. .. .... she was two years ago. (thin)
25) Today my secretary seems to be ....... .................................... she was yesterday, (busy)
26) She is very much ... .. .. ... .... ...... .... . she was last year, (happy)
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27) Today I am ................ ...................... I was yesterday, (angry)
28) Living in the country is ............................................ living in the city, (healthy)
29) The weather is Konya is .. ... ... .. .... .... .. .. the weather in Antalya, (dry)
30) This street is ..... ........... ......................... the street in which the children are playing, (noisy)
31) Silvana is much................. ........................ ... the other girls I know, (pretty)
32) I think Steven is ......................................................... David (is), (friendly)
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EXERCISE 38 COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
Make sentences using the Comparative and Superlative forms of the "Adjectives" according to the information
on the chart below.
Rose Mary Jane
tall ** * ***
1 beautiful *** ** *
2 attractive ** * ***
3 charming *** * **
4 careful * *** **
5 intelligent *** ** *
6 successful ** * ***
7 happy * *** *
8 cheerful *** ** *
1. a
b
c
2. a
b
c
3. a
b
c
4. a
b
c
5. a
b
c
6. a
b
c
7. a
b
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c
8. a
b
c
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EXERCISE 44 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF NOUNS
Complete the following sentences with the different quantities of "Nouns" using the "Words" in brackets.
MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
MANY + COUNTABLE NOUN
LITTLE + UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
FEW + COUNTABLE NOUN
Examples: a. Pamela has a lot of (much) time. (Positive)
b. Susan is more Time than Pamela (has). (Comparative) c. Alice has the most time of the three.
(Superlative)
a. Matilda has few friends.
b. Mary has fewer friends than Matilda (has)
c. Janet has the fewest friends of the three.
1. a. Helga has .... .. ....... ... children, (a lot of (many) / more / the most)
b. Rita has ..................................... children ...................... Helga (has).
c. Clarissa has .............................. children of the three.
2. a. George has .......... .......... money, (little / less / the least)
b. Tom has .... .. ....... .. . money .. ........... George (has).
c. Jim has ..................................... money of the three.
3. a. Aysegül has ........................ imagination, (little / less / the least)
b. Fates has ..................................... imagination .... .......... Aysegül (has).
c. Ipek has ............ .... .... imagination of the three.
4. a. There was..... .... ... .. ... pollution in Ankara, (a lot of (much) / more / the most)
b. There is ...................................... pollution in Ankara ...................... there was five years ago.
c. The managing director gets ..... ... .... .... money in our office.
5. a. There were ...................................... educational programs, (few / fewer / the fewest)
b. There are .... .... ...... .... .... educational programmes .... ...... there were two years ago.
c. We have got ..... ....................... educational programmes this year.
6. a. Monica has ..................................... books, (few / fewer / the fewest)
b. Rosemary has .. .... .. ... .......books.. ..... ...... Monica (has).
c. Nancy has .............. ............. books of the three.
7. a. Dilara has ..................................... patience, (a lot of (much) / more / the most)
b. Claudia has....... ........ .........patience... ..... ...Dilara (has).
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c. Marcella has ... .... ............... patience of the three.
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EXERCISE 46 COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS (SIMILARITY)
Combine the following pairs of sentences using the following "Comparative Structure".
AS + ADVERB + AS
Example: Rose speaks German very well. Kate speaks German very well, too.
Rose speaks German as well as Kale (does).
Kale ran very fast. Melissa ran very fast, too.
Melissa ran as fast as Kale (did)
1. Melissa speaks Polish very fluently. Susan speaks Polish very fluently, too.
2. Tom works very hard. Diana works very hard, too.
3. My father plays the piano very badly. My mother plays the piano very badly, too.
4. Paul began playing the piano very late. Peter began playing the piano very late, too.
5. Martha started very early. Claudia started very early, too.
6. Peter writes very slowly. Tom writes very slowly, too.
7. Marry danced very gracefully. Belly danced very gracefully, too.
8. Tina runs very fast. Hilary runs very fast, too.
9. I play the piano very beautifully. Sally plays the piano very beautifully, too,
10. Lara speaks Russian very perfectly. Olga speaks Russian very perfectly.
11. Betty smokes a lot (much). Carol smokes a lot (much), too.
12. The President spoke very carelessly. The Premier spoke very carelessly, too.
13. My sister drives very carefully. My brother drives very carefully, too.
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14. Tom escaped from prison mysteriously. Roger escaped from prison mysteriously, too.
15. The man expressed his opinion clearly. The girl expressed her opinion clearly, too.
EXERCISE 49 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
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Complete the following sentences with "IN", "THAN", "OF", "THE", "THE SAME" or "AS ... AS".
1) My father is older.......................................... my mother.
2) Istanbul is .......................................... most crowded city .......................................... Turkey.
3) Tom Cruise is .......................................... handsome .......................................... Mel Gibson.
4) Antalya is not.......................................... beautiful.......................................... Istanbul.
5) Eileen is .......................................... most beautiful girl.......................................... the world.
6) The city is noisier .......................................... the country.
7) The cheetah is .......................................... fastest animal.......................................... all.
8) Julia is .......................................... richest.......................................... the three.
9) You are losing weight but you are eating.......................................... as you usually do.
10) We stayed at.......................................... cheapest hotel.......................................... the town.
11) Everest is ................ highest mountain in the world. It is higher........... any other mountain in Turkey.
12) It was one of.......................................... most enjoyable holidays we have ever had.
13) Debbie went to .......................................... school as Ann did.
14) I don't read .......................................... quickly .......................................... he does.
15) I wear .......................................... perfume as my mother does.
16) ..................................... older you grow,.......................................... more intolerant you become, father!
17) The women in this factory work under.......................................... conditions as me.
18) There weren't................................. many people at this meeting......................................... the last one.
19) The meal cost less.......................................... I expected.
20) Greenland is .......................................... biggest island.......................................... the world.
21) My exam results are nearly.......................................... as yours; that's a real coincidence.
22) The leather coat is half.......................................... expensive .......................................... the fur one.
23) She makes more phone calls .......................................... anyone else.
24) ................................more he studied,............................... easier for him to solve the maths problems.
25) The weather in Konya is drier .......................................... the weather in Antalya.
26) Your name is .......................................... as my uncle's.
27) December is colder ...................... November, but January is ................coldest............................... all.
28) My job is .......................................... difficult.......................................... your father's.
29) The food in Turkey is more delicious .......................................... the food in Germany.
30) Today my secretary is busier ......................................... she was yesterday.
31) The Toyota is .......................................... most economical car .......................................... the world.
32) The weather today is worse .......................................... it was yesterday.
33) You are more beautiful.............................. yesterday, less beautiful........................................ tomorrow.
34) Which is .......................................... hottest season of the year?
35) Who do you think is .......................................... most handsome actor?
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EXERCISE 50 PARALLEL COMPARATIVE (THE .... THE ...)
Rewrite the following sentences using the "Comparative Structure" below.
THE + COMPARATIVE..., THE + COMPARATIVE...
Example: If you eat more, you get fatter.
The more you eat, the fatter you get.
If you eat more, you will get fatter.
The more you eat, the fatter you will get.
1) If it becomes winner, you want to work less.
2) If the wage increases bigger, the rate of inflation is / will he higher.
3) If he had more free time, he felt more relaxed.
4) If she felt tired, she ran more slowly.
5) If he was more worried, he smoked more cigarettes.
6) If he smoked more cigarettes, he ate less.
7) If Rosemary gels richer, she becomes more selfish,
8) If I know more, I become more aware of my ignorance
9) If I work harder, I succeed / will succeed better.
10) If you climb higher, you can see more.
11) If he gets older, he becomes / will become more bad tempered,
12) If you read more carefully, you understand / will understand better.
13) If you work harder, the exam will be easier,
14) If I practise playing the piano more, I become / will become more frustrated.
15) If your children grow older, they become / will become more tolerant.
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EXERCISE 51 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
Answer the following questions.
1) A: What is the most expensive city in the world to live in?
B: .............................................................
2) A: What city in Turkey has the most crime?
B: .............................................................
3) A: Who is the tallest person in your family?
B: .............................................................
4) A: Which is more expensive, a Mercedes or a Rolls Royce?
B: .............................................................
5) A: Have you got more money or less money than your father has?
B: ............................................................
6) A: Which is longer, the Mississippi or the Amazon?
B: ............................................................
7) A: Is your mother as tall as your father (is)?
B
8) A: What is the name of the highest mountain in the world?
B: ............................................................................................
9) A: Which is more intelligent, a horse or a monkey?
B: ................................................................
10) A: What is the shortest month of the year?
B: .........................................................
11) A: What is the most popular sport in your country?
B: .............................................................
12) A: Do you always spend more money than your father?
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B: .........................................................
13) A: What is the most boring film you have ever seen?
B: ............................................................
14) A: Is your hair as long as it used to be?
B: ............................................................
15) A: Which is more comfortable, a train or a plane?
B: ...................................................................................................................................
16) A: Can you run as fast as your friend?
B: .............................................................
17) A: Who is the most famous person you have ever met?
B: .............................................................
18) A: Can you sleep more than eight hours a night?
B: ...................................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 52 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
Answer the following questions.
1. A: Who is the funniest comedian in Turkey?
B: .........................,....................................................................................................................
2. A: Who is the best football player in Turkey?
B: ............................................................................................................................. .....
3. A: Who is the richest person in Turkey?
B: ...................................................................................................... ........................ .... .........
4. A: Can you speak English as fluently as your teacher?
B: ...................................... .........................................................................................................
5. A: Who is the most cheerful person in your family?
B: ............................................................................................... .............................................
6. A: Which is the largest continent in the world?
B: ..........................................................................................................................................
7. A: What is the coldest month of the year?
B: ............................................................................................................................................
8. A: Is France more powerful than the United States of America?
B: ...................................... .........................................................................................................
9. A: Is an elephant taller or shorter than a donkey?
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10. A: Is the weather today better or worse than it was yesterday?
B: ............................................................................................................................................
11. A: Who is younger, your mother or your father?
B: ............................................................................................... ......... .............................. ....
12. A: Which is more expensive, Istanbul or Tokyo?
13. A: Is mathematics more difficult or less difficult than chemistry?
B: .............................................................................................................................................
14. A: Forty years ago, was life easier or more difficult than it is today?
B: ................................................................................................................................
15. A: What is the most difficult language in the world?
B: ........ ....................................................................... .... . ........................................ ............
16. A: Is a monkey more intelligent or less intelligent than a donkey?
B:……………………………………………………………………
17. A: Can you speak French as fluently as a Frenchman?
B: ...............................................................................................................................
18. A: Could you run as fast as a horse when you were younger?
B: ......................................................................................................................................
1) A: When……………………the children……………………tennis?
B: The children play tennis in the afternoon.
2) A: How……………………the students……………………the problems?
B: The students solve the problems easily.
3) A: What time……………………your sister……………………to bed?
B: My sister goes to bed at eleven o'clock.
4) A: How much money……………………your father……………………?
B: My father earns a lot of money.
5) A: Who……………………your father……………………to the cinema ever)'week?
B: My father takes me to the cinema every week.
6) A: What……………………you……………………with?
B: I write with a pen,
7) A: Where……………………your son……………………?
B: My son works in a hospital in Istanbul.
8) A: Who……………………your sister……………………?
B: I think she loves Kevin Costner.
9) A: How long……………………it ……………………you to go To school by bus?
B: It takes me twenty minutes to go to school by bus.
10) A: How long……………………your father……………………in the waiting room?
B: My father waits in the waiting room until the train comes.
11) A: With whom……………………Betty……………………in London?
B: Betty lives with her parents in London.
12) A: Who/whom……………………the teacher……………………a piece of advice?
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B: The teacher gives the students a piece of advice.
13) A: How much time……………………the doctors……………………to play tennis?
B: The doctors have a lot of time to play tennis.
14) A: How often……………………your brother……………………to the theatre?
B: My brother goes to the theatre twice a month.
15) A: How many hours……………………your sister……………………English every day?
B: My sister studies English for two hours every day.
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EXERCISE 61 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)
Write questions for the bold typed words in the following sentences.
Example: A: What time does Helen get up?
B: Helen gets up at seven o'clock.
1) A: ................................................................
B: Lillian arrives home at midnight.
2) A: ................................................................
B: My sister teaches English to the medical students.
3) A: ................................................................
B: My father walks to work because he doesn't have a car.
4) A: ................................................................
B: My father is a hairdresser.
5) A: ................................................................
B: No, he doesn't have breakfast at six o'clock.
6) A: ................................................................
B: The student lives in the mountains.
7) A: ................................................................
B: My father leaves work at five o'clock in the evening.
8) A: ................................................................
B: We visit our uncle at weekends.
9) A: ................................................................
B: Pamela speaks Polish very well.
10) A: ................................................................
B: Lolita is from Paris.
11) A: ................................................................
B: Oliver likes playing tennis with his English teacher.
12) A: ................................................................
B: Mandy gets up early on Monday mornings.
13) A: ................................................................
B: The book on the table is very interesting.
14) A: ................................................................
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B: Matilda works in a bank in London.
15) A: ................................................................
B: Yes, I go swimming on Sundays.
16) A: ................................................................
B: I have eggs for breakfast.
17) A: ................................................................
B: My sister goes to work by bus.
18) A:………………………………………………
B: My brother works for the B.H.C.
19) A:………………………………………………
B: I am fifteen years old.
20) A:………………………………………………
B: The weather is very told today.
21) A:………………………………………………
B: Yes, there is a television set in the living room.
22) A:………………………………………………
B: Rose waits until the teacher stops talking.
23) A:………………………………………………
B: My eyes are green.
24) A: ………………………………………………
B: There are three chairs in the garden.
25) A:………………………………………………
B: I have a lot of money in my pocket.
26) A:………………………………………………
B: William and Lucy play tennis in the evening.
27) A: ………………………………………………
B: I always go swimming in the morning.
28) A:………………………………………………
B: There is a tree in the garden.
29) A:………………………………………………
B: I am very well, thanks a lot.
30) A:………………………………………………
B: The Vivaldi CD is five pounds.
31) A:………………………………………………
B: There are sheep in the field.
32) A:………………………………………………
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B: The brown envelopes are two pounds.
33) A:………………………………………………
B: Janet has a bicycle.
34) A: ………………………………………………
B: My sister has got many friends in Istanbul.
35) A:………………………………………………
B: My parents go to the cinema on Saturday evenings.
36) A:………………………………………………
B: Melissa has got a lot of books in her house.
37) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: An accident happens in front of the hospital every day.
38) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: They go dancing every Saturday.
39) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: The summer comes after the spring.
40) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: The students go to Paris twice a year.
41) A:…………………………………………………………………..
B: Mary likes bungee jumping because it is very exciting.
42) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: Lisa speaks three languages perfectly.
43) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: My father is very fond of classical music.
44) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: No, I am not married.
45) A:…………………………………………………………………..
B: Her name is Elizabeth Taylor.
46) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: Five people live in my house.
47) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: My English teacher speaks English fluently.
48) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: My sister does her homework at home.
49) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: My brother has lunch at midday.
50) A: …………………………………………………………………..
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B: Silvia has got seven brothers.
51) A:…………………………………………………………………..
B: The teacher likes horror films.
52) A:…………………………………………………………………..
B: The children play football in front of the house.
53) A:…………………………………………………………………..
B: I always drink a glass of milk before midnight.
54) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: Alison works for ten hours every day.
55) A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: Helen doesn't want to go to the cinema with the teacher.
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1) Maggie listens to classical music on the radio, (often)
2) Maggie does not listen to classical music on the radio, (often)
3) Does Maggie listen to classical music on the radio? (often)
4) My father tells me the truth, (always)
5) 3. My father does not tell me the truth, (always)
6) Does my father tell me the truth? (always)
7) Our children get to school on time, (usually)
8) Our children do not get to school on time, (usually)
9) Do our children gel to school on time? (usually)
10) My mother takes sugar in her coffee, (generally)
11) My mother does not take sugar in her coffee, (generally)
12) Does my mother take sugar in her coffee? (generally)
13) Our English teacher helps the poor, (frequently)
14) Our English teacher does not help the poor, (frequently)
15) Does our English teacher help the poor (frequently)
16) My sister plays tennis on Saturdays, (sometimes)
Example: Lisa (put on) her clothes. She (get up) in the morning, (when)
Lisa puts on her clothes when she gets up in the morning.
1) Jane (not, understand) the reading passage. She (read) it twice, (until)
2) My teacher (get) angry with me. I (leave) my books at home, (if)
3) It (get) dark. We (turn on) the lights. (when)
4) I (always, play) tennis with her. I (start) doing my homework, (before)
5) Children (live) with their parents. They (get) married, (until)
6) I (get) dressed. I (finish) my work, (as soon as)
7) My father (smoke) a pipe. He (drive) his car. (while)
8) We (throw) a stone into the sea. It (sink) to the bottom, (if)
9) They (spend) their time visiting the historical places. They (be) in France, (while)
10) She (take) a shower. She (play) tennis in the morning, (as soon as)
11) I always (take off) my shoes. I (enter) a mosque, (before)
12) My father (shout at) me. I (come) home after midnight, (whenever)
13) I (go) to the dentist, I (have) toothache (the moment)
14) Pamela (not, sleep) well. She (have) some problems, (when)
15) There (be) no danger in using this machine. You (stick) to the safety regulations, (as long as)
16) I (always, wear) a seat-belt. I(have) an accident, (in case)
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EXERCISE 68 THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Complete the following sentences in "The Present Simple", using "The Correct Forms of the Verbs" on the lists
below.
A. SHINE, HAVE, SPEAK, LIKE, SPEND, DRINK, SMOKE, GO, TAKE, WEAR
1. I always ........................................... my dog for a walk in the park.
2. I don't want........................................... this jacket because it is very old.
3. Selda ...........................................English very fluently.
4. Who ........................................... listening to pop music in your family?
5. The moon and the stars ........................................... in the sky at night.
6. How much coffee does your mother ........................................... in a day?
7. Wendy ........................................... breakfast at six o'clock in the morning.
8. Who ........................................... a pipe in your family?
9. Mr. Brown never...........................................downtown by bus.
10. They always ........................................... their summer holidays in Antalya.
B. KNOW, RISE, STUDY, WATCH, DO, MAKE, HAVE, HELP, GET UP, BE
1. There ........................................... a lot of people in the garden now.
2. The students don't always ........................................... their homework in the evening.
3. The children............................................a picnic with their friends at the weekend.
4. The rich lady always ........................................... the poor.
5. Does the sun always ........................................... in the east?
6. My father doesn't........................................... everything about the history of this city.
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7. My mother ........................................... a lot of television at night.
8. Natalie doesn't usually ........................................... early on Sunday mornings.
9. Nora ...........................................English for two hours every night.
10. Does Mary ........................................... many pronunciation mistakes when she speaks English?
C. PLAY, PAY, GET, KEEP, STRIKE, FEEL, BUY, DO, RAISE, BECOME
1. All the time my mother........................................... the dishes, I listen to the radio.
2. You are happier as long as you ........................................... away from your wife.
3. The instant our music teacher ........................................... his hand. we start singing our national anthem.
4. 1 ......................................... backgammon with my friend till my father comes home.
5. Diana ........................................... attention to the traffic signs while she drives her car.
6. While I travel in a plane, I always ........................................... unrest.
7. Every time we go out in our car, our little boy ........................................... sick.
8. As I get older, I........................................... more suspicious of strangers.
9. I ring the bell as soon as the clock ........................................... ten.
10. If I go abroad, I always ........................................... presents for my children.
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EXERCISE 75 THE PAST SIMPLE (VERB: BE)
Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative".
Example : Was your father here ten minutes ago?
a. Yes, he was here ten minutes ago.
b. No, he was not here ten minutes ago.
Were your parents in London last year?
a. Yes, they were in London last year.
b. No, they were not in London last year.
13. Did your friends make many grammatical mistakes in the class yesterday?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
14. Did you eat an apple before breakfast this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
15. Did your sister wear her new dress to the party last week?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
16. Did your children do their homework in the evening?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
17. Did your teacher write a letter to your father?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
18. Did the students get up late this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
19. Did the Turkish workers build this bridge many years ago?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
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20. Did your father teach French to you?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
21. Did the woman tell you the truth about the bank robbery?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
22. Did the children sing Kalian songs at the party last night?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
23. Did you always think of your family in Belgium?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
24. Did your sister give him her telephone number the other day?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
A. SEND, COME, DRINK, GO, STRIKE, GET, LOSE, HAVE, BITE, BREAKOUT
1) The poor man died because he...................................... a lot of blood.
2) The cat......................................all the milk in the kitchen last night.
3) The dog......................................the boy and ran away.
4) We......................................some flowers to our teacher the other day.
5) When the war ....................................... we went to Spain as soon as possible.
6) When it......................................dark, we went home in a hurry.
7) We......................................our lunch before the train got to the station.
8) I did my homework before my father......................................home from work.
9) They......................................to the circus after they finished their work.
10) Melinda got up when the clock......................................seven.
B.DO, PAY, SLEEP, RUN AFTER, STAND UP, WEAR, BUY, CRY, FLYAWAY, FALL DOWN
1) The baby was very hungry and......................................all night long.
2) My father ......................................ten pounds for this book.
3) He was very tired and......................................for nine hours last night.
4) The cat climbed up the tree but the bird.......................................
5) The policeman saw the thief and......................................him.
6) The doctor sold his old car and ....................................a new one.
7) The teacher came into the room and the students.......................................
8) Rita ......................................a lot of homework before she went to bed.
9) The little girl......................................and hurt her knee.
10) Nermin.....................................her new dress to the party last night.
C.TAKE, HAVE, SWIM, SPEND, EAT, DRINK, BE, DRAW, BREAK, SEND
1) 1.................................... a lot of time walking by the river.
2) The children ......................................a good time at the party last night.
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3) We ......................................in the sea when the weather was sunny.
4) Melinda .................................... two cheese sandwiches before she went to school.
5) My sister ......................................two glasses of water before she went to bed last night.
6) We ......................................an important message to the leader of the tribe the other day.
7) I am sorry because I......................................her heart at the party last night.
8) The teacher ......................................a picture on the board half an hour ago.
9) We ......................................our dog for a walk in the park this morning.
10) We ......................................in Gölcük when the earthquake took place.
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6. They go to the cinema when they are bored.
7. When a fire breaks out, we call the fire brigade.
8. Whenever we have a party, I always play the piano.
9. I do not sleep very well when I have some problems.
10. Whenever I make a mistake, the teacher shouts at me.
11. They tell me that they don't know the answer to the question.
12. I am sorry that 1 can't come earlier.
13. I know that Mary speaks Spanish fluently.
14. It is strange that your mother doesn't know Turkish.
15. What you say has nothing to do with the subject.
16. It doesn't matter how much money she spends on her hooks.
17. She speaks so quietly that I can't hear what she says.
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EXERCISE 84 THE PAST SIMPLE (PREFERENCE)
Rewrite the following sentences using the structure below to express personal preferences in the Present and
Future.
I WOULD RATHER + DIFFERENT SUBJECT + THE PAST SIMPLE
Example : I would prefer you to save more money. I would rather you saved more money.
I would prefer him not to smoke. I would rather he didn't smoke.
1. I would prefer you to take life more seriously.
I would rather....................................................................................................................... .... ..... ... .... .... ...
2. I would prefer Kate not to wear blue jeans all the time.
I would rather..... .... ..... ......................................................................................................................................
3. 1 would prefer Frank not to buy so many presents.
I would rather .............................................................................................................. ........ ... .... .... .... ..
4. I would prefer Müge to stop spending so much money on clothes.
I would rather ............................................................................................................................................... .....
5. 1 would prefer you not to call me sugar.
1 would rather..... .... ... ... .. .... .... ........... ............ ..................................................................................
6. 1 would prefer Claudia to do her homework regularly.
I would rather .................................................................... ..... .. ... .... ... ... ... ..... .... ... .... ... .... ...
7. I would prefer Jane to come here tomorrow.
I would rather.................................................................................................................. ............... .. .
8. I would prefer Matilda to meet me at the hotel.
I would rather................. ... ... ...... ... ... ... ..... ...... ...... ................................................................................
9. I would prefer you not to wear that dress to the party.
I would rather ........................................................... .... .... ..... ..... .... ..... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ....
10. I would prefer our English teacher not to work on Sundays.
1 would rather ........................................................... ........... .... ... .......... ....... ....................... ...
11. I would prefer Rose not to criticize her friends so often.
I would rather ....................................................................................................... ... .. .... .. .. ... .... ..
12. I would prefer Wendy not to drive so fast through the streets of the city.
I would rather ......................................................................................................................................... .. ......
13. I would prefer Paul not to tell her the truth.
I would rather .................................................................................................................... .. ..........
14. I would prefer Julia not to speak to her father like that.
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I would rather .............................................................. ......................................................................
15. T would prefer my neighbour not to play the piano early in the morning.
I would rather .............................................. .................................................................... ..... ..
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EXERCISE 93 THE FUTURE SIMPLE (VERB: BE)
Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative”.
Example: Will you be in London on Saturday?
a. Yes, I will be in London on Saturday.
b. No, I will not be in London on Saturday.
1) Will you be happy when you get married to that girl?
a. Yes,
b. No,........................................... .................. ... ...................... ................... ...............
2) Will you be sorry if you lose all your money in gambling?
a. Yes,
b. No, .... .............................................. ........................... .............................................. ..
3) Will your parents be the members of this club in the future?
a. Yes,
b. No,................................................... ........................... .............. ...................... ........
4) 4. Will your father be rich if he finds a job in the Netherlands?
a. Yes,
b. No,............................................................................................... .................. ... .....
5) Will there be many doctors at the reception tomorrow?
a. Yes,
b. No, .......................................................................................... ..................... ...................
6) Will you always be my friend if 1 get married to another girl?
a. Yes,
b. No,........................................................................................ ........................ ...............
7) Will there be a famine in the country if it we don't have enough rain?
a. Yes,
b. No, ........................................................................................ ........................ .....
8) Will the weather be very windy tomorrow morning?
a. Yes,............................................... .................... ...........................................
b. No, ................................................................... ............................................
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9) Will all your teachers be at school on Saturday?
a. Yes,
b. No, ........................................................................................................................................
10) Will you be interested in photography if you leave your job?
a. Yes, b. No,
11) Will all the tourists be at the airport tonight?
a. Yes,.. .................... ............................................................................
b. No,........................................... ...................................................... .......
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EXERCISE 98 THE FUTURE SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS)
Combine the halves of the Following sentences by writing them. Put the corresponding letters in brackets.
1) ( ) -We will go for a swim
2) ( ) -The plane will take off
3) ( ) -We will stay at a hotel
4) ( ) - We will have lunch.
5) ( ) -I will always be under your service
6) ( )-We will always remember Atatürk
7) ( ) -Medusa will sing the songs
8) ( ) - We will go dancing
9) ( ) -I will drink a glass of hot milk
10) ( ) - I will give you the money
11) ( } - You will forget me
12) ( )-I will stay in bed
13) ( ) -We will gel married
14) ( )- I will wait for you in "he car
15) ( }-There will be a dance on the ship
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EXERCISE 104 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence before it. Use the
alternative form with "FOR" or "SINCE".
Example: we have not had fish for a long time.
It is a long time since we had fish
It has been a long time since we had fish.
It is five years since we last swam in the river
We have not swum in the river for five years.
1. It is a long time since we played tennis.
We………………………………………………………..
2. We have not heard from her for a long time
It………………………………………………………..
3. It is a long time since we had a party
We………………………………………………………..
4. My father has not written to me for a long time.
It………………………………………………………..
5. It is ages since her boyfriend took her out.
Her boyfriend………………………………………………………..
6. My wife has not rung me up at the office for ages.
It ………………………………………………………..
7. It is years since he did any useful work.
He………………………………………………………..
8. You have not bought me anything for ages.
It………………………………………………………..
9. II is six months since they paid us a visit.
They ………………………………………………………..
10. I have not been to the United States of America for a long time.
It………………………………………………………..
11. It is ten hours since I ate something.
I………………………………………………………..
12. We have not had any rain for three months.
It………………………………………………………..
13. U is a long time since we last studied English.
We………………………………………………………..
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14. I last met Helen five weeks ago.
It ………………………………………………………..
15. It is a long time since we last played hide and seek in the garden.
We………………………………………………………..
33) ....................... ... they came to Istanbul, They have been very happy.
34) Alice has ............... ... ... phoned me to say good bye.
35) My English teacher has .... .. .............. been very nice to me.
36) I .................. ... haven't found my passport! I wonder where it is.
37) She has ........................ .. been to London three times and she doesn't want to go again.
38) I have.. .................. ..... flown in an aero plane but I would like To one day.
39) Are you going to eat your lunch? - Oh, I have ......... .. ........ eaten my lunch.
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40) They ..... ..... ... ........... haven't finished the report about Iraq.
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EXERCISE 109 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Simple", "The Present Perfect Simple" or "The Present Perfect
Continuous".
Example : I (live) .... .... .............................. in Istanbul since I (be)………………… born.
I have lived in Istanbul since I was born.
I have been living in Istanbul since I was born.
1) She (write) ......................... .. letters since she (get up) .......................... .. this morning.
2) The teacher (correct) ................e papers for hours and he (not / finish) ........................correcting them yet.
3) The girls (dance) ...................................... ... since it (get) ........ .. .... ...................... dark.
4) Gloria Stefan (stay) ............................. . at this hotel since Tuesday
5) (you, drink) ............. .. .............. wine since you (arrive) .. ....... ..... ..................... here?
6) What (your father, do) ...................................... since he (desert) .. .... ... .................... his family?
7) (your sister, work)... ..... .... for this company ever since she (leave) ................................ ..... school?
8) My brother (write) ...................................... three letters since he (get) .............................. ..... .dressed.
9) The weather (be) .................. ..... . ............... terrible since our holiday (begin) . ............................. ..... ....
10) My father (have) .....................:................ a lot of money since he (join) .............. .... ... .......... this club.
11) She (look for)........ ......... her lost child for two hours and she (not, find) ................................. him yet.
12) I (not, have) .......................... .... a letter from Janet since she (leave) . ....................... Istanbul for London.
13) My sister (collect) ... .................. stamps ever since she (become) . . ..... ..... ...................... a doctor.
14) I (always, want) ....... .... ... .................... logo to Turkey ever since I (get) ............................ ..... .married.
15) He (smoke) ............................. .... five cigarettes since he (have) . ... .. ...... ................. breakfast.
16) I (study) ....... .... .... .................... German for three years and I cannot speak it yet.
17) We (stand) ................ ...... on the platform since lunch time and the train (not, arrive)....................... .yet.
18) I (know) ..... .............................. him for a long time; in fact he is my oldest friend.
19) We (drive) ........ ................... for two hours and (not, pass) . ........... .............. .... a single petrol station yet.
20) My father (smoke) ... ................................... ever since he (be) . .... .... ..................... ten.
21) The book (lie) .......................... ............ on the table for weeks.
22) We (be) ............................ married for ten years since we (come) .. ..... ......................... to Istanbul.
23) I (love)............. you ever since I (become) ...... ..... ..... . .............. a teacher at this school.
24) Helen (lie) .................................... .... on the beach since the sun (rise) ..... ...................................
25) The room smells of garlic; your father (eat) ......................... ...... ...... garlic again.
26) He (get) ..................... complaints from the neighbours ever since he (buy) .......„„.....„,...... his new hi-fi.
27) I (try) ............................................ to reach you since I (arrive in) ............ .............„.„.,...„„. Istanbul.
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28) My sister (apply) .. ... ....................... for several jobs recently.
29) The little child (sneeze) .... ..................... ..... a lot lately.
30) He (leave) .............................. the city ten years ago, and he (live) ...................on the island ever since.
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EXERCISE 111 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Answer the following questions using the words "FOR" or "SINCE" in brackets. Note that "SINCE" must be
followed by a clause.
Example: A: How long have you been living in Turkey? (for)
B: I have been living in Turkey for three years.
A: How long have you been living in Turkey? (since)
B: I have been living in Turkey since I was born.
1. A: How long has your mother been working as a housewife? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
2. A: How long has your mother been working as a housewife? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
3. A: How long have your children been watching television? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
4. A: How long have your children been watching television? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
5. A: How long have you been writing your new book? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
6. A: How long have you been writing your new book? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
7. A: How long has your friend been taking private lessons? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
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8. A: How long has your friend been taking private lessons? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
9. A: How long has your brother been wearing long trousers? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
10. A: How long has your brother been wearing long trousers? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
11. A: How long has the cat been sitting in front of the television set? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
12. A: How long has the cat been sitting in front of the television set? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
13. A: How long have you been waiting for the bus? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
14. A: How long have you been waiting for the bus? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
15. A: How long has it been raining in Istanbul? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
16. A: How long has it been raining in Istanbul? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
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EXERCISE 114 THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Complete the following sentences in "The Past Perfect Simple", using "The Correct Forms of the Verbs" on the
list below.
A. WASH, WRITE, TELL, PAY, DRINK, FORGET, SPEND, WORK, EAT, WATER
1) As soon as I................................ the bill, I left the restaurant.
2) When I.................................. the beer, I threw the empty bottle away.
3) I got wet because I................................to take my umbrella with me.
4) I couldn't afford to buy a new shirt because I........ .............. all my money
5) After I......................... .... a letter to Peter, I put it into an envelope and posted it.
6) 6. The gardener told us to keep off the grass because he........................ .....it.
7) 7. He bought his villa after he ................ ... .. for ten years in England.
8) 8. When I went home, my parents .................................. their dinner.
9) 9. She went to sleep after her father............ ...... her the story.
10) 10. He. .... .... ............. his hands before he had lunch.
B. SEE, TAKE, PASS, HAVE, PREPARE, FLY, ARREST, PUT OUT, FEED, RECOVER
1) When I told the doctor that I ...... .... ................. earache for nearly a month, he gave me a prescription,
2) 2. After she ................................. her driving test, she bought a car.
3) John said that he..................... ..... .. that film before.
4) We .................................... to Athens before we took the terry boat to Izmir.
5) I .......... just.................. from the chicken pox when 1 caught measles last month.
6) We discovered that we .................................. the wrong road at the beginning of the trip.
7) She wondered if the police ............. ..... .......... the thief before dawn broke.
8) Linda .................................. the meal before she left the house.
9) When the fire engines arrived, the children ...... ... already ................... the fire.
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10) After she ........................... ... the animals, she went for a walk in the woods.
C LOSE, WANT, GATHER, COMMIT, BREAK INTO, DIE, START, EXAMINE, BE, SET
1) Most of the tables were occupied and the guests ........... already... .... . eating their meals.
2) I.................................... to take a good holiday this year but 1 wasn't able to get away
3) He expected people to be sympathetic because his mother......................................
4) He............................... a newspaper reporter before he became a businessman.
5) The anthropologist left the village when he ... ... .... ......... enough data.
6) When we got back, we discovered that someone ................................... our house.
7) After the doctor.................................... my leg, he told me that it was broken.
8) When I questioned the boy he said he didn't know where he ...................................... his cap.
9) The sun .................................... in the west before we reached our destination.
10) The prisoner confessed that he ..... ..... ...... .. the crime.
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EXERCISE 118 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE1)
Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Simple”, “The Future Simple" or "The Imperative".
Example: If you (walk)...........under a ladder, it (bring)............... ..... ... .... .. bad luck.
If you walk under a ladder, it brings bad luck. If you walk under a ladder, it will bring bad luck.
1. If it (be).................................. .... foggy this evening, I (stay)........................................... at home.
2. If we (take) ...................... care of the environment, our children (have) ........................ ... a better future.
3. If you (eat) ............................... so much carbohydrate, you (put on) .. .... ... ... . ...... weight.
4. if we (plant) .................... more trees, our children (have).................................. a better environment.
5. If 1 (get)...... ......... .. ....... a bad headache, I (take)........................ .... ..... one of these tablets.
6. I (send) ............................................ you a letter, if! (receive).... ................................. the money in time.
7. She (telephone).................................. ... me if she (feel) ............................................ that pain again.
8. We (miss) ................... ... the train unless we (hurry)............................................ to the train station.
9. If you (not, obey) ... ... ..... .................... the rules, the teacher (get) ............. .... .... angry with you.
10. Unless we (stand up)..........................................., we (not, see). ..... .... .... .. anything.
11. II it (rain)................................ , (take) ..... ..... ............... your umbrella.
12. If you (not, feel) ....................................... well, (not, go) ............. .. .... ... to school.
13. If you (see) .........................Janet, please (not, tell)........................................... her the bad news.
14. Where (you, go) .. ... .................... if you (miss) ............................................ the train?
15. If you (not, eat) ............................................ so much, you (lose)... .... ..... .... .... . weight.
16. If I (be)................................... late for work, I (take) .. .... ....a short cut across die park to save time.
17. You (be) .......................................... in danger if you (meet) ......... ............................. a lion in the forest.
18. If you (be) .... .. .... .............. really sick, why (not, go) ........................................... home right away?
19. If you (go) ............................................ to bed late, you (feel) ...... ..... .... ..... .. tired in the morning.
20. [f you (take) ...... .... .... ....... ... drugs regularly, you (become)..........................................addicted to them.
21. if he (not, give) .......................................... me the money, I (kill) .... .... ... ... .. him.
22. He (not, become)....................... very rich unless he (become) ..................................... a successful singer.
23. If he (drive)....................... after dark, he (may, not, find) .. ...................... the house easily.
24. If I (win) ................................. .... an Olympic gold medal, I (be) ......................................... very happy.
25. If you (not, tell) .. ............................... the truth, I (not, let) ....................... .. .. you go to the theatre.
26. If I (win) ...................................... a lot of money in a state lottery, 1 (buy) .......................................... you a
new car.
27. If you (take) .... ..... ... a few drops of this medicine, you (be) .............. in good health again pretty soon.
28. (not, hesitate) ............................................ to phone me if you (need)............................................ help.
29. If jack (ring)............................ while I am out, (tell)...... .......... .him to be here at ten o'clock sharp.
30. (not, forget) ..................... to take your umbrella if you (go out).......................................... with your friends
tonight.
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EXERCISE 119 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2)
Put the "verbs" in brackets into either "The Past Simple" or "The Present Conditional".
Example: If! (have) .. .. ... .. .. ... ten children, I (go). ... .... .. ... . crazy.
If I had ten children, I would go crazy.
1) I (be). ..... ............... ... delighted if you (come) ........................ ........ to stay with us next year.
2) If I (be)............................................ in London now, I (visit) ... .. .. .... ... . the Tower of London.
3) If he (not, be)....... .. .... ..... ....... drunk, he (not, talk) ...................................... to his father like that.
4) If I (be) ...... .. .. .. .. .. as rich as you are, I (go) ........... .................... to Italy.
5) Everybody (be) .. .... ..... ... .. .. ... frightened to death if the sun (rise) ................ .. .. ..... .. in the west.
6) If 1 (smoke)... .. .. ....... ........ less, I (not, cough). ....... ..... ..... .. so much.
7) If you (not, give) .................. .....me the money tomorrow. I (kill).. .... .. .. .... ... ..you.
8) If you (come) . ... .. ... ............ to my party tomorrow, we (he) .. .... .. .. ...... very happy.
9) If we all (have) ...................... .good manners, the world (be)..... ... ......... ..... a wonderful place to live in.
10) You (not, feel) ..................................... the cold so much if you (wear) ..... .. ... ... ... ..... thicker clothes.
11) If you (pay) ......................................... more attention, you (learn) ... .... .... .. .. . our language easily.
12) If you (not, eat) .... ... ..... .. ..... ... so much, you (not, put on) ..... ... ... ..... ... ....weight.
13) If I (be) .................................... in your place, f (not, touch) ................................... ....... that snake.
14) I (apologize)............................... to you if I (do) ... .... .. .... ... something wrong.
15) If I (not, be) .... .. ....... .. .. . afraid of the mice, f (enter) .................................... the room.
16) You (understand) ........................... the lesson better if you (listen to) .... ... .... .... the teacher carefully.
17) If I (be)... ... .... - - .... ... as strong as you are, I (heat) .... ... ...... ....... him at wrestling.
18) If you (be).. ... .... ... .. .. ..... in trouble, my father (help)............... .......................... you.
19) If I (know).............................................. French, I (teach) ..... ........ .. ... .you.
20) I (he) .... ......... ... .... ....very happy if Natalie (marry) ... .... .. ..... .. me.
21) If he (get up) ............................................. early, he (be)....................................... there in time.
22) If I (he) .... .......... ... .......... as clever as you are, I (take up)...................................... chemistry.
23) If I(have) ....... .................lots of practice in speaking Turkish, 1 (persuade). ... .. ..... .. her to marry me.
24) What (your father, do) ... .... .... ... .. ... .. if he (know).. ..... ......... ... ... how to play bridge?
25) Who (you, get). .. ..... ..................... married to if you (be)............................................... as beautiful as Julia
26) 26. I (call) ....................................... the electrician if the lights (fail) ... ..... ..... ... ..... ..again.
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27) 27. If you (not, apologize). .. .... .......... ..... ..... , I (not, talk to) ... .. ... ... .. you again.
28) If it (not, rain) ... .. .... .... ... ........ we (have)................................................ a picnic on the island.
29) 29. The hijackers (destroy).............................. the bus if the police (refuse) ..... .... ....... ........... to meet
them.
30) 30. If you (arrive) .............................................. late, the boss (probably, dismiss) ....... ..............................
you.
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EXERCISE 124 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES)
Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Third Conditionals".
Example: It rained last week, so we didn't go for a picnic.
If it had not rained last week, we would have gone for a picnic,
I didn't go to Italy last year, so I didn't visit your sister.
If I had gone to Italy last year, I would have visited your sister.
1) I punished you because you didn't tell me the truth.
If.............................................................................................................................
2) He didn't go to a university because he didn't pass the exam.
If.............................................................................................................................
3) The ship ran aground because they didn't drop anchor in time.
If.............................................................................................................................
4) She failed in her exam because she didn't study hard.
If.............................................................................................................................
5) My brother didn’t become a Member of Parliament because he didn't win the election.
If.............................................................................................................................
6) My friend didn't do his job properly, so he was sacked.
If.............................................................................................................................
7) The horse I backed didn’t win the race, so 1 lost all my money
If.............................................................................................................................
8) The aeroplane didn't crash because the pilot was very experienced.
If.............................................................................................................................
9) Her brother didn't see the programme, so he didn't change his eating habits.
If.............................................................................................................................
10) The weather was very cold, so we didn't go for a swim.
If.............................................................................................................................
11) I didn't know that you were hungry, so I didn’t invite you to dinner.
If.............................................................................................................................
12) I didn't put any petrol in the car before I left, so it stopped.
If.............................................................................................................................
13) Claudia didn't take her umbrella yesterday, so she got wet.
If.............................................................................................................................
14) I was not delighted because the teacher didn’t come to my party.
If.............................................................................................................................
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15) I didn’t have any time, so I didn’t play tennis.
If.............................................................................................................................
16) My father was not able to learn German because he didn't go to Germany.
If.............................................................................................................................
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EXERCISE 130 GENERAL EXERCISES (THE AXULIARY VERBS)
Complete the following sentences with "The Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below.
AM ARE IS WAS WERE
DO DOES DID WILL SHALL
HAVE HAS HAD WOULD SHOULD
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EXERCISE 132 GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES)
Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
Example: I (make)........... .......... a lot of friends since I come........to Istanbul
I have made a lot of friends since 1 came to Istanbul.
1) Why (you/look) ................................................. at me like that? Have I said something wrong?
2) The River Amazon (flow) ............................................. into the Pacific Ocean.
3) Look! Somebody (climb) .. ..... .... ... ..... ...up that tree over there.
4) I will have eaten my dinner by the time they (come) .. .. ... ... .. ..here.
5) The teacher (be) ........................................... at the meeting two days ago.
6) I (phone)... .... ... ...... ... .. you as soon as 1 arrive in London.
7) We (just / sit)..... .... ... .... .... .... down to dinner when a fire (breakout)............ ... .... ... ..last night.
8) The exam (already / begin)................. when they (discover)........... that one the exam papers (be). ... .
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missing.
9) Mr. Brown (usually/go)....................... to the theatre on Fridays. He (do).............that more than twenty
years.
10) (you/meet) .......... ........ your English teacher? Yes, I have. I (meet) ................................. her
yesterday.
11) (you/have)............................................... a good time at the party last night?
12) My feet hurt badly because I (walk) ........... .... .... ..... for an hour and a half.
13) My father (conduct) ............................................ an orchestra since 1997.
14) I wish I (be) ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. there to help when your mother (be)................... .... ..... .. so ill last
night.
15) It is time you (go) ............................................ if you want to catch that train.
16) They (not / write) .... .... .... ... .... .. to us since they (go) .......................... ...... .... . to Madrid.
17) Tom feels tired now. He (practise) ... .... .... ................. his new guitar all day long.
18) He (teach) ........................ hundreds of students, but he (never/meet)...................... such a hopeless class
like this.
19) Mrs. Smith (often / drink) ..... .. .... .......... tea, but today she (drink) .... ... ... .... ... ....coffee.
20) The house (be)............................... very quiet when 1 got home. Everybody (go)..........................................
to bed.
21) He (sleep) .... .................................. for ten hours. It is time he (wake up) ………………………now,
22) When we reached the bus-stop, we (see) .... .... ........ that the bus (already / go) ........ ........
......... ..
23) I (make) ............................................... cakes. That's why my hands are all covered with flour.
24) What would you do if you (have).. ........................................... a million pounds?
25) By the end of the month we (work) .... .... ... .... ....... on this book for ten months.
26) The telephone (ring) .................................... .. for five minutes. Why don't you answer it?
27) They were all exhausted because they (work) . ... ..... .... ..... ... hard since morning.
28) She (hardly / enter) ......................................... the classroom when the exam started.
29) They (not / leave) ................ .... ... .... . the office until I had completed my report.
30) What a pity that I don't know her telephone number. I wish I (know) ................................... her number.
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EXERCISE 133 GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES)
Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
1) Columbus (try)...... .... . to reach India for a long time when he (discover).... .. .............America.
2) None of the students (know)...... the answer to that question, because the teacher (not/teach)…….that subject
yet.
3) I see that you (still/do) ..... .. .. ...your math homework. How many problems (you/solve)...... ... ...... so
far?
4) This is the house where I used to live, but I (not/live) ... .. ... .. .. there any longer.
5) I (be). .. .. - -. in the cafe for nearly two hours when she finally arrived.
6) The accident happened after we (leave) ...... .. .. ... the restaurant.
7) I am on a strict diet. I (eat) ................................. ....... nothing but bananas for the last ten days.
8) I would rather you (not / say) .. .... ... .. .... anything about this to anybody, please.
9) If I (know) ... ... ..... ... .... .. that you (be).. ....... ............. ill, I would have visited you.
10) He told me that he (be). . .. ... ... .. in London for ten days.
11) I swear that there (never/be) ............. ............. ......... such a wonderful game of cricket before.
12) No sooner had she got onto the motorway than her car (break down). .............. ..... ..... . .
13) The Browns (buy)................... a big house in London last year, and they (live) ......... ...there ever since.
14) When I last (see).......him, he (live)…….in London .He (tell).........me that he (think of)…emigrating to
Australia.
15) I posted the parcel today, so I am sure that you (get)........... it ma few days time. It (usually /take)..........two
days.
16) The watch you (buy) ... ............. yesterday (not/work) .......... I (take)…….it back to the shop if I were you.
17) Do you mind if I (smoke) ..... ...... a cigarette here?
18) Your eyes were all red. (you/cry) .. .... ... .. .. when I (see) ................. .................. you?
19) What do you think you (do) ... ..... ... ... ... ? That's my car you (try) ................................... to get into.
20) 1 wish you (turn down) .... ... .. ....... . that music. I am trying to make a phone call.
21) Next Monday (be)........ ............................... a national holiday.
22) The President (only just/leave)...... ........ .... the Palace when a time-bomb (explode)........yesterday.
23) I cannot carry this heavy table. I wish someone (help).. .... ... .... ... ..me
24) You (not /tell)..........me that the buses were running. I wish you (tell). ..... me before I (leave)......... the
house.
25) When the results of her medical tests (arrive) .............. she realised that she (not/be).. ... .... in good health.
26) He told me that he (be).. .. .. .. ... ... a waiter before (become) .. .. .. .. .... ... a taxi-driver.
27) They have been looking for the dog which (be) ... .. .... ... .. missing for three days.
178
EXERCISE 134 GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES)
Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
1) There (be)........ ........................ many students at the meeting tomorrow,
2) That child (be) . ..... .......................... ill. He (eat).......... ...................... ever since he sat down.
3) I wish I (learn)................. ............... French when I (be). .. ...................... in Paris ten years ago.
4) I (go).. ........................... . to London two years ago, but I (not / be)...... ....................there since then.
5) John (be) .................................. busy now. He (write) ........................ ....... a letter.
6) We (be)..................................... in Madrid for two months last year.
7) The wind (always / blow).............................very hard during the month of March.
8) He says that he (be)................................. here in a few minutes.
9) (not/make) ........................ ...... a noise here, children! My baby (sleep)........... ......................
10) If you (not /know) ......................the meaning of a word, (look).......................it up in a dictionary.
11) It is high time you (make up)......... .your mind about (choose)......... .. a career. If you (not / decide) .............
soon, you can never settle down to work.
12) Whenever her husband (leave).................. ............... on business, she feels very lonely until he (come back)
13) We (go) ......... to the circus last week. It (be).........very interesting for me, because I (not/be).......to a circus
before.
14) I am sure my life (change). .................. .... a lot after I (graduate) .... „...„.„...„„.... ... from the university.
15) I (be)............... to the cinema twice this week, but normally I (not/go)........... ..... to the cinema so often.
16) I have noticed that since 1 (start)....... ...................... this course, my English (improve) . ... ............. ..... a
lot.
17) It is years since I last (see)........ ........ .. him, so I may not recognize him when 1 (meet)....... ...........him again.
18) There (be) ................ .................. great progress in computer technology in recent years.
19) The project I (work)............... on at the moment (seem) ......... .............. to be difficult, but it isn't in fact.
20) Sheila (always / catch).......................... the 8.30 train, but this morning she (catch) ........................ the 8.45.
179
21) I (run into) ............ him at nine o'clock this morning just before the exam; I (not / see) ................. him since
then.
22) I (ring) ... ...........................his phone for ten minutes, but nobody (answer).......... .................... it yet.
23) When Columbus (land)...........in America in 1492, he (not/know).......... that he (discover)............ a new
continent.
24) When I(arrive) ... ......................... .. at the theatre last night, the play (just/begin)... ............ ................
25) I am very nervous because this (be) ....... ......... the first time 1 (drive)................................. a car in my life.
183
EXERCISE 138 WISHES IN ENGLISH
Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structures below to express your wishes for the
Present or Future.
SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + THE PAST SIMPLE
IF ONLY + SUBJECT + THE PAST SIMPLE
Example: What a pity that I am a poor man.
I wish I were not a poor man. If only I were not a poor man.
It is a pity that Olga does not love me.
I wish Olga loved me. If only Olga loved me.
1) It is a pity that I don't know the name of that pretty girl.
I wish________________________________________________________
2) There is a party this evening, but I have a terrible headache.
If only________________________________________________________
3) We are very sorry that we live in a city with a lot of air pollution.
I wish ________________________________________________________
4) It is a shame that we don't have a television set at home.
If only ________________________________________________________
5) Natalie feels sorry that her parents live in misery.
Natalie wishes ________________________________________________________
6) It is a pity that I have to work in the office tomorrow.
If only ________________________________________________________
7) I am very sorry that I am not a king.
I wish ________________________________________________________
8) I am sorry that I cannot speak French as fluently as my father.
If only ________________________________________________________
9) What a pity that I am not as handsome as you are.
I wish ________________________________________________________
10) I am sorry that I have an old father.
If only ________________________________________________________
11) It is a great pity that people do not obey the traffic rules properly.
I wish ________________________________________________________
12) I am very sorry that I cannot go to the wedding party of my friend.
If only ________________________________________________________
184
13) What a pity that I am not in London now.
I wish ________________________________________________________
1. a. The committee will announce the names of the Nobel Prize winners.
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. They will complete the new bridge before the end of this year.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. We will never forget the Beatles.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. The boy will throw the stone at the poor dog.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. The principal will send the parcel to my father tomorrow.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. A famous surgeon will perform the operation tomorrow morning.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The President of Turkey will make an important speech about the impostors tonight.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The soldiers will defend the castle bravely
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. The people who are the ardent supporters of Fenerbahce will celebrate the victory.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The military doctor will examine all the wounded soldiers in the afternoon.
b. ________________________________________________________
F. BE GOING TO:
Active : a. the enemy submarine is going to sink the German destroyer.
Passive : b. The German destroyer is going to be sunk by the enemy submarine.
1. a. They are going to take me to hospital if 1 don't get over my shock.
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. The woman is going to clean all the carpets in the house.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. The teacher is going to send her into the garden.
b. ________________________________________________________
4- a. The students are going to perform the play in June.
196
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. My father is going to sell our old car next month.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. People are going to use a lot of solar energy in the near future.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. My daughter is going to memorize a lot of dialogues,
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The teacher is going to correct all the mistakes in my composition.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. My mother is going to keep this medicine out of the reach of children.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The candidates are going to answer all the questions in two hours.
b. ________________________________________________________
G. THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:
Active : a. the children have taken the injured woman to hospital.
Passive : b. the injured woman has been taken to hospital by the children.
1. a. The tourists have made a lot of complaints about the soaring prices.
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. The captain of the ship has changed the course of the ship.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. Scientists have made great progress in the conquest of space.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. The students have put forward many ideas to solve the problem.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. The police have arrested the man who robbed the bank last week.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. The soldiers have just shot down the United States war-plane.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. They have found the missing child's bicycle in the river.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The boss has not interviewed the applicants yet.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. George has already painted the wall.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The children have already seen the film.
b. ________________________________________________________
197
H. THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE:
Active : a. my father had written the letters before we had dinner.
Passive: b. the letters had been written by my father before we had dinner.
1. a. My mother had brought up Diana after the death of her mother.
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. People had parked their cars before the police came.
b b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. The police had issued a description of the wanted man before the arrest.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. The earthquake had shaken the hotel violently when we heard the news.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. The students had broken the window of the room before the exam started.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. Doctors had reported a case of small pox when the Premier made a speech.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The robbers had already robbed the bank when dawn broke.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The blackmailer had threatened the woman before she informed the police
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. They had vaccinated us before we left Paris for London.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. They had used the room for the clandestine meetings.
b. ________________________________________________________
1. THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE:
Active : a. they will have sold the old car within two weeks.
Passive: b. the old car will have been sold within two weeks.
1. a. The student will have written the letter by the time we come back.
b. ________________________________________________________
2. a. They will have decorated the Christmas tree before midnight.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. We will have paid the electric bill by the end of this month.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. You will have forgotten all your troubles by next week.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. They will have found a remedy for cancer within three years.
b. ________________________________________________________
198
6. a. They will have released all the prisoners by the time a new election is held.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The teacher will have explained the lesson by noon.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. We will have visited all the museums before we leave Istanbul for Paris.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. They will have painted our house by the time we come back.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The mechanic will have repaired your car by the time we have dinner.
b. ________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 145 THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES)
Put the sentences into the other lenses as in the example below.
Example: The car is repaired by the mechanic.
1. The Present Simple
2. The Present Continuous
3. The Past Simple
4. The Past Continuous
5. The Future Simple
6. Be Going to
7. The Future Continuous
8. The Present Perfect Simple
9. The Past Perfect Simple
10. The Future Perfect Simple
11. The Present Conditional
12. The Perfect Conditional
200
EXERCISE 146 THE PASSIVE
Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative".
Example: Are you loved by your parents?
a. Yes, I am loved my parents.
b. No, I am not loved by my parents,
1. Were you examined by the doctor yesterday?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
2. Will your car be repaired tomorrow?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
3. Were you brought up by your grandfather?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
201
4. Have you ever been invited to dinner by a stranger?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
5. Is your father's car being repaired by the mechanic now?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
6. Has a new museum been opened in the city centre?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
7. Is your father paid at the end of the month?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
8. Do you want to be sent to the moon?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
9. Do you hate being treated like a child?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
10. Is football liked by everybody in Turkey?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
11. Have all the mistakes been corrected by the teacher so far?
a. Yes,...................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................... .....
205
EXERCISE 150 THE PASSIVE (VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS)
Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice".
Example: Active : The doctor sent Matilda a lovely present.
Passive: a. Matilda was sent a lovely present by the doctor.
b. A lovely present was sent (to) Matilda by the doctor.
1. The teacher asked Rose a difficult question.
a. Rose... .. ... ............................................. . ... ..................................
b. A difficult question...........................................................................
2. Carmen taught Tom the meaning of love.
a. To..................................................................................................
b. The meaning of love........ .... ... ... ............................ .. .... ... ..............
3. Selcuk bought Olga a white horse.
a. Olga................................................................................................
b. A while horse... ..................................... ............................... .. .. .....
4. Susan will write George a love letter.
a. George. .................................. ... ............................... ... ..................
b. A love teller ........................................... ............................... .. .........
5. The new teacher has given us our exam papers.
a. We.. .... . ... ........................... ... .. ........................ .........................
b. Our exam papers..... ..................................... .. .............................
6. The rich man left Belinda a large fortune.
a. Belinda....... . ..................................... .. .................................
b. A large fortune.......................... .. .. ............................. .. . ....
7. The professor was explaining the students the origin of the universe.
a. The students... .................................... ................................
b. The origin of the universe ................... .. ......................................
206
8. Linda is showing the man the picture of the blue whale.
a. The man....................... .. ... .. ... ... ........................... ... .... ...........
b. The picture of the blue whale...........................................................
9. Carol tells the students the answer to the question.
a. The students.....................................................................................
b. The answer to the question..................................................................
10. The farmer had offered Julia a glass of milk.
a. Julia................................................................................................
b. A glass of milk ..............................................................................
11. My father read the girls the life of Atatürk.
a. The girls... ..... ................................ ... ....................................... ....
b. The life of Atatürk.............................................................................
217
EXERCISE 158 THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE)
Put the verbs in brackets into the "Passive Present Infinitive".
TO KISS : ACTIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE
TO BE KISSED : PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE
Example : I want. ... ..... .... ...................... my mother every morning, (kiss)
I want to kiss my mother every morning.
I want....... .. ... ................... by my mother every morning, (kiss)
I want to be kissed by my mother every morning.
1) A: What does the old woman wish?
B: The old woman wishes .... ..................................... in this cemetery. (bury)
2) A: What does the patient want?
B: The patient wants .... .... .............................. by this doctor, (examine)
3) A: What is the matter?
B: There are several letters ............................................. by Friday, (answer)
4) A: What do you want?
B: I want.................................. .... early tomorrow morning, (wake up)
5) A: What does that woman want?
B: That woman wants ............................... .... ... by everybody. (love)
6) A: What is your father hoping?
B: My father is hoping ............... .... .... ............ a member of this party, (elect)
7) A: What is she expecting?
B: She is expecting.... ........................................ for what she has done, (reward)
8) A: What are you so worried about?
B: The roof of my house needs . .......................................... immediately, (repair)
9) A: What will happen tomorrow?
B: The hospital is going.... .... .................................. by the Prime Minister tomorrow (visit)
10) A: Why is your son so nervous?
B: He is waiting .............. .... .... ... ....... the interview. (call for)
11) A: Are you busy today?
B: Yes, there is a lot of work......... ...... ......................... today, (do)
12) A: Why are you so sad?
B: I am very sad; I don't want........................................ as an invalid any longer, (treat)
13) A: What do you think about these customs and laws?
B: We want these laws ......... ... .................... as soon as possible . (abolish)
14) A: When shall I send this application form to the office?
B: The application form has ................................ ...... .. to the office by Friday, (send)
218
15) A: What doesn't the teacher want?
B: The teacher doesn't want .... ..................................... by the students, (criticize)
220
EXERCISE 161 THE PASSIVE (MIXED TYPES)
Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice".
Example: Active : Mary looked after the baby yesterday.
Passive : The baby was looked after by Mary yesterday.
1) We keep the glasses in this cupboard.
2) They do not allow you to play in the garden.
3) People rumour that the coalition is in trouble.
4) Angela delayed opening the letter.
5) They say that inflation is gelling worse and worse.
6) We had to putt off our visit to the palace because of the weather.
7) People rumour that your son had fallen in love with Calculi.
8) The teacher could finish the book if she had more time.
9) They report that the river has risen five meters.
10) They didn't use to take the children to the cinema.
11) The tourists are visiting the historical places.
12) People rumour that the thief has gone to Spain.
13) He confessed stealing the jewels from the safe.
221
14) The firemen departed alter they had extinguished the fire.
15) They believe that they are on a sightseeing trip.
16) I made Tom write the letter.
17) They saw him getting into a car with a woman.
224
EXERCISE 164 THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)
Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a "Present Infinitive Continuous" as in
the example below.
Active : They think that Sharon Stone is living in luxury.
Passive : a. It is thought that Sharon Stone is living in luxury.
b. Sharon Stone is thought to be living in luxury.
1. They say that the Princes is staying incognito at the Hilton hotel.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. People consider that crime rate is increasing in Turkey because of unemployment.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. People rumour that the escaped prisoner is hiding in the jungle.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. They report that the space craft is approaching Saturn.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. They believe that the universe is expanding all the time.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. People think that the terrorists are living in the mountains.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. They say that researchers are developing better methods.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. People rumour that the ship is carrying gold bars to Libya.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. People believe that this woman is working as a spy against Turkey.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. They firmly believe that Turkish people are following the footsteps of Atatürk.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
225
EXERCISE 165 THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCES)
Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a "Perfect Infinitive" as in the examples
below.
Active : They think that Olga acted foolishly at the party last night.
Passive : a. It is thought that Olga acted foolishly at the party last night.
b. Olga is thought to have acted foolishly at the party last night.
Active : They said that the man had killed the poet in self defence.
Passive : a. It was said that the man had killed the poet in self defence.
b. The man was said to have killed the poet in self defence.
1. They thought that Laura had lived in Norway.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. They believe that the ship sank a long time ago.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. People say that our postman has won a lot of money in gambling.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. They fear that many lives have been lost in the train crash.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. They believed that Marjorie was innocent.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. They believed that The President of the United States had been assassinated.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. The police said that the American spy checked in at a luxury hotel in Ankara.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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8. They told rne that Diana had left the town.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. People thought that a strange animal lived in this cave.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Many people think that the Viking sailed to Canada.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. The radio reported that the strike was a success.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. They found that the riot had been started by the anarchists.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. They think that the man has been killed in an air crash.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. People thought that the President was ill.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. They said that the country was on the verge of civil war.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. People believe that the brave girl led the French army to free the city of Orleans.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. They reported that demonstrators were taken away by the police.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. They say that the poor man was evicted from his flat for not paying the rent.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. They believe that the President has visited all the countries in the world.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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20. They claim that the political meetings have been broken up by the police.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a 'Terfecl Infinitive Continuous" as in the
examples below.
Active : They say that Lisa was living in Paris.
Passive : a. It is said that Lisa was living in Paris.
b. Lisa is said (o have been living in Paris.
Active : They say that Lisa has been living in Paris.
Passive : a. It is said that Lisa has been living in Paris.
b. Lisa is said to have been living in Paris.
1. They think that the ship was sailing towards the North Pole.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. They believe that the captain was spending his money on unimportant things.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. They report that the spacecraft was getting in touch with the satellite in space.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
228
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. They believed that the population of Istanbul was increasing.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. People thought that Richard was living in the mountains.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. They say that Helen has been working on this project for a long time.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. They claim that the driver was listening to his Walkman at the time of the accident.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. The radio said that the volcano was erupting on the island.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. They said that Sandra was making a living as an English teacher.
B---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
230
EXERCISE 169 GERUNDS/INFINITIVES (1)
Complete the following sentences with the "Gerund" or "Full Infinitive" forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
Example : In winter months, I really miss . .. .. ... ..... in the sun. (lie)
In winter months, I really miss lying in the sun. (gerund)
We are expecting. .... ........................ abroad this summer, (go)
We are expecting to go abroad this summer, (full infinitive)
1) I don't like.................................. alone in the house at night, (be)
2) We aired the room by ............................... ... the windows, (open)
3) Do you remember......................... to the seaside when you were young? (go)
4) I would like .... .... ... ............ you on behalf of all the staff, (thank)
5) Rana forgot. ................................. the lights when she went to bed. (turn off)
6) When I go shopping, I must remember .............................. some bread, (buy)
7) If you haven't got too much luggage, 1 suggest.......... ... .... .. the underground, (take)
8) It was very careless of you ...... .... ... ........ that coffee cup. (break)
9) I am considering ................... ......... my cousins in Mersin next summer, (visit)
10) I recommend you .... ....................... the time wisely, (use)
11) When I go on holiday, I like ..... ................... plenty of exercise, (take)
12) I didn't finish ........... ... ..... .... the room because I didn't like the colour, (paint)
13) The citizens are waiting for the Pied Piper ...... ... ... ..... their children back, (bring)
14) I told a white lie to avoid ... ............................... my wife's feelings, (hurt)
15) I don't usually like .... ... .................. early, but I like ............ ... .. when 1 am on holiday, (get up/get up)
16) I can't help ... ........ ............... him when I see him. (laugh at)
17) I regret.... .. ................ you that we are not in a position to explain it. (inform)
18) Why don't you find something to do, like ...................... .... the car? (clean)
19) .......................... .. a degree enables you ........................ ... a better job. (have/get)
20) These children need ...... ....................... (look after)
21) I am fed up with.... .... ..................... this film on the television, (watch)
22) Brenda is very good at................................... phone numbers, (memorize)
23) She persuaded me .............................. in this play, (act)
24) It is no use................................. me the way. I am only a visitor here, (ask)
25) I cannot seem .................. ........ rid of this cold, (get)
26) Don't bother.... ........................... the lift, it is out of order, (try)
27) I cannot stand ................................... early in the morning, (get up)
28) She found it difficult........... .. .... ...... the busy street, (cross)
29) It was very kind of you .. ... ..................... me chocolates, (bring)
30) Those children are too young ...................... ....... themselves, (look after)
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31) I am not hungry but I don't feel like ..... ................ anything, (eat)
32) I don't think it is worth .... ...... ... ..... .... government money on space explorations, (spend)
33) His impossible.. .. ... ... ... to Rose, she thinks she knows everything, (talk)
34) If your father gives up .. .. . ....... ...... he will live longer, (drink)
35) One of my main ambitions is .... .. ... . around the world, (travel)
36) I cannot afford ................... .. . a car at the moment, (buy)
37) If you want to stop . . ... ... .. ., try . .. ........... ...... gum instead, (smoke/chew)
38) The athlete tried ... ......... . .. the world record but he failed, (break)
39) Tom Cruise was very excited about……………..the Academy Award, (receive)
40) After .. .. .. .. the agenda, we went on discuss finance, (approve)
41) She is always the first........................... and the last . ..... ...... ............. (arrive /leave)
42) I don't fancy .. .. .. .. ... for a walk in the rain, (go)
43) The teacher doesn't permit ... ........... .. . during the exam, (talk)
44) The best thing is .. .... .. .. your local library, (ring up)
45) I like .................... .... every day, it keeps me fit. (exercise)
46) They were delighted.. .. ... ... ..... .. their father standing on the deck of the ship, (see)
47) It was very thoughtless of you ...... ............... such things to a sick old man. (say)
48) I chose .. ... ........... on the island because of my health, (live)
49) I was busy. .. .. ... .. the letter when the boss came, (type)
50) The captain ordered the passengers .. .. ...... .. . the ship, (abandon)
51) Muge is very fond of......................... chocolates, (cat)
52) This seems... .. .... .. .. a serious matter, (be)
53) My father doesn't allow me ... .. ..... .. .... in the evening, (play)
54) I always remember .......... ............ .......... the door before I go out. (lock)
55) Are you planning .. ... ... ....... a vacation this year? (take)
56) When you finish .......... ........ . the letter, could you please help me? (write)
57) If you walk in these mountains, you risk ... ... .... ... lost, (get)
58) My father suggested ..... ... .... ...... to the cinema tonight, (go)
59) Everyone tried .. . .. ... ... the car, but it didn't move at all. (lift)
60) I haven't decided what...... ............ ..... to the party, (wear)
61) I was made ..................................... for two hours for an appointment, (wait
62) The apples keep .............. .. .. from the trees in my garden, (disappear)
63) I don't mind people ............................... about my family, (gossip)
64) These scissors need .... .. ... .... ... immediately (sharpen)
65) If you carry on .. ... .. ... ... .., I will have to ask you to leave the room, (misbehave)
66) This film is worth .......... .................. , I think, (see)
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67) She cannot stand .. ......................... alone during my absence, (be)
68) She refused .... .............................. the shoes I bought yesterday, (change)
69) It is silly of you ...... ........................ time like that, (waste)
70) It is no good .... ............................ him; he is deaf, (shout at)
71) Don't forget................... .. ......... me as soon as you arrive home, (phone)
72) Angela asked me...................... ......... to the cinema with her. (go)
73) I'll take you to hospital. I cannot bear................. ... ....... you in pain, (see)
74) We are thinking of.................................... to Italy for our holidays, (go)
75) Do you want................................... tennis this afternoon? (play)
76) Linda suggested ...................................... a day in Paris, (spend)
77) Sally has decided ............... .................... him a new watch for his birthday, (buy)
78) Paul agreed ............... .................... it again, (not, do)
79) The children have really missed .. ....................... .... in your lovely garden, (play)
80) I think George is interested in ... .................. . a lawyer, (become)
81) ................................... a new language is very interesting thing to do. (learn)
82) There is a regulation which forbids .................. ............ in hospitals, (smoke)
83) Where did you get the money? 1 don't remember................ ...... ..... it to you. (give)
84) Bill carried on . .................. ....... when his friends went on strike, (work)
85) She stopped .................... ........... on her project when she became sick, (work)
86) You had better stop ............. ................... so much alcohol, (drink)
87) I am afraid you are not allowed .. .............. ...... in here, sir. (smoke)
88) I cannot help .................................. when I am tired, (yawn)
89) Please leave off.... ......................... the carpet; the baby is sleeping, (hover)
90) A good servant knows how .............. ................ table, (wait at)
91) I like ................ ................. in the new swimming pool when it opens, (swim)
92) Did you have any trouble ......................... ..... the hotel I mentioned? (find)
93) Advertisements encourage people .................... ............ more money, (spend)
94) Getting to work on time means................. ..... ........ very early in the morning, (get up)
95) She has abstained from ...................................... for a long time, (drink)
96) There is no ............. ..... ............. what will happen. Don't waste time talking, (tell)
97) Jane took three weeks .... ... ..................... her illness, (get over)
98) You will have no difficulty (in) .... .................... . this letter into Turkish, (translate)
99) You will find it difficult............. ................... this subject to the students, (explain)
100) The travel agent recommended our................................... near the airport, (stay)
101) I cannot put up with your constant . ...... ....... ...... (complain)
102) The teacher advised me .. .................... carefully, (listen.)
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103) Your piano needs ............ .............. (tune)
104) You should practise .......... ... . ... English at every opportunity (speak)
105) Try ....................... .... the bell. Someone may be in. (ring)
106) I have never imagined the mountain .. ... .. .. so high, (be)
107) Do you prefer ..................... .. your letters to .......... ....... . .. them by hand? (type/write)
108) My father didn't want me ... ... ..... . a ballet dancer, (become)
109) I study hard, this means ... ... ... ...... a lot of time in the library, (spend)
110) You are supposed ... .. .. .. .. your parents without ... ... .. .. why. (obey / ask)
111) There is nothing ... .. ... ... .... us from .................... married, (prevent/get)
112) He slopped ............................... the map and then walked on. (look at)
113) I will never forget......... .. ... Rosemary standing on the balcony, (see)
114) I don't mind ..... .... ... ... .. in a lent if there are no snakes, (sleep)
115) I am sorry I forgot .. .................... the letter you gave me. (post)
116) Don'1 pretend ......................... ... him, you know you don't really (like)
117) [hate... .... .. ... .. any kind of sports on television, (watch)
118) Children should be encouraged .... .. .............. as early as possible, (swim)
119) I really appreciate your .... ... .. ... .. to help the poor, (try)
120) The main subject of the talk is how . .. ... .. .. crimes from ..... .... .... .. . (prevent / happen)
121) My friend suggested ........ ... .. .. a picnic on the. island on Sunday, (have)
122) I quit................................. comic books when I was twelve years old. (read)
123) I got the students .... .. .. .. .... the sentences three limes, (repeat)
124) The school doesn't allow .................................. here, (smoke)
125) I cannot imagine ................ .. .in a place like that, (live)
126) I would recommend you .. ... .... ..... ... Turkey in the summer, (visit)
127) We expect Jane. ....... .. .. .. in the office on Saturdays, (work)
128) The policeman admitted (to)...... ... ... .. . bribes, (take)
129) The teacher explained his ... .... .... ... .... ill. (be)
130) There were a lot of girls, but I favoured .. ....... ....................... with Lucy, (dance)
131) Why don't you forbid your daughter ..................... .......... cigarettes? (smoke)
132) Pedro claimed ........... ...................... the last heir to the fortune, (be)
133) How did you come ................................. her? (know)
134) Should I include .. ................... a diploma on my application form? (have)
135) I happened .. .... ...... ... .... . the teacher in the park the other day. (see)
136) Paola is not well enough ......... ..... ..... ... to the party tomorrow, (come)
137) It is boring ..................................... there doing nothing, (sit)
138) It isn't worth while . ............ .... . to Paris for only one day (go)
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139) Caroline forgot when................................. the children to the concert, (take)
140) It is useless ...................................... roses in this kind of soil, (plant)
141) Mandy was on the point of...................................... Istanbul when we got there, (leave)
142) Will you excuse my .. .. ......... ..... early? (leave)
143) My sister went on.. ... .. .... ... .. about the other matter, (talk)
144) I meant..................................... married last year but I didn't have enough money, (get)
145) If you want to go to the cinema, it will mean .... .... .... .... . a baby-sitter, (get)
146) She asked me ...................................... the car in front of the house, (not, leave)
147) Stop..... .... .. ... ... of the window and listen to me. (look out)
148) The policeman warned my father.. .... .. .... .... fast, (not, drive)
149) I know him ...................................... honest, (be)
150) I don't understand your ................................ angry with me. (get)
151) The teacher cannot tolerate my ... ... ... ..... late every day. (come)
152) I would like you ...................................... your holidays in Italy, (spend)
153) I cannot stand your .... .......... .... ... so rudely towards my father, (behave)
154) If you gamble, you risk.. ........ ........... your money, (lose)
155) The puppies looked so sweet that I couldn't resist... ..... . .... .. them, (stroke)
156) I don't recommend ...................................... your summer holidays in Paris, (spend)
157) Heidi offered .......... ......... .... me a lift to the station, (give)
158) My father promised me that he would give up.. ..... ..... ...... ....(smoke)
159) I don't recall...................................... to have lunch with you. (promise)
160) I would prefer you .................................. at home, (stay)
161) I had a good time...................................... at the party (dance)
162) She explained to me what kind of food.......... ....... ............ (eat)
163) They keep (on). ........ .. .... ... their minds all the time, (change)
164) Helen mentioned................................... me on television last week, (see)
165) The baby appears ...................................... hungry (be)
166) I cannot forgive Julia for. .......... ..... ..... her promise, (break)
167) She heard the noise, but she was afraid .................................... downstairs, (go)
168) My sister is afraid of................................... in the dark, (walk)
169) What you do is . .......... .... .... .. the eggs with flour, (mix)
170) Can you imagine.. .... ... .... .... .. ten thousand dollars in the state lottery? (win)
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EXERCISE 174 GERUNDS
Answer the following questions using the structures below.
BE USED TO + GERUND/GERUND PHRASE
BE ACCUSTOMED TO + GERUND/GERUND PHRASE
BE USED TO + NOUN
BE ACCUSTOMED TO + NOUN
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Example: A: Do you drive on the right?
B: No, I don't. I am not used to driving on the right.
No, I don't. I am not accustomed to driving on the right.
A: Does the hot weather bother you?
B: No, it doesn't. I am used to the hot weather.
No, it doesn't. I am accustomed to the hot weather.
1. A: Do you always walk quickly?
B: No, ...………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. A: Does your father always have a cold shower in (he morning?
B: Yes, ...………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A: Does your sister always have a siesta in the afternoon?
B: No, ...………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. A: Does your friend always live on. his own?
B: Yes, ...………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. A: Do you like this kind of food in Turkey?
B: No...………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. A: Can you live in the Polar region?
B: Yes...………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A: Do you always sleep with the windows open?
B: No...………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. A: Do the insults of your friends bother you?
B: Yes...………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. A: Can you live in such a climate like this?
B: No...………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. A: Are you fond of listening to Turkish music?
B: Yes...………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. A: Do you like eating spicy food?
B: No...………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. A: Do you always go to work at sunrise7
B: Yes, ...………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. A: Does your father always go to bed so late?
B: No,...………………………………………………………………………………………………
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EXERCISE 175 GERUNDS
Answer the following questions giving long answers.
1) Are you in the habit of smoking Hubble bubble?
2) Do you love walking in the snow?
3) Do you think that knowing a foreign language is useful?
4) What is your father used to doing in the morning?
5) What are you afraid of doing at night?
6) Are you tired of living in Istanbul?
7) What do your parents enjoy doing at the weekends?
8) What is your mother tired of doing every day?
9) Are you accustomed to eating the same kind of food all the time?
10) Do you think that using a computer is absolutely necessary nowadays?
11) What are you fond of doing on Sundays?
12) Do you avoid drinking coffee if it keeps you up at night?
13) Did you have fun watching the football match on TV last night?
14) What do you do if you consider quitting your job?
15) Do you feel like going to the cinema tonight?
16) Are you allowed to enter a mosque without taking your shoes off?
17) Do you think that teaching English calls for a lot of patience?
18) Is there a possibility of going to Mars in the future?
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EXERCISE 176 GERUNDS/INFINITIVES
Complete the following sentences with the "Gerund" or "Infinitive" forms of the "verbs" on the list below.
A. WRITE, TALK, LEARN, WATER, LISTEN TO, STUDY, PLAY, TAKE, DO, DRIVE
1) I am very good at ........................... ... ... chess. Nobody can beat me.
2) Do you like... .. ... .. .. ... ......... classical music?
3) Do you think it is easy ................... .... .. ... .... a foreign language?
4) My brother learned ..... .......... .. .... ... .. . a car when he was seventeen.
5) I finished .................... .. ... .. .... . the first few pages of my term paper.
6) He promised . .. ..... .. ......................... the flowers while! was out of town.
7) My mother fell better after ..... .. .... ... ... .... her medicine.
8) It is pointless . ... ..... ... .... ... .... .. ..a language if you are never going to use it.
9) Could you please sit down and stop . .. . .. ...... ..... ..... .... .!
10. My sister is busy ...... ... ... ... ......... ..... . her homework at the moment.
B. BE, CRY, PLAY, SPEAK, WAIT, POST, SPEAK, FIND, WIDEN, ARRIVE
1) There is always a traffic jam here. The road needs ... ................. .. ... ..
2) Taking care of the neighbour's house proved .... .... .... .... ... .... .. a difficult job.
3) I had a lot of difficulty ..... .... .. .... ... ............... another job in Istanbul.
4) After not...................................................... to each other for a year, they decided to bury the hatchel
5) It was rather childish of him ..... ... ... ....................... ... when he did badly in the test.
6) 1 would prefer .... .... .... .. .. .... .... ...here a bit if you don't mind.
7) Could you remind me .................. ................................. this letter?
8) I will never forget ....... .. .. .... .. .... .... in New York the first time.
9) I couldn't resist ... ... .. .... ... .... .... .. a trick on the teacher.
10. Why do you always insist on my .................. .. ... ... ... English all the time?
C. CHECK, WORK, BLAME, GET, INTERRUPT, FIND, TELL, DRIVE, ARGUE, EMIGRATE
1) I hope you won't mind my ................................... .. .you are having a chat.
2) I don't feel like ....................................................., so T will say no more about the subject.
3) The traffic policeman stopped the man for.... .. ... .. ....... ..... ... intoxicated.
4) It is not much use. ... ... ... ..... .... .... .... our defeat on the weather.
5) It won't be easy for Melissa ........................................................ a new job in London.
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6) I am interested in ....................................................... to Canada.
7) Remember... ........ ...... ... .. ...your answers before you leave the exam room.
8) I regret... ... .... ........ ... ......... you that I will not be able to atlend the reception next week.
9) It means ................................................. a raise or being thrown out of the office.
10) My parents always encourage me ..... .... .... ..... .... ... . as hard as I can.
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EXERCISE 181 INFINITIVES (ENOUGH/TOO)
Rewrite the following sentences using "ENOUGH". Change the adjectives if necessary.
Example: This skirt is too short for an old lady to wear.
This shirt is not long enough for an old lady to wear.
1) The weather is too cold for us to go swimming.
2) Natalie is too careless to see her mistakes.
3) This tangerine is too sour for me to eat.
4) My sister is too young to get married. She is only sixteen.
5) The puzzle was too difficult for anyone to solve.
6) You are too young to be a member of this club.
7) Stella is too short to reach (to) that high shelf.
8) She is too weak to walk without help.
9) We were too far to be able to see their faces.
10) My grandfather was too old to travel on his own.
11) Julia is too poor to buy that house.
12) The sea was too rough for us to go sailing.
13) The house is too expensive for us to buy
14) This room is too dark for me to take pictures.
15) Gloria was too old to apply for the job.
16) The horse was too slow to win the race.
17) They are too stupid to know the answer.
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EXERCISE 182 INFINITIVES (ENOUGH)
Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structure below. Change the adjectives if necessary.
ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH + FULL INFINITIVE
Example: Maria is very rich. She can buy a villa by the sea.
Maria is rich enough to buy a villa by the sea.
1) Diana is very tall. She can touch the ceiling.
2) The electric torch is very small. It tan go into a pocket.
3) My brother is very strong. He can lift a horse.
4) The stadium is very big. It can hold sixty thousand people.
5) I am not very well. I cannot make a trip around the world.
6) This soldier is not very brave. He cannot fight the enemy
7) My sister is not very clever. She cannot solve that problem.
8) Susan was very clever. She answered all the questions.
9) Kate is very poor. She cannot buy an expensive car.
10) Diana was very old. She could not apply for the job.
11) George was not very experienced. He could not tackle the problems.
12) You are not old. You cannot watch this film on the television.
13) Belly was not old. She could not go to school.
14) The horse was very fast. It could win all the races easily
15) He was very thirsty lie drank five glasses of water.
16) That small chair is not very strong. It cannot support that heavy man.
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EXERCISE 183 INFINITIVES (TOO)
Rewrite the following sentences using "TOO" using the structure below.
TOO + ADJECTIVE + FULL INFINITIVE
Example: Pamela was so worried that she couldn't concentrate on her homework.
Pamela was too worried to concentrate on her homework.
1) Eileen was so impatient that she couldn't tolerate the children for very long.
2) The coffee was so sweet that I couldn't drink it.
3) The Adana Kebap was so hot that we couldn't eat it.
4) This film is so violent that my children cannot watch it on TV
5) Molly was so poor that she couldn't pay the rent of her flat.
6) I was so tired that I couldn't go to the cinema with my friends.
7) They were so busy that they couldn't have a chat.
8) Angela is so upset that she cannot stop crying.
9) It is such a heavy box that I cannot lift it.
10) The lesson was so boring that I couldn't stay there the whole time.
11) The man was so fat that he couldn't go through the door.
12) The weather was so cold that the children couldn't go swimming.
13) The room was so dark that we couldn't take any pictures.
14) The meeting was so short that we couldn't reach any decisions.
15) The exercise is so difficult that 1 cannot do it.
16) I am so busy that 1 cannot take you to the cinema tonight.
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EXERCISE 184 INFINITIVES (TOO)
Combine the following pairs of sentences with "TOO" using the structure below.
TOO + ADJECTIVE + (FOR + NOUN/PRONOUN) + FULL INFINITIVE
Example: It is very cold. We cannot have a picnic on the island.
It is too cold (for us) to have a picnic on the island.
1) This book is very boring. I cannot read it in two clays.
2) The coffee was very hoi. I couldn’t drink it.
3) Life is very short. We cannot worry about every little thing.
4) The staircase is very steep. My grandmother cannot climb it.
5) The sky was very cloudy. We couldn't see the UFO at all.
6) That car is quite expensive. I cannot afford to buy it,
7) This orange is very sour. I cannot eat it.
8) This room is very cold. We cannot sit in it,
9) The exercise was quite difficult. We couldn't do it within two hours.
10) It is very far. We cannot walk there.
11) Russian is very difficult. I cannot learn it within two years.
12) The film was very touching. I couldn't watch it on TV last night.
13) These letters are very long. Helen cannot type them in two hours.
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14) This coffee is very strong. I cannot drink it without milk.
15) The river was very deep. The children couldn't swim in it.
16) The dress is very long. Stella cannot wear it.
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EXERCISE 187 INFINITIVES (LET/ALLOW)
Answer the following questions using the structures below.
LET + SOMEONE + DO + SOMETHING
ALLOW + SOMEONE + TO DO + SOMETHING
BE + ALLOWED + TO DO + SOMETHING (PASSIVE)
Example: Can you play cards at school?
a. No, the teachers don't let us play cards at school.
b. No, the teachers don't allow us to play cards at school.
c. No, we are not allowed to play cards at school.
1. Can you speak loudly in the library?
a. No, the librarian.........................................................................................................
b. No, the librarian ....................... .......... ..... ... .... .... ... ... ... ..... ..... .....
c. No, we............... ..................... .... .... .... ... ..................................................
2. Can the students of this school wear jeans at school?
a. No, they ..................................................................................................
b. No, they ..............................................................................................................
c. No, they .......................................................................................................
3. Did your sister go to the circus last night?
a. Yes, my father.......................................................................................
b. Yes, my father...........................................................
c. Yes, she ...„...................................................................
4. Could your brother go to the disco five years ago?
a. No, my parents......................................................................................................
b. No, my parents........................................................... .... .... ..... ..... ..... .....
c. No, he .................................................................................................................
5. Are you going to pick up flowers in the park?
a. No, the gardener ...................................................................................................
b. No, the gardener................................................................................................
c .No, I .....................................................................
6. Can you do bungee jumping from this bridge?
a. No, the police.................................................................................................................
b. No, the police ..................................................................................................
c. No, we .................................. ..... .... .... .... .... ... .... ........... .... ......... .....
7. Can your sister go to the night clubs by herself?
a. Yes, my parents.... .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .. .... .... ...... ... ...... ... ....
b. Yes, my parents ........................................................................................................
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c. Yes, she .................................................................................................
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EXERCISE 193 PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)
Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of Reason".
Example: Helen didn't go to work because she felt / was feeling ill.
Helen didn't go to work feeling ill. Feeling ill, Helen didn’t go to work.
As/because I didn’t understand the question, I couldn’t answer it.
Not understanding the question, I couldn’t answer it.
1) As / because I fell restless, I look a walk in the park.
2) Because the swimmer was gasping for breath, he was pulled from the churning water.
3) Since / because we finished our work early, we were free to go home.
4) Because George ate a good dinner, he began to feel better.
5) As Lora was intelligent, she learned geometry quickly.
6) As I didn't know where to go, I asked for directions.
7) As / because Mandy was ill, she stayed in hospital for ten days.
8) As/because I was not able to afford to take a taxi, I went home on fool.
9) As Peter didn't expect any letter, he was surprised to be given one.
10) As we were tired of waiting, we decided to go home.
11) Because Tom is unemployed, he hasn't got much money
12) As the teacher was cautious, he read the letter twice.
13) Since/because I was the only teacher in the village. I was in a fortunate position.
14) Since / because Maria heard a scream, she went out to investigate.
15) As he was poor, he couldn’t afford to buy books.
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EXERCISE 194 PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)
Combine or rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase"
Example: A time-bomb exploded. It killed ten students.
A time-bomb exploded killing ten students.
1) The Earth goes round the sun. The Earth rotates on its axis.
2) Janet is sitting under the tree. She is writing a love letter.
3) Julia is here. She is playing with the dogs.
4) There is a bearded man in the street. He is begging for bread.
5) There is a teacher on the floor. He is dancing with his student.
6) Paul's father died. He left all his fortune to him.
7) Maggie came back from her holiday. She felt completely refreshed.
8) My father sat up till midnight. He studied the documents I gave.
9) Lisa is sitting beside the man. She is watching TV
10) The car turned the corner and hit a tree.
11) The factory burned down and caused many deaths.
12) He spent most of his time in Paris. He visited all the museums.
13) Tony walked out of the room. He slammed the door behind him.
14) Stella lay awake all night and recalled the events of the day.
15) The children ran down the street. They shouted and waved their hats.
16) Susan phoned and told me what she had done on her holiday.
17) I cut my hand while I was trying to open the tin.
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EXERCISE 195 PRESENT PARTICIPLES
Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the "Relative Clause".
Example: The man who is looking at the beautiful girl is very handsome.
The man looking at the beautiful girl is very handsome.
There was a man who swam in the river when it was raining.
There was a man swimming in the river when it was raining.
1) The car which belongs to my uncle is more expensive than mine.
2) It was a mixture which consisted of oil and vinegar.
3) The woman who is playing tennis over there is my English teacher.
4) There is a car which is waiting for us outside.
5) There are some children who are running towards the theatre.
6) 1 saw a bear which was dancing in the street.
7) The men who stayed at the Hilton hotel were all carrying guns.
8) There were a lot of children who were playing in the giant's garden.
9) There was a policeman who was shouting at the children at the top of his voice.
10) I stayed in a collage which belonged to my friend.
11) The students who don't obey the school rules must be punished.
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12) It was only Michael, who was chopping wood in the garden.
13) It was our neighbour, who wanted to borrow some sugar.
14) It is Pamela, who is asking if she can use the telephone.
15) I gave the message to the man who resembles your father.
A. BUY, PUT, WANT, LEAVE, SHAKE, FEEL, FIND, HAVE, CLOSE, TURN
1) ........................... the water off his body, the dog ran after his master.
2) She entered the room silently..................the door softly behind her.
3) Lucy cried softly ....... her head in her hands.
4) You waste your money.......................things that nobody wants.
5) .......... .... ..........the key, he opened the door.
6) After ...................... .. a hot drink, I usually go to bed.
7) Before ...................... ....... the house, she put the letter in her handbag.
8) When.................depressed, I always spend my money on useless things.
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9) Not ............................. to frighten the poor man, Rose hid in the store-room under the stairs.
10) Not............... ............... anyone at home, Olga pushed a note through the letter-box.
B. COME, KNOW, FLY, GREET, PLAY, SING, WAIT, PUT, SWIM, GO OUT
1) After ............... .............. her costume on, Eileen went downstairs to open the door.
2) 2. Girls usually make up their faces before ...... „.... .. ......... with their boyfriends.
3) 3. I have never heard a nightingale ............... .. .. in the forest.
4) The American pilots observed a strange object.... ....................... . in the sky yesterday.
5) We saw three children........ .. ............... towards the shore.
6) There is a car... ................... .... . in front of the hospital.
7) There are some children ........................ ... hide and seek in the garden.
8) There was blood ........... ................. from a wound in his chest.
9) The woman ............ ................. the crowd is the wife of the Prime Minister.
10) Not.................................... quite what to do, the old woman sat down on the rock.
C. TAKE, SEIZE, PAY, TRAIN, CROSS, ASK, BE, OPEN, FIGHT, BELONG TO
1) .................................. furious with the referee, George started to swear.
2) Peter is having a lot of trouble ............................. his mortgage every month.
3) ............. .................. the door, Natalie found two letters on the floor.
4) People ............... .. .......... the train to Paris must go to platform three.
5) ................................ power in the country, they started to make a lot of new reforms.
6) After ............ ................... for ten years, Julia joined the National team.
7) While................................ the street, Pamela nearly got knocked down by a bus.
8) While ............. ............... in Palestine, he was seriously wounded.
9) 1 stayed at the hotel .. ........................... my friend's father,
10) After. ............................ such a simple question, Fiona felt ashamed.
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EXERCISE 201 PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)
Combine or rewrite the following sentences using a "Perfect Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of
Time and Reason”.
Examples: After I have talked to my father, I led much better.
(After) having talked to my father, I fed much better.
When Isabel saw the police, she got frightened.
Having seen the police, Isabel got frightened.
As / because Sabrina finished the job, she gave a sigh of relief.
Having finished the job, Sabrina gave a sigh of relief,
I didn't see the letter. I didn’t know what it was about.
Not having seen the letter, I didn’t know what it was about.
1) As/because I have acted upon your recommendation, I have decided to be a pilot.
2) Tom had broken his leg. He didn't take part in the tournament.
3) I have broken her heart. I went back to apologize.
4) Matilda saw her ex-husband. She became worried.
5) Jack had taken off his overalls and now wore a suit.
6) Once / when she had said good bye to Gila, she packed her bags.
7) My mother gave Melanie her breakfast and then watched her eat it.
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8) As I spent the whole afternoon watching TV, I didn’t manage 10 finish my homework.
9) When I had spent all my money, I asked my brother to lend me some.
10) The postman was out of breath after he had run so far.
11) As I drank some coffee last night, I couldn’t go to sleep until three in the morning.
12) As I have lived in Hong Kong for twelve years, I have a wide knowledge of China.
13) After he had eaten so much at dinner, he suffered from indigestion.
14) After I had made a reasonable amount of money, I didn’t need to do any more work.
15) As/because Sheila had worked all day, she got tired.
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EXERCISE 204 PRESENT/PERFECT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS)
Combine or rewrite the following sentences using a "Present or Past Participle Phrase". Notice that the subjects
of the two clauses and sentences are different, so we cannot omit the subjects in the Participle Clauses.
Example: Present Participle:
As (he dog was barking furiously, Silva threw a stone at it.
The dog barking furiously, Silva threw a stone at it.
Perfect Participle:
After her father left/had left the house, I told them the truth.
Her father having left the house, I told them the truth.
1) The restaurant was closed, so we had to go to another one.
2) The bus had gone. I offered her a lift.
3) The children were not sleepy, so we decided to stay a little longer at the party
4) My clothes had been returned to me. I was free to go.
5) The bus drivers were on strike, so we decided to walk to work.
6) The chair leg was in my hand. I stammered an apology.
7) Our clothes were wet, so we decided to sit by the fire.
8) Tears were rolling down her face. Helga screamed more loudly.
9) The job had been done. I left the house.
10) My son had taken the car. We were forced to travel by car.
11) Maria was ordered to stand for several hours. I soon grew weary waiting for her.
12) The crowds cheered. The royal party drove to die palace.
13) Since / because Natalie had broken her leg, the doctor sent her to hospital.
14) After the fire had been extinguished, the firemen departed.
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EXERCISE 205 PRESENT/PAST PARTICIPLES
Complete the sentences with the "Present Participle" or "Past Participle" forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
Example : Present Participle:
It is the most..................................... film I've ever seen, (excite)
It is the most exciting film I've ever seen.
Past Participle:
He became very ...................................... about the Cup Final, (excite)
He became very excited about the Cup Final.
1) We found her .......................................... music in the attic, (listen to)
2) The protestors marched down the street...................................... banners, (wave)
3) The two people ...................................... in the accident are still in a critical condition, (injure)
4) Not...................................... to create a scene, she waited until her husband came, (want)
5) The town ...................................... for the next Olympics was one nobody had expected, (choose)
6) The man ...................................... to repair the television set was useless, (send)
7) He looked at her hard,...................................... her face, (study)
8) Rosemary was in the West Indies ...................................... some friends, (visit)
9) He went into the kitchen ...................................... his coffee, (drink)
10) Not having ...................................... her for many years, I cried with joy. (see)
11) Here is a letter ...................................... by your ex-husband, (write)
12) ...................................... a teacher, you are used to this kind of exercise, (be)
13) Natalie came into my study ...................................... a Russian song, (sing)
14) The concert.................................... by the Orchestra was a great success, (conduct)
15) Rose was sitting there ..................................... the teacher in admiration, (stare at)
16) It is a temporary delay ...................................... by the weather, (cause)
17) The student...................................... to the hospital is very poor, (take)
18) The play which I saw was very ....................................... (interest)
19) The woman ...................................... in the house was crying with fear, (trap)
20) The ...................................... child was waiting in front of the house, (cry)
21) After the exhaustive search, they found the ...................................... children, (miss)
22) Anyone ...................................... by a strange dog should see the doctor, (bite)
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23) Most of the people ...................................... to the party were old friends, (invite)
24) There is a student...................................... at the board, (yawn)
25) What Mary said was very ....................................... (touch)
26) I was trying to save the ...................................... child, (drown)
27) Many children take part in plays ...................................... by their school, (organise)
28) I don't know the number of the books ....................................... (order)
29) The doctor found him ...................................... with pain, (groan)
30) ................................... the envelope, he was ........................... to see his name, (look at/ astonish)
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EXERCISE 210 NOT ONLY... BUT ALSO
Answer the following questions using "NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO ".
Example : A: You speak Spanish. Do you also speak French?
B: Yes, I speak not only Spanish but also French.
A: You locked the door. Did you secure the windows as well?
B: Not only did I lock the door, but I also secured the windows.
1. A: Turkish people are very hospitable. Are they friendly, too?
B: Yes, ..... ... .. ....................... .. ... ... ................ .... .... ....................... .... ... ........
2. A: Your parents like classical music. Do they like pop music, too?
B: Yes, ..................... ... .... .. ... .. .... ...................... .. .... .. .... ... ... ..............................
3. A; You lost your wallet. Did you lose your keys, too?
B: Yes, ..... .. .... ................................. ... ... .. ... ................................. .... .. .. .. ..
4. A: Olga failed in chemistry Did she also fail in literature?
B: Yes, ... .... .. ... ................................. .... .... ... ... .... . .............................. .... ... ....
5. A: Michael is very handsome. Is he very rich, too?
B: Yes, .......... .... ... ... .. ... .. ................................... .. ..... ..... .... .... .. . ..................... .. . .
6. A: You visited the National Gallery Did you visit the London Tower, too?
B: Yes, .. ... ........ ............................................... .... ...... ...................................... ... ..
7. A: Your sister made her bed. Did she also do her homework?
B: Yes, .......... .. .... .. .................................. ... ... ... .. .. .... ... .. ....................... ..
8. A: You returned the money Did you pay interest, too ?
B: Yes, ................ .................. .............................. . ... ... ......... .. .. .........................
9. A: Your sister plays the piano very well. Does she play the violin very well, too ?
B: Yes, .... ... ................................................ .... ... .... ................................ .. .... .... .... ... ........
10. A: You have written the letters. Have you posted them, too?
B: Yes, ........................... .... ...... .. .... ...... ..................... .. . .. ..... ............................... ....
11. A: Miranda passed her exam. Did she get a very good mark, too ?
B: Yes, ................ ......................... .. .. .. ............................. .. .. .. .. .................
12. A: You speak German very well. Do you speak Italian very well, too ?
B: Yes, ... ............ .............................. ....... .................................... .. ....... ........ .........
13. A: You are angry1 with me. Are you angry with my wife, too?
B: Yes, ................................ .. .. .. .. ............................ .. .. ........................................... .
14. A: You were a very good singer. Were you a very good pianist, too ?
B: Yes, .... ... .. ..... ....... ...... ................... .. ... .... .............. .. ..... .... ... ... ...
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15. A: Your father is very rich. Is your father very generous, too?
B: Yes,. ......................... .. .. .. .. ....... ........ ....... ... ... ... . ............ ........ ... .. ... .
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EXERCISE 212 ASKING FOR PERMISSION
Rewrite the following sentences using the structures when we are asking for permission as in the examples
below.
Examples: I want to close the window.
1) May 1 close the window?
2) Might I close the window?
3) Can I close the window?
4) Could I close the window?
5) Do you mind if I close the window?
6) Would you mind if I closed the window?
7) Is it all right with you if I close the window?
8) Would it be all right if I closed the window?
9) Do you object to my closing the window?
10) Do you raise any objection to my closing the window?
11) Do you have any objection to my closing the window?
1. I want to play the piano.
1) ............................................. .. ... ... ........ ..... .. ... .. ................................... ... ?
2) .......................................................................................... .. ... .... .. .. .... .. ?
3) .......................... ......... ........................................................... ........ ..?
4) ...................................................................................................................... ..............................?
5) .. .... .... ....................................................................................................................?
6) ...... ... .. ..... .......... .... .... ... ... .. .. .. .. ... ................................ ...... ... ... .. .... . ?
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7) ..................................................................................................................... ... .. .. .... .... ..?
8) . .................... .. ........................................................................ ... .... ........................?
9) ........................... ... .. ........... .. ..... ....... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ..... ..?
10) ..... ............................................................................................................. ........ ... ?
11) ... ... .... ......... ........ ... ...........................................?
2. I want to go To the cinema with my friend tonight.
3. I want to play hide and seek with my friends in the garden.
4. I want to turn the radio up a little bit.
5. I want to take a picture of the villa.
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EXERCISE 216 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE)
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: The man will be very rich. The man won the first prize last week.
The man who won the first prize last week will be very rich.
1) The girl is very beautiful. She is sitting next to me.
2) The girl is my Talker's secretary. The girl had an accident yesterday
3) The clerk doesn't work here anymore. He was the most impolite person in the world.
4) The boy threw a stone at me. He has just gone to the cinema with his friend.
5) The woman is in love with my brother. She has been living in Italy for a long time.
6) The man rushed into the bank. He was wearing a silk stocking over his face.
7) The article was about the Turkish troops in Iraq. It was criticized by the press.
8) The books are lying on the table. They are very interesting. .
9) The man has been arrested by the police. He lives on the third floor.
10) The woman cannot play tennis very well. She has poor eyesight.
11) The fire started on the third floor. It destroyed the whole building.
12) The aeroplane frightened the students. It was flying very low over the school.
13) The story was very amusing. It was told by my teacher yesterday.
14) The doctor is on holiday now. He usually attends my mother.
15) The roads will he blocked with snow soon. They lead to Artvin.
16) The men have been put in prison. They shot the seals last week.
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EXERCISE 217 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE)
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: I know the girls. The girls went to Paris last week.
I know the girls who went to Paris last week.
1) I saw the woman. The woman dropped her purse on the bus yesterday.
2) I visited the man. The man used to live with my family years ago.
3) I am going to get married to the man. He went to London on business last week.
4) Where can I catch the bus? It goes to Piccadilly Circus.
5) They put the blame on the woman. She was seen getting on a train two days ago.
6) The robber pointed his gun at the clerk. The clerk was at the party last night.
7) Our neighbour saw the thief. The thief was wearing blue jeans.
8) I have a friend. He has been running a shop in Athens for a long time.
9) My friend lives in a house. The house is on the river.
10) The policeman is looking for a man. The man left his car in front of the hospital.
11) My teacher gets impatient with the students. They are uninterested and inattentive.
12) Peter took the place of the performer. He had been injured in a car accident.
13) The train was crowded with the students. They were all very friendly.
14) The police are looking for a woman. She is thought to be very dangerous.
15) This method was widely used to cure the patients. They were mentally ill.
16) I have a friend. He has never been to the cinema in his life.
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EXERCISE 218 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (OBJECTIVE CASE)
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM1', "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: The man is rolling in money. You see the man over there.
The man (who / whom) you see over there is rolling in money.
1. The woman has just deserted me. I got married to the woman for her money.
2. The pictures have been stolen by a thief. The woman painted them on the island.
3. The woman has gone to live in Spain. I met the woman at a party a few weeks ago.
4. The girl is my sister. You have just told her the story.
5. The ring was not diamond. My friend bought the ring for his sweetheart,
6. The (lowers smell very nice. 1 cut them this morning.
7. The girl was a teacher. 1 introduced the girl to my family the other day.
8. The money should be spent on food. They will spend the money on drink.
9. The man was a sales representative. I talked to him in the shop a few days ago.
10. The woman has been given the job. They interviewed the woman yesterday.
11. The drugs only exacerbated the pain. The doctor gave the drugs to me yesterday.
12. The film was terrible. We saw the film last week.
13. The little girl was very poor. The sailors found her on a deserted island the other day.
14. The novels are very difficult to read. He wrote the novels late in life.
15. The sights interested him a great deal. The sailors saw the sights in Istanbul.
16. The houses are very expensive. My father wanted to buy them last week.
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EXERCISE 219 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (OBJECTIVE CASE)
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: I love the teacher. You saw the teacher in the park the other day,
I love the teacher (who / whom) you saw in the park the other day.
1) I am in love with the woman. I saw the woman at the theatre last week.
2) I will sell the antiques. I found them in my grandmother's attic.
3) Everybody knows the girl. You met her at the party last night.
4) I am cross with the girl. My father advised her to see a doctor right away.
5) I am riding on the animal. My father bought it last week.
6) I had a row with the girl. I gave her a colourful book last week.
7) I cannot find the book. I was reading it last night.
8) I didn't like the present. John gave it to me yesterday.
9) I like the sweater. My mother made it for me.
10) My father hung the picture on the wall. He had painted it when he was on the island.
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11) Mary has a bicycle. She rides it every weekend.
12) Helen has lost the ruler. She bought it yesterday.
13) I am wearing the shoes. My uncle bought them for me last week.
14) The woman pointed her gun at the doctor. I met the doctor at the airport last night.
15) She told us a story. I didn't believe it.
16) Someone has stolen the pencil I laid it on the table a few minutes ago.
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EXERCISE 222 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative Adverb
"WHEN".
Example: July is the month. The weather is usually the hottest then.
July is the month when (in which) the weather is usually the hottest.
1. It is the hour of the day. All the activities slow clown then.
2. We went to the island in May. All trees blossom then.
3. He came to Turkey in 1998. His company opened a new office then.
4. The day was very windy. You last saw Mary then.
5. I remember the morning. The soldiers left the city then.
6. Last summer was the time. I learned how to swim then.
7. The time hasn't been set yet. The exam is going to be given then.
8. Tom studied about the period. The discovery was made then.
9. I will never forget the time. George came to school then.
10. Can you suggest a time? It will be convenient to meet then.
11. It was the day. My mother saw a lemon tree for the first time then.
12. That was the day. I got my first job then.
13. She has been having problems since the day. My grandmother died then.
14. My father was visiting the town on the day. The war broke oat then.
15. 1960 was the year. Our wedding took place then (in that year).
16. Sunday is the day. I get up late then.
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EXERCISE 223 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (PREPOSITIONS)
Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example: The girl lives in Paris. I am in love with the girl.
a. The girl (who / whom) I am in love with lives in Paris. The girl with whom I am in love lives in Paris.
I. The school was founded in the fifteenth century. My children go to it.
a. ..........................................................................................................
b.........................................................................................................................
2. The car had been stolen. The robbers got away in it.
a. .................................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
3. The man gave me different information. I spoke to him this morning.
a. ............................................................................................................................................................
b......................................................................................................................
4. The hospital enjoys a good reputation. I am employed in the hospital.
a. ..........................................................................................................................................................
b.......................................................................................................................
5. My father is using a computer. I am not familiar with it.
a...........................................................................................................
b........................................................................................................................................
6. The chair is not comfortable. You are silting on it now.
a. .................................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
7. The girl comes from Italy. I shared the room with her when 1 was in London.
a. .....................................................................................................
b..............................................................................................................................
8. The room is on the second floor. We study in the room.
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a. .....................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
9. I want to buy the book. Everybody is talking about it.
a. ........................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
10. The club is very expensive. Many entertainers belong to it.
a. .......................................................................................................................................................
b.................................................................................................................................
11. The man has got married again. I bought this car from him last month.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. The woman has left for Paris today. You were sitting next to her at the cinema.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. The elephant was brought from India. The children were riding on it half an hour ago.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. The hook belongs to my brother. You took a page out of the book.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. The city has a lot of interesting places. We are now flying over the city.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. The house will be on sale pretty soon. They are looking at the house.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. The man is my uncle. Mary spoke of him a minute ago.
18. Can you show me the house? Atatürk was born and brought up in it.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. The part of the city was near the castle. I was talking about it last night.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. The man is very old. We often go to him for advice.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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21. The girl is still unmarried. Some of the children take piano lessons from her.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. The address was wrong. Melissa sent the letter to the address.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. The officer has just got married. We were having a chat with him at the party.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24. The treaty was signed yesterday. We have been talking about it for days.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. All the efforts were useless. He was very proud of them.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. The project was cancelled. My sister was working on it.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. The train was very crowded. We were travelling on/in it yesterday.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28. I enjoyed the music. I listened to it last night.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29. The vehicle was involved in a road accident. The goods were being transported in it.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30. The thing was really of little importance. You were arguing about it.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31. We regret to inform you that the book is unobtainable. You inquired about it,
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The house is in need of considerable repair. I live in it.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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33. The house had just caught fire. The people ran out of it.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34. The hotel is located in the centre of Rome. You are going to stay at it.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35- The students are from Morocco. My brother is in close contact with them,
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36- The lady is my aunt. I introduced you to her the other day.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37. It was Helen. William borrowed the money from her.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38. The documents appear to have been mislaid. You refer to them.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39. The man is ill today. I usually drive to work with him.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40. It was John. We had to wait for him so long.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
41. The woman pays me a fair salary. I have been working for her for a long time.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42. The man is the director of the film. You should send your application to him.
a---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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EXERCISE 224 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Describe the people, using a "Relative Clause". Use the Prompts on the list below.
* He acts on the stage.
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* He steers a ship. * He kills a famous or important person.
* He flies a plane. * He treats sick people.
* He treats our teeth. * He works for a newspaper.
* He sells meat. * He collects stamps.
* He bakes bread. * He looks after patients in hospitals.
* He repairs cars. * He buys or sells goods in large quantities.
* He sets fire to property * He always steals things and can't stop doing it.
Example : A: What is an actor?
B: An actor is a person who acts on the stage.
1. A: What is a doctor?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
2. A: Whal is a mechanic?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
3. A: What is a captain?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
4. A: Whal is a pilot?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
5. A: What is a baker?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
........
6. A: What is a dentist?
B:
.........................................................................................................................................................................
.......
7. A: What is a butcher?
B: ...................................................... ..................... ..........................................................................................
8. A: What is an arsonist?
B.................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................
9. A: What is a merchant?
B: ............................................. ............................................... ...................... ............................................
10. A: What is a journalist?
B: ...................................................................... ....................... .....................................................................
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11. A: What is a nurse?
B:........................................................................................................................................................................
.......
12. A:What is a philatelist?
B:........................................................................................................................................................................
.........
13. A:What is an assassin?
B: ....................................................... .....................................................
..................................................................
14. A: What is a kleptomaniac?
B:........................................................................................................................................................................
.........
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EXERCISE 229 REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
Rewrite the following sentences using "WITH". Do not use the "Relative Pronouns".
Example: The girl who had long hair answered the door. The girl with the long hair answered the door.
1. The boy who has a bicycle is very clever.
2. Do you see the girl who has a red dress?
3. I feel sorry for people who have no homes.
4. John is a man who has a big heart.
5. I saw the man who had a scar on his face.
6. I bought a car which had four doors.
7. He was a nasty man who had a bad temper.
8. The clown who has a big nose made all the children laugh.
9. The man who had three children applied for the job.
10. The woman who has no sins will go to paradise.
11. My parents live in a house which has green shutters.
12. The woman who has a baby in her arms was waiting patiently.
13. The house which has a beautiful walled garden is on sale.
14. 1 envy people who have no family responsibilities.
15. It was a nice building which had a beautiful garden.
16. A man who has a mask over his face walked past me and entered the shop.
17. The men who have no qualifications at all cannot be accepted.
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EXERCISE 230 REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
Combine and reduce the following pairs of sentences using a "Past Participle".
Example : The student will win the reward. The student is selected by the jury
The student who is selected by the jury will win the reward.
The student selected by the jury will win the reward.
1. The woman was taken to hospital. She was injured in the accident.
2. The operation was a success. It was carried out by a famous surgeon yesterday.
3. The fence has been repaired. It was ruined by the children.
4. The lorry started its journey in Samsun. It was loaded with bricks.
5. The student is in hospital. He has been caught cheating in the examination.
6. I feel sorry for the teacher. He was sacked last week.
7. The classroom was very cold. It had been used lot the exam.
8. All the cars are very cheap. They are manufactured in that car plant.
9. The book will be announced tomorrow. It is selected by the committee.
10. The boy is waiting outside. He was expelled from school for smoking.
11. The debater refuted all the main points. They were made by the opponents.
12. The umbrella belongs to a friend of mine. It was found in the garden.
13. The students were cold and wet. They had been standing in the queue for hours to buy tickets.
14. The houses are comfortable. They are heated by solar energy
15. The man has asked me for ten dollars. He was sitting in the lobby an hour ago.
16. The book was very good. It was recommended by my friend.
17. The packages will be sent back. They are not wrapped correctly.
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EXERCISE 231 REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
Shorten the relative clauses in the following sentences without using a "Relative Pronoun" and the verb "BE".
Example: The picture which is on the wall is very expensive.
The picture on the wall is very expensive.
1. The man who is hi the room is very handsome.
2. The teacher who is in front of the car looks very tired.
3. The man who is on the left of the street is my [airier.
4. All the children that were at the party enjoyed themselves very much.
5. The books which are on the floor will be sent to Ankara.
6. The women who are in the examination room are very nervous
7. The bird which is in your hair seems to be wounded.
8. The woman who is in the corner gets up at six o'clock.
9. The boy who is on the platform will go to London next week.
10. The jacket which is in the car doesn't belong to me.
11. The girls who are in the photo are wearing mini-skirts.
12. The books which are for this course are very expensive.
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13. The ink which is in my pen is red.
14. The school which is in this town is very famous all over the world.
15. The church which is at the end of this street is very old.
16. The passengers who are on the plane are very afraid of hi-jackers.
17. The birds which are in that tree are singing beautifully.
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EXERCISE 233 ACTIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES)
1. 1. Susan makes me repeat the sentences.
2. ..... ........... ... ..... ..... ... ... ... .... ...... ..... ....
3. ........ ..... ... ..... ..... ... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....
4. .............. .... ..... .......... ......... ..... ..... ..... ....
5. ......................................................................................................
6. ..... ..... ..... ........ ....................................................
7. ............. .... .... ...... ............ .... ... .......... ...
8. ................................ ...................... .... .......... .....
9. .......................................................................................................
10. .. ..... .... ..... ..... ... ..... ........... ..... ..... ...... ...
2. 1.I get my father to take me to the cinema.
2. .. .... .... ... ..... ...................................................... ....
3. ................... .... ..... ... .... ... ..... ........................................
4. .... ............................................. ..... ..... ..... ..... ... ......
5. ... .............................................. .... ..... ..... ..... .... ......
6. .. ....................................................... ..... ..... ... .... ....
7. .. ............................................ .. .... ..... .... ...... ......
8. . .... ..... ... ..... .............................................. .... .......
9. .............. ............. ....................................................
10. ............................................. ... .... .... .... .... .... ..........
3. 1.My teacher has me carry the chairs into the staff room.
2. ..... .... ... .... ........................................................................ ..... .... .... ...... ...
3. ............... ... .... .... .... ......................................................... ....... ......... . ....
4. .. ... .. .... .... .. ..... .................................................... .... .. .... ..
5. .................................. ........ ... ..... ..... .... ......................................................
6. ..................................... ... ... ... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ... ....................................
7. ..... ..... - - ............................................................................... ..... ..... ....
8. ..... .......... .... ..... ..... ..... ... .. ... ...... ... .. .... .. ... ... ....
9. ... .......... ..... ...... ... .... ..... ... .... ..... ..... ..................... ................
10 ... .......... .............. ........... .... ..... .... ..... ...... .... .... .. .... .
4. My mother makes the man clean the carpets
5. The nurse has the patient take this horrible medicine.
6. My friend makes me laugh during the examination.
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7. I have Nancy write a composition for me.
8. My father lets me play the piano.
9. We gel the teacher to solve all the problems.
10. The teacher doesn't have the students write a composition.
11) --------------------------------------------------------------
12) --------------------------------------------------------------
11) --------------------------------------------------------------
12) --------------------------------------------------------------
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EXERCISE 238 PASSIVE CAUSATIVES
Rewrite the following sentences using the Passive Causative structure below.
HAVE + SOMETHING + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET + SOMETHING + PAST PARTICIPLE
Example: a. I always shine my shoes. (Active Causative)
b. I always have my shoes shined. (Passive Causative)
c. I always get my shoes shined. (Passive Causative)
1. a. The dentist checks my teeth every six months.
b. I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. I----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. a. My sister ironed my father's shirts yesterday.
b. My father ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. My father ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. a. The secretary has just typed Jane's letters.
b. Jane ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. Jane ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. a. The mechanic is going to repair Helen's car tomorrow.
b. Helen ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. Helen----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. a. The barber cuts my brother's hair every month.
b. My brother ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. My brother ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. a. The eye doctor tested John's eyes last week.
b. John ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. John ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. a. Some painters are painting the Wilson’s' house.
b. The Wilson’s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. The Wilson’s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. a. The policeman took my fingerprints this morning.
b. 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. I----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. a. A pickpocket stole my friend's wallet yesterday morning,
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b. My friend ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. My friend ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. a. An optician will test my eyes tomorrow.
b. I----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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EXERCISE 242 REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT)
Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the "Reporting Verbs"
as in the example below.
Direct : Jane says / said to me, '1 don't like my history teacher."
Reported : a. Jane tells me dial she doesn't I like her history teacher.
b. Jane told me that she didn't like her history teacher.
1. Lisa says/said to Paul, "I saw your father last week".
a. Lisa .... ............................................................ .... ..... .... ... .... ......
................................................................
b. Lisa.... .......................................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ........ ................. ...... .. .. .. .. ... ..
...
2. Helen says / said to him, "I was at the party with your friend yesterday".
a. Helen ........................................... ... ... ... ... ..... .................................... .. ..... ..... ... ....
b. Helen .. ....................................... .... .... ...... ................ .... ..... .......................................
3. Lora says / said to the boys, "You are lazy and unreliable".
a. Lora.. ..... ... .................................. .. .... ............................................ ... ............................................. ...
...
b. Lora ... .......................... ... .. .... .. ......................... .... .... ....................... .. .. .... ... .....................
4. Mar}' says / said to me, "You didn't do your homework last night".
a. Mary....................... ..... ... .. ................................. .... ... .......... ......... .. ... ... ........................
b. Mary ............................... .... ......... ..................... .... ..... ............................... ..
.......................................
5. Jane says / said To Tom, "My father will be sent to Spain next year".
a. Jane .............................. .... .. ........................................... ... ................................ ... .... ..
b. Jane .................... ... ... ............................ ... .... .... .......................... ... .. ......................... . .. ...
6. Wendy says / said to Fred, "My mother was mending your socks this evening".
a. Wendy .. .......................................... .... ... .............................. .... .... ............................. .... ... .... ... .....
b. Wendy .. .... ... .................. ....... .... ..... ..... .... ........................ ... ... . .. ................................... ... .....
...
7. Belly says / said to Mike, "You are going to be punished the day after tomorrow".
a. Belly .... .................... .. ... ................................... ..... .... .... ........... .......... ....... . .. .... ...
b. Belly..... ..... ......................... .... ..... ............................... ... .. .. .. . ..._...........
8. Kale says / said to Philip, "I am going to wake you up tomorrow morning".
327
a. Kate.................................... .......... ......... .. ... .. ................................................................. .. ... .. ....
.....
b. Kate ............................... .. .. ... ... ................................................... ............ ..
9. She says / said To the children, "I have already seen this film three times".
a. She ........ .. ... ..... ................................................ .... ..... .......................................... .. .. ... .... ..... .
b. She ........... .... ....... .. .. ................................. ........ .. .................................. ...... . ......... .
10. The judge says/said to the man, "The jury has found you guilty".
a. The judge ....... ....................................................... .... ... ......... ................................ ... ... ...
b. The judge ........................................... .... .... .... . .. ............................................ .... ........... .....
11. Gloria says/said to me, "My son has been studying medicine for a long time".
a. Gloria ...................... ... ... ..... ... .... .. ........................ ....... .... .. .... .......................................... ..... ...
b. Gloria ......... .. ... ........... ......................................... .... .... ..... .... ... ............................................ .........
...
1. Eliza said, "My sister was singing a song while I was having a bath".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Peter said, "1 was reading my book while Jack was doing his homework".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Angela said, "I was having a chat while the teacher was doing English".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Rose said, "I was writing a letter when my father was listening to the news".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Julia said, "The police were following the thief car while 1 was shouting".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Cathy said, "1 was making a cake in the kitchen as my sister was watching the TV".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Lucy said, "My father came home while my mother was listening to the radio".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Kate said, "I left the party as the students were having a good time".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Sally said, "I jumped off the bus while it was moving".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Olga said, "I laid the table when the children were discussing the matter".
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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EXERCISE 250 REPORTED SPEECH (REQUEST)
Chance the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" on the list below.
ASK (POLITELY) BESEECH
REQUEST IMPLORE
BEG PLEAD WITH
Direct : I said to him, "Close the door, please".
Reported: I asked him politely to close the door.
Direct : The woman said to the general. "Spare my husband's life, please".
Reported: The woman pleaded with the general to spare her husband's life.
1) Hilda said to me, "Please, don't say anything to my teacher".
2) My mother said to Linda, "Please, don't wipe your hands on my clean table-cloth".
3) The professor said to his students, "Please, be punctual at all my lectures".
4) Janet said to me, "Will you please tell me the time?"
5) Richard said to Lisa, "Would you mind telling me a story?"
6) Lara said to me, "Do you mind opening the window?"
7) "Could you please explain this subject once more?" the student said to the teacher.
8) Pamela said to me, "Can you show me the way to the train station, please?"
9) She said to the student. "Please put out your cigarette before entering the library".
10) The woman said to the man, "Could you direct me to the post office, please".
11) Peter said, "Will you please be my best-man at the wedding, Michael?"
12) Muge said to me, "Would you be kind enough to show me the cats?"
13) "Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother, "said the child.
14) Donna said to me, "Would you please keep an eye on my suitcase for a minute?"
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EXERCISE 251 REPORTED SPEECH (MIXED TYPES)
Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" making all the necessary changes.
1) She said to me, "Don't make a lot of noise when you are playing".
2) My son said, "I'll have plenty of time because I don't have to go to school tomorrow".
3) Rita said to me, "Don't worry, I will pay you back on Saturday".
4) He said, "What time will you get up tomorrow morning, Melda?"
5) She said, "The man who was living in this house has sold the car".
6) He said, "I always encourage the audience to laugh before the show begins".
7) The teacher said, "There are a lot of problems in this country".
8) My sister said to me, "Don't turn the lights off, I am studying".
9) Donna said to him, "Do you know where Janet went last night?"
10) Tom said, "Why do you keep staring at me, Janet?"
11) My father said, "Let's go for a walk now. It is not raining any more".
12) Molly said, "I will go crazy if I study English all day".
13) He said, "I am going to finish my homework when I gel up tomorrow".
14) She said to me, "Do you know how to steer a ship?"
15) Chris said, "Why don't we have a tea party next Saturday?"
16) My sister said, "If I had enough money, I would buy a new car".
17) She said, "I wish I could remember his name".
19) She said to me, "If you take the dog for a walk, it won't bark so much".
20) She said, "Put your bag in my room, Peter".
21) I said to her, "You will win the match if you play more carefully".
22) She said to me, "Be careful not to break any of those glasses".
23) She said, "How often do you go to the cinema, Alison?"
24) Diana said to Jack, "Please don't ask me such questions. Do you want me to tell you lies?"
25) George said to Jill, "Do you think this kind of thing will happen again?"
26) I said to the man, "Do you think that the Government will set up a public enquiry?"
27) Betty said to the pilot, "Can you give a clear description of the UFO?"
340
28) The flight attendant said to the passenger. "Fasten your seat belts because we have to make a compulsory
landing".
29) The old man said to them, "Don't go near the house because there is a gas leak".
30) The witness said, "I can identify the men who are guilty".
31) He said, "When I was driving home, I saw Susan".
32) The man said to me, "Have you decided which courses you are going to take?"
33) Mary said to me, "Do you know how long Alice has been playing the piano?"
34) My father said, "The car is in good condition though it needs to be repaired".
35) The boss said to me, "Pay particular attention when you are doing your work".
36) I said to Jane, "I haven’t seen you for ages. What have you been doing since I last saw you?"
37) She said to him, "What do you do when you are sailing against the wind?"
38) My mother said to me, "Do you think that you will be happy if you marry Rose?"
345
EXERCISE 256 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
Rewrite or combine the following sentences using the Conjunctions on the list below.
THOUGH IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT
ALTHOUGH DESPITE THE FACT THAT
Example: Miranda is very happy. She is very poor.
Though Miranda is very poor, she is very happy.
Despite the fact that Miranda is very poor, she is very happy.
1) The weather was very hot. We played tennis for hours.
2) Istanbul is very beautiful. There are a lot of old buildings.
3) We slept very well. The street was very noisy.
4) The holiday started very badly. We had a fantastic time there.
5) He didn't have any money, but he lived in luxury,
6) They were late, but they caught the bus in time.
7) She had good qualifications, but she had trouble finding a job.
8) He seems to be friendly. He is not to be trusted.
9) Yıldız was wet to the skin, but she didn't feel the cold.
10) It was raining, but Selcuk went to the football match.
11) It was a good party. I didn’t enjoy myself.
12) He is stupid, but he does his job very well.
13) The car was very expensive, but it caused a lot of problems.
14) Linda is very intelligent. She failed in the exam.
15) Jane has no education, but she has got a very good job.
16) Stella looks very young, but she has a very mature attitude.
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EXERCISE 257 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
Rewrite the following sentences using the following words below.
IN SPITE OF + NOUN / GERUND / GERUND PHRASE
DESPITE + NOUN / GERUND / GERUND PHRASE
Example : We arrived in time although we got lost on the way.
We arrived in time in spite of getting lost on the way.
Although it rained a lot, we had a picnic.
Despite the much rain, we had a picnic.
1. She worked hard although she was very ill.
2. He won the match despite the fact that he was the youngest competitor.
3. She failed in the examination in spite of the fact that she worked very hard.
4. Despite the fact that he was late, he stopped to buy a sandwich.
5. She refused to take off her coal although the weather was unbearably hoi.
6. Arthur remained very cheerful in spite of the fact that he was very angry.
7. I hope you will come although you are living so far away.
8. Although she was beautiful, she couldn’t get part in the film.
9. Despite the fact that he was strong, he was not able to open the door.
10. Although it cost a lot of money, we bought the house.
11. despite the fact that she is very kind, she is sometimes bad-tempered.
12. She managed to smile in spite of the fact that she was very distressed.
13. He didn't win the election although he was very influential.
14. Although they made a lot of efforts, they couldn't clear away the oil.
15. despite the fact that the traffic was bad, we got to the station on time.
347
EXERCISE 258 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
Put the following sentences into "The Past Simple" and make the necessary changes.
Example: I will turn down the music so that I will not disturb our neighbours.
I turned down the music so that I would not disturb our neighbours.
She always takes an umbrella so that she doesn’t get well.
She always took an umbrella so that she would not get wet.
1) I will write down the address so that 1 will not forget it.
2) He will kill his brother so that he may become king.
3) I will take you to (the) hospital so that you can be examined.
4) My father comes home early so that he can do some shopping.
5) I will stand aside so that the teacher may enter the classroom.
6) I cover my mouth when I sneeze so that I don’t spread germs.
7) I am saving some money so that I can take a vacation next summer.
8) They will go to Antalya by plane so that they will save time.
9) Jane is working very hard so that she may pass the exam.
10) He will take a short cut so that he can gel there in time.
11) I am speaking slowly so that the students can understand me better.
12) The teacher will take the students to the theatre so they may see Hamlet.
13) He will run away so that he will not be sent to prison.
14) She is opening the door quietly so that she will not wake the baby.
15) He wears a false beard so that he will not be recognised.
348
EXERCISE 259 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
Combine the following pairs of sentences with "SO THAT” or "IN ORDER THAT'1 to express a purpose.
Example: Paul will leave the door open. He wants to be able to run away.
Paul will leave the door open so that he will be able to run away.
Paul left the door open, lie wanted to be able to run away.
Paul left the door open in order that he would be able to run away.
I am speaking slowly. I want my students to be able to understand me.
I am speaking slowly so that my students can understand me.
I spoke slowly so that my students could / might understand me
1) Janet wiped all the surfaces. She didn't want to leave any fingerprints.
2) Martha hurried to school. She didn't want to be late.
3) Sharon will go on a diet. She wants to lose weight.
4) Sandra locked the door. She wanted to keep the burglars away.
5) 1 will give them my phone number, 1 want them to contact me.
6) Stella came to Istanbul. She wanted to see the Blue Mosque.
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7) My brother turned off the light. He wanted to sleep.
8) Wendy attended the courses. She wanted to improve her French.
9) I am writing to Sheila. I want her to know what to do.
10) I have bought a new house; I want the children to have more rooms.
11) We stayed in a hotel near the airport. We wanted to catch the early morning flight.
12) We are thinking of moving to the city. We want the children to get to school easily
13) We will take a taxi. We want to be able to arrive there in time.
14) I am going to settle the matter. I hope there will not be any further problems about it.
352
EXERCISE 262 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT
Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structures below.
SO + ADJECTIVE + THAT
Example: Jennifer was tired. She fell asleep during the meeting.
Jennifer was so tired that she fell asleep during the meeting.
1) The play was very good; I wanted to see it again.
2) Alison was very angry. She broke the chair into little pieces.
3) The boy was very intelligent. He soon left the rest of the class behind.
4) We were very busy; we had to put off going on holiday for a month.
5) Eileen was very hungry. She decided to have lunch early.
6) His lecture was very boring. Everybody started sleeping.
7) The film was very sad. It made my wife cry.
8) She was very depressed. There was nothing I could do to cheer her up.
9) The policeman was very unhelpful. 1 couldn't keep my temper under control.
10) His excuse was very ridiculous. 1 took no notice of it.
11) The weather was very cold. The water in the river froze.
12) He was very wet after the storm. He went upstairs to change his clothes.
13) Carmen is a terrible liar. No one ever believes her
14) The exercise was very difficult. I could not do it.
15) The film was very good. We enjoyed it very much.
16) I was overwhelmed. I could not express my feelings.
353
EXERCISE 263 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT
Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structure below.
SUCH + (A / AN + ADJECTIVE) NOUN + THAT
Example: It was a lovely day. We had a picnic on the island.
It was such a lovely day that we had a picnic on the island.
Michael Jackson is an excellent singer. People applaud him for hours.
Michael Jackson is such an excellent singer that people applaud him for hours.
1) It was a very popular concert. We had to queue for tickets for hours.
2) Carol has a very friendly manner. Her friends like her very much.
3) Robert was a very strong sailor. Everybody was frightened of him.
4) It was a very hot day. We decided to go swimming.
5) David is a very careful driver. He has never had any accident.
6) She had a very bad cold. She couldn't go to work.
7) It was very mild weather. We didn’t need coats.
8) It was a very good book. I couldn't put it down.
9) She made an improvement. She was put into another class.
10) He was a very important man. He was elected leader of the opposition party.
11) My friend has a fertile imagination; lie can create all kinds of characters.
12) Helen is a very beautiful girl. Everybody looks at her in admiration.
13) The new teacher had a very strange accent. I couldn’t understand him.
14) Tom talks nonsense. Nobody listens to him any more.
15) I made silly mistakes. The teacher tore up the whole paper.
354
EXERCISE 264 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT
Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structure below.
SO + ADVERB OF MANNER THAT
Example: İdil played the piano very beautifully. We listened to her in admiration.
İdil played the piano so beautifully that we listened to her in admiration.
1) The wind was blowing very strongly. Many people ran to the shelters.
2) My teacher shouted at me very loudly. I began to cry.
3) The man was talking very fast. I could hardly understand him.
4) The woman spoke very softly. I could hardly hear what she said.
5) The speaker was speaking very vaguely. I plunged into reverie.
6) My brother was explaining the subject very funnily. I couldn’t help laughing.
7) It was raining very heavily. We took shelter under a tree.
8) My sister was eating her food very greedily. I decided to order another portion.
9) They were singing the songs very beautifully. We decided to dance.
10) The man was acting very strangely. The child started to run away.
11) My friend was running very fast. I couldn’t catch him.
12) The boy was crying very much. We had to send him out of the hospital.
13) The bus stopped so frequently. We were not able to gel to the station in time.
14) The policeman behaved very rudely. I couldn't keep my temper under control.
355
EXERCISE 265 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT
Answer the following questions using "SO ... THAT" or "SUCH ... THAT". Use the prompts below.
* The fish was very expensive. * Last night I was very tired.
* The teacher explained the lesson very fast. * Sheila inherited a lot of money.
* The programme on TV was very boring. * It was very mild weather.
* The suitcase was very heavy. * Peter worked very hard.
* Diana is a very kind person. * Gilda was very charming.
* Tom had a lot of exciting time in Italy. * It is a very nice day.
* My father shouted at me very loudly. * The boy was sleeping very soundly.
Example: A: Why didn’t you buy the fish?
B: The fish was so expensive that I didn’t buy it.
1. A: Why didn't you want to disturb the baby?
B: ..... ........... ........................... ...... .... .. .. . .... .... .... ... ... .... .... .. .. ... .. ... ...
2. A: Why didn't Sheila want to work any more?
B:... .. .. .... .. ... .... .. .... .... .. .. ... ..... ... .... . .. ......... . .........................................
356
3. A: Why didn't Tom want to come bat'; to Turkey from Italy?
B: .... ..... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .......... ...................... ....................................................... . ... ...
...
4. A: Why did you go straight to bed last night?
B: .......... ...... ...... . ... .... .. ... .. .. ... ... ..... .. .. ........ .. ....... .........
5. A: Why did Peter have a nervous breakdown?
B: ..................................................................... .. ... .... ..... ... ... ..... ... ... . ... .. ..
6. A: Why can't Diana say no to anybody?
B: ...... ......... . .. .. .. ... .. ... ... ... ...... .. ........ .......... ............................... ..... .. ... . .....
7. A: Why should we go for a walk in the fresh air?
B: .... ... ... ........................................................... ... . ... ... .. .............. ......... .
8. A: Why didn’t you take your coat with you?
B: .. .. .. .. .... ... .. .. ... ... .. .. .... ..... ...... .............. .......... ... .. - . - - ... ..... - - ...
...
9. A: Why didn't you understand the teacher?
B: .... ... ... ........................................................... ... . ... ... .. .............. ......... .
10. A: Why weren't you able to carry the suitcase?
B: ............................................ .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ........ ................................... ..... .. ...
11. A: Why did you get angry with your father?
B: ...... ..... .... .... .... ... ............................................... ....... ... .. .... .... ... .... .. ... ... .. ...
12. A: Why did you turn the television off?
B: .............................. .. ...... .. ... .... ... ..................... ....................................................... ... ..
..
13. A: Why did everybody fall in love with Gilda?
B: ..... .... .. ..... ..... .. ........................................... ... .. ... ..... ..... ... .. .... ... .. .. ... ..
358
EXERCISE 267 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT
Complete the following sentences using "SO", "SUCH" or ''SUCH A / AN".
1) The book was . ..... .. .. interesting that I read it again.
2) She was ...... ... .. . beautiful girl that everybody stared at her with admiration.
3) It was .... ... .. hot weather that I sat in the shade of the tree all day.
4) It was... ..... .. .. lovely morning that he decided to walk to work.
5) They are........ intelligent students that they hardly need a teacher.
6) He bought .. ... ........ lot of apples that we will be eating them for weeks.
7) Mr. Brown and his wife were ........pleasant people that we have decided to stay there again next year.
8) The film was ... .. .. .. successful that it ran for two years.
9) The music was .. . ....... .. beautiful that I listened to it for hours.
10) The event was . ... ... .... serious that I will never forget it.
11) The job sounds ... .. ........ . attractive that I am seriously tempted to accept your offer.
12) They are .. .. .. .... good friends that everybody wants to be their friends.
13) He plays basketball ... ... .. . well that he is always chosen for the team.
14) Roger is ..... ............. good student that teachers hold him up as an example.
15) Eileen is......... . .. charming that everybody falls in love with her at first sight.
16) He is ......... .. .. fantastic tennis player that everybody watches him when he plays.
17) They are .............. .. good friends that they are inseparable.
18) I was .............. tired that I couldn't stay awake.
19) He spoke .. ... .. movingly that several women began to weep.
20) He ran with ..... .. ... effortless speed that the others were left far behind.
21) The mountain was ... ... ......... high that we couldn't see the summit.
22) He had..... .. ... lot of questions that I didn't have time to answer them.
23) I was .... ... .. amazed by what I heard that I stood there speechless.
24) It was ............... .. difficult exam that I couldn't finish it.
25) The sea ..... .... ... .. rough that the ship sank almost immediately.
26) They were having ................ .nice time at the party that they didn't want to leave.
27) There were.. .... ........... many people in the queue for tickets that I missed the train.
28) The teacher became .... ... ... .. enraged with the student that he beat him.
29) He is ....... ..... good tennis player that he will win all the matches.
30) Tom talks ... .. .. ..... nonsense that no one listens to him any more.
31) I was .. ... ..... pleased with him that I invited him to supper.
32) It was ................. . cold morning that I put on two heavy pullovers.
33) I have...... ....... ... many friends that I never feel lonely.
34) It was ............. .... warm this afternoon that I didn't wear my jacket.
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35) It was . ........ .. .. easy exam that all the students got it right.
360
EXERCISE 269 NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE)
Change the following questions into "Noun Clauses" as the "Subject of the sentence", making all the necessary
changes. "Noun Clauses" start with a "Question Word".
Noun Clause
Question Word + Statement + Verb + Complement
Example: A: Where did Gilda go last night? Do you know?
B: I am sorry, I don't know. Where Gilda went last night is a secret.
1. A: When will the President come hack to Turkey? Do you know?
B:... ................. .... ..... ............... ... ............. ................... ..... ........... . .... ..... is not certain.
2. A: Why didn't she answer all the questions? Do you know?
B:..... ................................... .. ... ... ................... .. .. ..... ............................. ....... is not obvious.
3. A: Where did the children go? Do you know?
B:.................... ......... .... ......................... ..... ..... .......................... .......................... doesn't interest me.
4. A: How has Cathy become rich? Have you got any idea?
B: ... ........................ .... ... ..... .................... ... ......... ....... .......... is not very important.
5. A: What does your father say? Do you know?
B: ......... .... .... ........................................ ..... ... .. .................. ..... .... has nothing to do with me
6. A: What does your sister do hi her spare time? Do you know?
B:. ........................ ... .. ................................. ... ..... .....................is none of your business.
7. A: What does Patricia love most? Have you got any idea?
B: .... ... ........................ .... ... .... ... ................... ..... .. ... ...are the operas of Mozart.
8. A: What do you really need? Do you know?
B:........................ ..... ... ... .......................... ... ..... ............................. ........... ... .is new car.
9. A: Where is the money coming from? Do you know?
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B: ..... ..... ..... .................................. ..... ..................... ........................ .... ... ...... is a top secret.
10. A: When will the children come home? Have you got any idea?
B:......................... ............... ....................... .... ..... .... ........................... ..doesn't matter.
11. A: Where does the boat leave from? Do you know?
B:. ..... ..... ....................... .. ... ..... .............. .... .. ........ ...... „ . .... .... ......... .. is not known.
12. A: What do you hate most? Do you know?
B: .................. ... ... ........................................... ..... .... ................ ..... ..... ..... is rainy weather.
13. A: Why did Martha get married to Peter? Have you got any idea?
B:....... .... .............. ... ... ......................... ...... .... .................. ..... .... ...... .... is a mystery.
14. A: What did you really want to study? Could you tell me?
B: ............................. ..... .... ... ............... .. ..... ..... .................. ... .... was architecture.
15. A: Whoever caused the accident? Will you please I ell me?
B: ................... .... .... .... ......................... .... .... .. ........ ....... .............. ....was very careless.
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EXERCISE 271 NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE)
Change the following Direct Questions into "Noun Clauses" as the "Object of the sentence", making all the
necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with the conjunctions "IF" or "WHETHER.
Noun Clause
a. I wonder + If/whether + Statement
b. I would like to know + If/whether + Statement
c. Do you know + If/whether If + Statement
Examples: Does the teacher speak Polish?
a. I wonder if / whether the teacher speaks Polish.
b. I would like to know if/whether the teacher speaks Polish.
c. Do you know if / whether the teacher speaks Polish?
1. Does your sister like horror films?
a........ ....... .. ................. .. .............. ................. .................. ................... ............... .... ................
b. .... .............. ............ ................... .............. .............. ................ .... ............... ...............
c. ............................................... ................ ................. ................. ................. ............................... ?
2. Are men and women equal in Turkey?
a. .... .......... .. . ........ .... .... ....... ... .......... ... ......... ..... .......... ..... ........... ..... ...... ...... ... ........
b........ .... .......... ... ............ .. .............. ............... .......... ... ............. ... ................ .. ..... .
c. ............................. .. ............ .. ......... ... .......... .. ............. ................. ........... ............?
3. Is Italian more popular than Spanish?
a. ....... .. .... ........ . ....... ........ ..... ................. .... ............. ... ........ ... .................. ... ......... ...
b. ............... ............... ....................... .............. ............... .. ................. ............. .................
c. .... .............. ............. ..................... .............. ................. .. ............. ... ........ .... .?
4. Are the students playing table-tennis at school?
a. ............ .. ...... ... .. ... ............ ..... ........ ..... ..... . ..... ........ ... ......... ... .. ............... ....
b. ................................. .................. .. ................ ............... ... ................................ ..... ...............
.... ...........
c. .......... .. .............. ............ ... ............. .. ....... ... ........ ... ............ .... ................
....................... ........?
5. Do people stand up when they hear our national anthem?
a. .. ..... . ... ............... ... ........ . ... ..... ........... ... ........... ... ..... .. ... .................. .. . .......... ...
b. ...... .......... .. .... ............. ............. ... ........ ..... .......... ..... ................ ............. .... . ..... ... ....
c. . .. .............................. ............... .............. ................................................................... ............
..?
6. Did the general order the soldiers to attack the castle?
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a. ...... ............. .. .............. .. ............ .. .. ...... .... ......... ... ............. ... . ...... ... ..............
b........ .............. .................................... .............. .. ............... ........................................................
c. ................. ................. .. ................ .............. ............ ................. ................ .... .............. ... -?
7. Have the sailors been examined by the doctor today?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
8. Did Carol take her children to the circus last night?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
9. Was the wounded man taken to (the) hospital in the morning?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
10. Does your sister want animals to be kept in zoos?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
11. Did Jennifer Lopez win any awards?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
12. Will your friend have any chance to practise his English in London?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
13. Was your mother playing the piano when the phone rang?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
14. Will the Members of Parliament discuss death penalty next month?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
15. Are there any horses on the farm?
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a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
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* There is a problem with the car.
* My father will come tomorrow.
* We will get there in time.
* I will go abroad next year.
* She left without saying good bye.
* The escaped prisoned is in Rome.
* Lolita will pass her class.
* Nora killed the man in self defence.
* The house was empty.
* Your sister should tell the truth.
* Your father lost his job.
1) There is a rumour .... ........
2) It is apparent .......................
3) 1 find it strange ....................
4) It is probable ....... .. .... ...
5) It was really astonishing .
6) There is a risk . .........................
7) It worried me a bit........ ..
8) It is important . ... ..... ......
9) It was clear ... .... ...................
10) It appears .....................................
11) It is a pity .......................... ....
12) His a shame ......... .... ......
13) It is curious ......... ...... .............
14) It seems .... ................................
15) There is a chance ... .........
16) It is likely .... ..... ....................
17) Ins doubtful ... ......................
18) It seems clear ..........................
19) It is necessary ...........................
20) It was a mystery ......... .... .
21) There is a likelihood ........
22) It shocked me ............... ....
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EXERCISE 275 NOUN CLAUSES (COMPLEX SUBJECT)
Rewrite the following sentences beginning with "IT" or "THAT".
Example : It was amazing that she eventually left home.
That she eventually left home was amazing.
1. It is absolutely essential that you should contact head office in advance.
That .... ... ........................... .. .. .. .... .............. ... .. .......................... .... .........
2. That you are wrong can easily be proved.
It ........... ... .. ........... .. ... ................. ... ................ .... ......... - .... .......... -
3. It is quite natural that you find this problem difficult.
That ............... ......................... ... ................. ..... ............... ... ................. ..............
4. That the driver couldn't control his car was obvious.
II .......... ..... ... ... ................ . ... ... ... .............. .. ..... .............. ..... ... ....
5. It is rather odd that you cannot remember my name.
That .... ....................... ... .. .. .... ............... ... ..... ... ................ ... ..... ... ....
6. That he would do such a thing seems unlikely.
It _..................... .. .... .. .................... .. ... ... .. ................. .. ... ... .. ............. . ...
7. Il is doubtful whether we will get there in time.
That ........................... .... ... .................... .... .. .................... .... .... ......................
8. That my father will take a vacation is probable.
It .... ... ..... ... ... . ............... .... ..... ... ...................... .. .. ... ................... .... .... ... .
9. It appeared odd that no one answered the bell.
That.... ........................... ... .... ....................... ... .... ......................... .... .. .....................
10. That the student should solve the problem by himself is important.
It................. .. .... .. ....................... ... ... ...... ............... . .... .... ........................... ... ...
11. It is necessary that your sister should tell the truth.
That ................. ... ..... .... .................... ..... .... ...................... .... ............................... .
12. That my father doesn't try to find a good job is strange.
It........ ..... .... .... .................. .... .... .... .................... .... ..... .... ....................... ...... .... .. .
13. It is essential that students should be punished by their parents.
That..... ........................... .. ... ..... ...................... ......... .......................... .... ..... ............
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14. That you should not smoke in the library is imperative.
Il ........... ... .. ... .. ............... ... .... ....... ................ ... ... ... .................. ..... .... ....
15. It is urgently that the police should be notified about these strange people.
That.............. . ... ..... ..... ........................ ... ... ................. ... .. .. ............... ... .
16. That English should be studied before entering university is desirable.
It .......... ..... ... .... .................... ... ..... .................. ..... .. .... ............... .. .. ... ..
17. It is vital that you should undergo an operation pretty soon.
That .... ..... ...................... .... ... ................... .. ... ......................... ..... .... ................
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EXERCISE 280 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
Rewrite the following sentences using the structures below.
BE ABLE + TO DO SOMETHING
MANAGE + TO DO SOMETHING
SUCCEED IN + DOING SOMETHING
Example: a. I was able to do my homework before midnight.
b. I managed to do my homework before midnight.
c. I succeeded in doing my homework before midnight.
1. a. My father was able to get an exit visa before he went abroad.
b. .... .............. .................. ... ..............................................................................
c. ... ... .. .... ... .. .... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... .. .......... ... .......... .... .... ..... ..... ...
2. a. The prisoner was able to jump over the high wall just before the guardians arrived.
b. .. ... ... ... .... ... ..... ........................... .......................... ... ... ... .. .. .. ... ... ... ....
c. . ...... ..... ... ... .... .. ... ... .. ... .... ..... .. ... .... ...................................... ...... .... ........
3. a. Was the driver able to stop at the red light when you signalled to him?
b. ... .... .. ..... ... .. . ..................... ......... ................ ..... ... .. .. ... ... ............. . ?
c. ... .. ... .. ... .... .. .. ... .. .. ...... .. .................................... .. .. .. .. ... . ?
4. a. The firemen were not able to put the fire on within half an hour.
b. ............. ........... .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. ... .... ..... . .... .... ...................... ... .... .......
c. ..... ... . .. .. ........................ ..................... ........ ....
5. a. Was the mechanic able to repair the car in a very short time?
b. ... .... .. . .................. .... .......................................... ..... .... ... .. .. .. .... .. .... . ... .. ?
c. ... .... ... ... .... ... ..... ... . ..................... ............... .... ..... .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .....
?
6. a. The man was not able to save the drowning boy.
b. ............... .......... .... .. .. ... .. .. .... ... ... .. .. .... . ... .. ........ ................................. ....
c. ........................ ....... .. .... .. .... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... .. .... ... .. .. ....... ...... ...........
7. a. Were you able to reach the top of the mountain before the sun set?
b. ....... ........ .. ... ........ .. ............................................................. .. .....?
c. . ... .. .. .... ... .... .... .. .. .... ... . ..... ... ................. .... ... . ... ?
8. a. Was your sister able to make a speech at the meeting last night?
b. .. .... ..... ..... ... ............ ..................... ....... .. .. .... ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ... .. ?
c. ... ... .. ... ... ... .. ...................................... ... . .... ... ... .... .. ... .. .. ... ?
9. a. The children were not able to find the address of your house.
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b. ........................ ... ..... ... .. ... .... .... ... .. .... ... ... ... . .... ...... ... .
c. . ............................................ ..... .......................... ............ . .. . ... ... .. ... .... .. .. ... .. .. ...
10. a. My parents were able to get to the cinema just before the clock struck seven.
b. ............. ............. ....... . ..... ... ......... . ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .... .. .... ... ....
...
Complete the following sentences with "must" or "mustn't" to express "Obligation", "Necessity" or
"Prohibition" in (he present or future, to give opinions about something or to make an invitation.
Example : You ....................... smoke on the Underground, (prohibition)
You mustn't smoke on the underground.
You ........................ pay your rent on time, (obligation)
You must pay your rent on time.
You.. ....... ..... .. .. play loud music early in the morning. Your neighbours will get angry.
You ....... ... .... .. wear jeans if you are going for an interview tomorrow.
The doctor said to the patient, "You ... ... ... ... stay in bed and you .... ... ... ... eat fatty foods".
You .... ... ... . .... cross (he street when the light is red.
You..... .... ..... - forget to write and thank them for their hospitality.
I............................. gel a pair of new shoes; my old ones are worn out.
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This letter is urgent. It...................... be sent by fax to the States this morning.
I . .... ..... ..... write a cheque for the rent today
You are very careless. You .................... ... be more careful in future.
I don't want anybody to know that. You ...... ............. . tell anyone what 1 told you.
You ...... ... .... .. stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom.
The little girl.. . .. ... .. go home before it gets dark,
Your father is too fat. He ....... ......... ... eat too much bread or drink alcohol.
You.... .... ..... .. talk to everybody politely.
You ........... ..... ..... have a lot of money; otherwise, you can't think of living in Paris.
You . ..... ......... go and see the new Spielberg film. It is wonderful, indeed.
You .... .. ..... .. make too much noise or you will wake the baby.
You .............. .. ....wash lettuce before making a salad.
We ................................. walk on the grass in the park.
You ....... .... .. ..... call a doctor if your flu goes on for longer than a week.
Little children .... .... .. .. .. go to bed late.
You........... ..... ..... borrow people's things without asking them first.
If you go to Cyprus you ... ..... ......... drive on the right side of the road.
You .............................. drive a car if you don't have a driving licence.
You .. . ................ come and visit us whenever you come to Istanbul.
That is a wonderful book. You .................................. really read it.
You...... .. .. .. keep dangerous chemicals in a sate place in your house.
Children ..................... ......... play with sharp knives.
You have failed the test again. You ........................... . be ashamed of yourself.
The people of a country .. .... .... .... obey the law but the law .. ............ ..... .be just.
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EXERCISE 288 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
Make a comment for the following situations using the structures below to express Advice", "Obligation" or
"Criticism".
SHOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
SHOULDN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Example: A: I was poisoned because I ate some poisonous mushrooms by mistake.
B: You shouldn't have eaten those mushrooms.
A: I didn't do my homework, so my teacher got angry with me.
B: You should have done your homework.
1. A: I didn't write down the address, so I have forgotten it.
B: You ___________________________________________________________________
2. A: Helen didn't stand still while she was being photographed.
E: She ___________________________________________________________________
3. A: My father caught a terrible cold, because he went out without a coat.
B :He ___________________________________________________________________
4. A: The room is full of flies, because my mother opened all the windows.
B: She ___________________________________________________________________
5. A: The driver in front slopped suddenly without giving a warning and I drove into the back of his car.
B: The driver ___________________________________________________________________
6. A: My brother lost many opportunities, because he didn't take the exam.
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B: Your brother ___________________________________________________________________
7. A: I am broke now, because 1 spent all my money foolishly.
B: You ___________________________________________________________________
8. A: The teacher shouted at me this morning, because I didn’t wear a tie.
B: You ___________________________________________________________________
9. A: The man treated the animals cruelly, that's why my son started to cry.
B: The man ___________________________________________________________________
10. A: Marisa slipped and broke her ankle, because she was wearing high heeled shoes on the icy pavement.
B: She ___________________________________________________________________
11. A: The policeman gave Fiona a ticket, because she had parked her car in a no-parking zone.
B: Fiona ___________________________________________________________________
12. A: Romeo jumped into The take although he didn't know how to swim.
B: He ___________________________________________________________________
13. A: My father drove the ear after taking four sleeping pills.
B: He ___________________________________________________________________
14. A: My sister is upset because you didn’t write her a letter .
B: I am sorry, I ___________________________________________________________________
13. A: My father was very furious, because the children had not gone to bed in time.
B: The children ___________________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 307 WORD - FORMATION (2)
Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Example: The height of Mount Ararat is approximately 5165 meters, (high)
1. I have been highly impressed by the.. .... ... .... ..... .. of that lady (beautiful)
2. His sudden ........................... ............ in a car accident was a great shock to his family, (die)
3. The door locks itself............................................. it anyone ouches it (automatic)
4. .... ......................... .... is a legal and moral contract between two people, (marry)
5. If he has any .......................with the Mafia, he has to resign immediately, (connect)
6. Failing in the exam was a great.................for my brother, (disappoint)
7. He seemed to be ..................................., but in reality he was only after her money (friend)
8. In his ... .. ... .. .... .. to make himself understood, he spoke too loudly, (anxious)
9. Now that she has got a job, Lora is .. .............. . of her parents, (depend)
10. After the death other parents, Helen was brought up in an ...............(orphan)
11. There is always a ...................... ... of fresh vegetables at this time of the year, (scarce)
12. There is no need to be frightened of the dog. He is quite. . .. ... ... .. ..(harm)
13. We were lucky to get tickets for the first .. ... ..... of the opera, (perform)
14. Have you measured the .... .... ........ ... ... of the well? (deep)
15. Don't show any sign of...... ... ..... .... ... towards your children, (weak)
16. A dictionary can be very .... ....................... when you are learning a foreign language, (use)
17. Hande has got some ..... ....................................problems, I think, (psychology)
18. It was a cold . .. ........... ................. day when we got married, (winter)
19. Nobody can understand the....................................of American people, (mental)
20. I hope I didn’t hurt your .. .... ... ... .. ....when I said that, (feel)
21. I am dying of...... ....... .... ........... ..., mother! (hungry)
22. When will the ... ... ... .. .... .. take place? (marry)
23. They announced their ........... .. ...... ... at the party, (engage)
24. Helena felt a strong ..... ............ ....... .... .. to john. (attract)
25. She is always .......... ................................ dressed, (beautiful)
26. I am very much .............. ...................... to meet you. (please)
27. We had a very. .. ... .. .. .. . holiday, (enjoy)
28. We had great .. .. .. .. .. . in finding anything suitable on the menu, (difficult)
29. As there wasn't enough rain this winter, there may be water ... ............. ..... (short)
30. People who live in big cities suffer from .. ... .. ... .... ..(lonely)
31. .......................................... between the two families was quite obvious, (hostile)
32. I try not to buy ......... .............. food, as it is unhealthy. (freeze)
33. He asked me what my ........... ............................ salary was. (month)
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34. Your father's .. .. ......... .... . of history is rather limited, (know)
35. Take my ... .. .... ... .. ... ... and finish your school before getting married, (advise)
Her...... ......... .... .... is gelling worse and worse. She is afraid to speak to anybody, (shy)
You should read the .. .. .. ,. ......... . before you fill in this form, (explain)
We had better go by train. The car is too .... . ........... ...... for such a long journey, (rely)
They finally reached an........ ..... ......... . on the price of the house, (agree)
She inspired me to be more ............. .............. with my own cooking, (invent)
The people here are very kind and........ .. .... ................ to strangers, (help)
Have you noticed the .. .. ............ .. ... of these two words? (similar)
He is under a lot of... ............... ........ at work, (press)
What caused the ............. .. ...... of the stadium? (destroy)
The government is searching for a ......... ........ .. to the problem, (solve)
In Turkey, general .... ............ ......... are held every five years, (elect)
After the children went back to school, the house was .... ............. ........... quiet, (compare)
.. . ......... .... ... people find it easy to produce new and original ideas, (create)
The audience was/were ......... .. ........... and soon left the theatre, (bore)
Seals are in danger of........... ........... ..(extinct)
The bloodstain on her dress was very ... ............. ... .....(notice)
These strikes are a great..... ................. ...... to the country's economic recovery, (hinder)
The government wants big industries to be run with greater .......... .............. (efficient)
What can we do to reduce the .. .. ............ ....... of the atmosphere? (pollute)
Don't be so. ... ................ ......! You have already eaten enough, (greed)
Millions of people are threatened with... ...... ... . ....... .(starve)
Many of the gases produced by factories are .......... .... ........... to our health, (harm)
Protecting the environment is essential to our . .... .......... ........ (survive)
Many countries must try and control the .. .... ...... .. .. of the pollution, (grow)
Whenever I see Eileen, my heart starts healing......................................(wild)
I need a screwdriver to do the job . (proper)
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I mainly do ..... ... ......... .. work for a living, (clerk)
Has your father done the ... .. ... ? (pilgrim)
He didn't sound very ....... .. ... .when I told him about the trip (enthusiasm)
Paul Gauguin lived in .... .. .... .. .. and discomfort in Paris, (poor)
The storm caused widespread.. . ..... . . in the country side, (destroy)
The soldier was given a gold medal for his . ... in the battle, (brave)
Please give details of your present .... .. ..(occupy)
His first attempt to climb up the mountain ended in ... .... (fail)
The soldier was accused of ... ....... . . .. because he ran away (coward)
Complete the uncompleted words in the following sentences with one of the "Prefixes" on the list below.
in - un - ir - mis - over - ex - im - il - dis - inter - under -
1. I feel.... comfortable when there are animals in the house.
2. It is a very attractive plan but: quite ............practical.
3. The noise coming from the next door was so loud that it was ... bearable.
4. The boss got angry with me; I must have said something ............appropriate.
5. I have been waiting at the bus-stop for a long time, so I am getting........patient.
6. In Turkey, it is .. ... legal to drive when you are drunk.
7. Such appalling ..........competence is virtually .... .heard in this country.
8. Sometimes there is a great deal of....... ..agreement about what a dream means.
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9. There was ...... . sufficient evidence to convict him of the crime.
10. Il is .... possible to find a taxi when it is raining in Istanbul.
11. The Prime Minister said that there were many ..... employed people in Turkey.
12. Juliet knows a lot of Turkish words, but she tends to .... pronounce them.
13. George was very . .... satisfied with the result of the exam.
14. What is done cannot be . .........done.
15. We were surprised by his .. ... polite behaviour.
16. There was nothing .............honest about the deal. I told you fair and square what the terms were.
17. The information we have obtained is ........ accurate.
18. The film was good. The ending was a bit of a . .. appointment, though.
19. The man was .. ... qualified because he had been caught cheating.
20. The .......... understanding has arisen from the wording of the letter.
21. The expedition leader ............estimated the width of the river.
22. I am sure she has not done anything. .... legal.
23. It is a very. ... .efficient way of working. We are wasting both time and money.
24. These statistics are hopelessly .....accurate. 1 have found four mistakes already.
25. While the animals are still .........mature, they do not breed.
26. She never does anything we tell her, she is so ....... responsible.
27. If you get the ..... ..city, it is about an hour quicker than the normal train.
28. The problems of poverty, homelessness and unemployment are all ..... connected.
29. There was an.. .. change of ideas after the lecture which was very informative.
30. The doctor said that the victim had taken a drugs . ... dose.
31. Many people oppose the death penalty because of the possibility of. .......carriages of justice.
32. She is full of.. ... chief and always playing tricks on people.
33. The children got rather .... ..excited when they saw their father.
34- ... all situation is good, despite a few minor problems.
35. Turkey, the primary peace-keeper, is .............burdened.
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EXERCISE 313 WORD - FORMATION (8) (PREFIXES)
Complete each sentence with one of the words on the list below.
1. His friendly attitude.. ... ... .... .. ... ... me into thinking that I could trust him.
2. She was ................................ ... for a while after the accident.
3. They .... ............................... the difficulty of the task.
4. There are many ... . ....................... countries in the world.
5. She became . .. .. . .. ... ... .. after she was turned down for the job.
6. The Sun .... .. ............................. behind the clouds.
7. We .. ... .... ......... . the time it would take to get to the station.
8. Now that she has got a job, Lara is ................................. ..of her parents.
9. If you behave with this sort of .... to your other customers, I don't think you will remain in business long.
10. It is dangerous for an.................. .................. driver to drive a car in the centre of Paris during the rush-hour.
11. His ....... .... ... .. ... death saddened everybody in the own.
12. Helen failed because she was ... . ... ... .... . ... prepared for her test.
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EXERCISE 314 WORD - FORMATION (9) (PREFIXES)
Complete the following sentences by adding the proper "Suffixes" to the words in brackets.
Example : The office records are neat and .. .. ......... ..... . (order)
The office records are neat and orderly.
1. One of the students in the group has applied for Turkish .............. ... .... ...... (citizen)
2. Thanks to ......... .... ... ................ the wars of terrorism know no borders, (globe)
3. These shoes are uncomfortable because the soles have no ...... .... .... ........... (flexible)
4. The President’s ... ............... ... .. from office was marked by a special ceremony (depart)
5. She spoke... .. ............... ... about her experiences as a war correspondent, (emotion)
6. Her face remained quite ......... .. .... so it was impossible to tell what she thought of my news.(emotion)
7. They gave a big............ .. ......... .... to the foundation for the blind, (donate)
8. She had a reputation for his ... ......................... .. ....(generous)
9. There is doubt about the ........................ .. ... of the company's action in dismissing him. (legal)
10. A lot of people prefer.............. ....... ... .... coffee. (milk)
11. It was .. ...... ........... .. ... of you to break that coffee cup. (care)
12. Thank you for your postcard, it was very ... ... ................... of you to send it. (thought)
13. There was a .................... .... ... .... of technical skill, (short)
14. Whal is the most ..... ... .......... .. .... restaurant in Istanbul? (fashion)
15. Arthur is a very......... ................ man; sometimes he talks for twenty minutes without stopping, (talk)
16. It was rather .. ... ..... ............... ...... of him to cry when he did badly in the test, (child)
17. He was presented with a gold watch on his ....................... .... ...(retire)
18. The surgeon performed surgery because the woman needed a heart. ......... .. .. ... . (transplant)
19. She has taken part in several ......... .............. .... .... . of Roman settlements across Europe, (excavate)
20. The cardigan is certainly . ... ... ... ... .. as long as you return it in good condition, (exchange)
21. Her ..... .... ......................... from the list of Oscar nominees put her in a foul mood, (exclude)
22. The prisoner had been kept in .... ................. .... ... for three drays, (isolate)
23. In the past,. ... .... .. ............. depended largely on the position of the stars, (navigate)
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24. Mary always leaves home at eight o'clock but today is an.......... ..... ...., she is going later, (expect)
25. They have just moved into anew. ..... ... ................... (neighbour)
PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM
* A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
* Birds of a feather flock together.
* Charity begins at home.
* Every cloud has a silver lining.
* It never rains but it pours.
* A penny saved is a penny earned.
* Honey catches more flies than vinegar
* No news is good news,
* Honesty is the best policy.
* Variety is the spice of life.
* Better late than never.
* Practice makes perfect.
* Once bitten, twice shy.
* Out of the frying pan, into the fire.
* Spare the rod and spoil the child.
* Two wrongs don't make a right.
* He who hesitates is lost.
* Don't put all your eggs in one basket.
* An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
* He who pays the piper calls the tune.
* Experience is the best teacher.
* It is no use crying over spilled milk.
* Let sleeping dogs lie.
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* Misery loves company.
*Money is the root of all evil.
* Many hands make light work.
* He who laughs last laughs best.
* As the twig is bent, so grows the tree.
* Good fences make good neighbours.
* Never look a gift horse in the mouth.
* Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
* When poverty comes in the door, love flies out of the window.
* You can tell a book from its cover.
* Easier said than done.
* Don't trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.
* Necessity is the mother of invention.
* Two is company, three is a crowd.
* Few can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him drink.
PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM
* You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
* Where there is a will, there is a way.
* Actions speak louder than words.
* A stitch in time saves nine.
* When the cat is away, the mice will play.
* Give a dog a bad name and hang him.
* The early bird catches the worm.
* An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
* Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
* Don't put off for tomorrow what you can do today.
* A friend in need is a friend indeed.
* Blood is thicker than water.
* Don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
* Too many cooks spoil the broth.
* A rolling stone gathers no moss.
* Out of sight, out of mind.
* Still waters run deep.
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* Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
* The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
* A fool and his money are soon parted.
* One swallow doesn't make a summer.
* Nothing ventured, no thing gained.
* First come, first served.
* Two heads are better than one.
* People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.
* When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
* Easy come, easy go.
* Make hay while the sun shines.
* Strike while the iron is hot.
* To err is human, forgive divine.
* All that glitters is not gold.
* A drowning man will catch at a straw.
* Money is a good servant but a bad master.
* Penny wise, pound foolish.
* All one's geese are swans.
* Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
* Jack of all trades, and master of none.
* Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM
* Every cock crows on his own dunghill.
* Coming events cast their shadows before.
* The pen is mightier than a sword.
* Silence is gulden, speech is silver.
* All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
* A trouble shared is a trouble halved.
* East or west home is best.
* Think twice before you say something.
* The roots of education arc bitter but the fruit is .sweet.
* Imagination is more important than knowledge.
* One. who doesn't ask a question remains a fool forever.
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* Laugh, everybody will laugh with you - weep, nobody will weep with you.
* A little can da a lot.
* Words are loaded pistols.
* Bad news travels just.
* After a storm comes a calm.
* A bad workman always blames his tools.
* There is an exception to every rule.
* Do not fear when your enemies criticise you. Beware when they applaud.
* What you really value is what you miss, not what you have.
* When a man is tired of Istanbul, he is tired of life.
* Laughter is the best medicine.
* Beauty is only shin deep.
* You can fool some of the people all of the time, all of the people some of the time, but you cannot fool all of
the people all of the time.
* Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
* Pride conies before a fall.
* Prevention is better than cure.
* One good turn deserves another
* Nothing succeeds like success.
* Better lose the saddle than the horse.
* Talk of the devil and you will see his hoofs.
* Cleanliness is next to godliness.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Infinitive Past Past Participle
abide abode, abided abode, abided
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awaked, awoken
be (am) was been
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be (are) were been
be (is) was been
bear bore borne, born
beat beat beaten
become became become
befall befell befallen
begin began begun
behold beheld beheld
bend bent bent, bended
beseech besought besought
bet bet, betted bet, betted
betake betook betaken
bid bade, bid bidden, bid
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed Wed bled
blend blended, blent blended, blent
bless blessed, blest blessed, blest
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast, broadcasted broadcast, broadcasted
build built built
burn burnt, burned burnt, burned
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
chide chided, chid chided, chid
choose chose chosen
cling clung clung
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
cut cut cut
dare dared, durt dared
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deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelt dwelt
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
[eel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbid forbade, forbad forbidden
Forecast forecast, forecasted forecast, forecasted
foresee foresaw foreseen
foretell foretold foretold
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
freeze froze frozen
get got got, gotten
gild guilded, gilt guilded
give gave given
go went gone
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
hang hanged hanged
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hi I hit
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hold held held
hurt hurl hurt
keep kept kept
kneel kneeled, knelt kneeled, knelt
knit knitted, knit knitted, knit
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
lean leant, leaned leant, leaned
leap leapt, leaped leapt, leaped
learn learnt, learned learnt, learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
lie lay lain
lie lied lied
light lit, lighted lit, lighted
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
melt melted melted, molten
misspell misspelt misspelt
mistake mistook mistaken
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
mow mowed mown, mowed
outrun outran outrun
overcast overcast overcast
overcome overcame overcome
overhear overheard overheard
oversleep overslept overslept
overtake overtook overtaken
overthrow overthrew overthrown
pay paid paid
prove proved proved, proven
put put put
quit. quitted, quit quitted, quit
read read read
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relay relaid relaid
rend rent, rended rent, rended
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
run ran run
saw sawed sawn, sawed
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn, sewed
shake shook shaken
shave shaved shaved, shaven
shine shone shone
shine shined shined
shoot shot shot
show showed shown, showed
shrink shrank, shrunk shrunk, shrunken
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sil sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
smell smell, smelled smelt, smelled
sow sowed sown, sowed
speak spoke spoken
speed sped, speeded spelt, speeded
spell spell, spelled spelt, spelled
spend spent spent
spill spilt, spilled spilt, spilled
spin spun, span spun
spit spat, spit spat, spit
split split split
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spoil spoilt, spoiled spoilt, spoiled
spread spread spread
spring sprang sprung
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
slick stuck stuck
-sung slung stung
strike struck struck
swear swore sworn
sweat sweat, sweated sweat, sweated
sweep swept swept
swell swelled swollen, swelled
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
leach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
undergo underwent undergone
understand understood understood
undertake undertook undertaken
upset upset upset
wake woke, waked woken, waked
wear wore worn
weave wove, weaved woven, weaved
weep wept wept
win won won
wind wound wound
withdraw withdrew withdrew
work worked, wrought worked, wrought
write wrote written
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