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    11-Giant Fields - SouthernZoneMexico

    Uploaded by

    Michelle Navarrete

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Giant Fields of the Southern Zone—Mexico' Abstract Giant oil and gas fields in the southern part ‘of Mexico and out through the Yucatan area are dis- ‘cussed. “South Zone” exploration (as defined by the ex- ploration program of Petroleos Mexicanos) includes pro- duction areas in the Mexican states of Guerrero (southern part), Oaxaca (southern part), Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco, and Veracruz (southern part), and includes some areas offshore Mexico in the Gulf of Mexico. history of exploration and production is highlighted since 1938 (nationalization), and stratigraphy, structure, and accumulation of petroleum of giant fields are described. Fields inthe Isthmus Saline basin which are included here are: Tonala-E! Burro, El Plan, Cinco Presidentes, ‘Magallanes, and Ogarrio. Fields in the Macuspana basin include: Jose Colomo, Chilapilia, and Hormiguero. Sec- tions of the manuscript also discuss the generaities and stratigraphy of the Chiapas-Tabasco Mesozoic Area (in- cluding the Sitio Grande field, Cactus field, and the Anto- nio J. Bermudez complex), and the general stratigraphy and hydrocarbon accumulation of the Campeche Marine Platform, INTRODUCTION ‘This work deals with the giant oil fields of Southern Mex ico, including not only the fields discovered during the period from 1967 to 1977, but also several important fields disco ered prior to that time, The classification used for a giant field js one having an estimated recovery of 100 millions bbl of oil or | Tef of gas ‘The south zone of Mexico, for PEMEX exploration pur- 339 Jose Santiago Acevedo” poses, includes the states of Guerrero (southern part), Oaxaca (southern part), Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Yucatan, Campeche, ‘Tabasco, and Veracruz (southern part, Fig. 1) Hydrocarbon exploration in South zone actually began in 1863 when Father Manuel Gil y Sainz discovered what he called “San Femando Mine” near Tepetitan Town, Tabasco, He sent 10 bbl of oll to New York City for analysis. Later on in 1883, Dr. Simon Sarlat, Governor of Tabasco, drilled a well to 27.4 mon the Sarlat anticline, and in 1886 a small production of light oil was obtained, but was not for commercial exploitation During the first years ofthe 20th Century, foreign companies working in Mexico found commercial production in the Ca- poacan (1905) and San Cristobal fields (1906). Both fields are located in the southern area of Veracruz and are associated with salt domes near Coatzacoalcos City, Early oil production was discovered in southen Veracruz on, the Ixhuatlan structure in 1911, Concepcion structure in 1929, on the Tonala-E Burro in 1928, and El Plan field in 1931, The production was from Miocene and Pliocene sandstones asso- ciated with salt domes. The two most important fields are Tonala-E1 Burro and El Plan, ‘Afier March, 1938, the Mexican national oil company, PE- MEX, began to explore the South zone, This area is divided 'Munasript received, June 11, 1979; acceped fr publication, August 7 119 "Petroleos Menicanos, Costeacoalcs, Vera, Mevico Copyright© 198Dby The American Asociation of Petroleum Geologist See copyight tatemert nthe fromt of the Book. Article Mdentifcation Nurab (065-75 107M030-0017'803, 000, 340 Jose Santiago INDEX MAP MEXICO (SOUTHERN ZONE) QUINTANA ROO FIG. 1—Location map of southem zone, Mexico, ‘geologically into the Isthmus Saline basin, Macuspana basin, ‘Comalealco basin, and the new Chiapas-Tabaseo Mesozoic area. This area was explored during the ensuing years, and in 1976, oil production from dolomitic breccias of early Pa- leocene age was discovered offshore in the Campeche Plat: form, Giant field descriptions in this study are from west toeast, finishing with the Chiapas-Tabasco and the offshore field (Fig. 2. GIANT FIELDS OF ISTHMUS SALINE BASIN Because of shallow salt deposits over the west and south ‘western parts of this basin (Fig. 3) and the associated salt diapirs, it has been called the Saline basin, Until recently, the salt was believed to be present only inthis area; however, new drilling data, surface geology, and geophysical data (mainly re flection seismology) have led to the conclusion that sat is present up to the Yucatan Platform in the east, the Chiapas ‘Massif tothe south, and offshore into the Gulf of Mexico to the north (Fig. 4). The total area ofthe Saline basin of southeast ‘ern Mexico is about 6,000 sq km. The age ofthe salt is ‘Triassic-Surassic (pre-Kimmeridgian). n different parts of the Saline basin, salt beds with thickness ranging from 1 to 1,200 ‘m thick are emplaced within Lower Tertiary, Cretaceous, and Jurassic sediments. Most ofthese salt beds are the result of mi- gration along faults and fractures; others are produet of salt dis- solution, The largest oil fields produce from Tertiary sandstones asso- ciated with salt domes in the central part of the Macuspana ba- sin. The most productive gas fields also are found in Tertiary Southern Zone, Mexico ‘SALINA DEL ISTMO ‘CAMPECHE PLATFORM D MACUSPANA INDEX MAP Producing Fields Giant Field Areas PRODUCING GEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF MEXICO (SOUTHERN ZONE) FIG, 2—Productive geologic provinces ofthe southern zone, Mexico. 344 342 Jose Santiago ‘COATZACOALCOS COATZACOALCOS - VELLAHERMOSA HiGeWaY MINATITLAN SEALE Ho Jann FIG, 3Giant Fields of the Saline basin of southeastern Mexico, sandstones in the eastern part of the basin; however the gas is (rapped in antictines, ‘Tonala. EL v0 Field ‘Tonala-El Burro (Fig. 5) is located in the Gulf Coastal Plain, and was discovered in 1928 on the eastern flank of a salt dome, Sratgraphy Wells inthe field have penetrated Triassie-Jurassic (anhydrite-salt) section. Erosion has removed the Cretaceous and Paleocene. The Tertiary section thickens on the flanks of the dome and some wells have not penetrated the Eocene. The ‘most common section encountered in the Tonala-El Burvo field is recent, Miocene, and Oligocene deposits (Fig. 6). Structural Geology ‘The structural geology of the field is an elliptical salt dome 8 km long by 7 km wide, and associated normal faults trend pre- dominantly northeast to southwest (Figs. 7, 8), The fault blocks are present over the flanks of the dome and act as hy: ROI02H 8 “DLL U7 Souyyotos tisoasa VINA VT aad OWA TA~VIVNOL 348 Jose Santiago © GIL AND GAS PRODUCER WELL # noprooucenweut © ORILUING WELL FIG. 9—Structure map on the wp ofthe anhydite-saltin the El Pan fied Southern Zone, Mexico © GIL AND Gas PRODUCER WELL no prooucer weLL © pRILLING WELL, FIG. 10—Structure map of te top ofthe Miocene Encanto Formation, El Plan field 350 Jose Santiago EL PLAN FIELD tion through the El Pan FIG, 11 Geologie cross set | © OIL AND GAS PRODUCER WELL & wo prooucen wert © OAILLING WELL SCALE (km) Southern Zone, Mexico 351 352 Jose Santiago @ OL AND GAS PRODUCER WELL # wo prooucen wet © ORILUING WELL FIG. 13—Structure map ofthe top ofthe Encanto Formation, Cinco Presidentes eld. 353 Southern Zone, Mexico splat soueyreSeyy pur sawopisaid n wnoag 401.298 <6019 2H30}02~F1 “DL ounvona ANON Awa ee e D eee Ge © 9 su oa 10 2 we "see on sanviwown S3LN3GIS3¥d OONID Southern Zone, Mexico 355 Sn ue — q ~. ON * ST GEe, AIS on ov © oi ano Gas PRODUCER WELL & wo pRooucerweLt © oRILLING WELL FIG. 16—Structure map of the top ofthe Encanto Formation, Magallanes field 356 Jose Santiago vov'oor = 1 artvos WY¥DVIG TYNOLLY9OT 98e 62 ler yo8D—L1 “OM cusp arvos l€2 622 9 og SENVTTVOVN, 358 Jose Santiago © OIL AND Gas PRODUCER WELL @ no prooucen wet © DRILLING WELL OTATES SCALE (km Li FIG. 19—Structure map of the top of the Ent OGARRIO FIELD Southern Zone, Mexico Zt 359 ‘through Ogarco field FIG, 20—Geologic cross section 360 Jose Santiago A Z| MARINE MACUSPANA C BASIt f any f J Lommergcry | sso mae? SCALE (km) 2 40 FIG. 21—Location map, Macuspans Basin, Menico. 1957 from sandstones of the Encanto Formation (lower Miocene), The initial production was 39 cu m/d of oil from (hree intervals, 1,744 fo 1,758 m:; 1,766 t0 1,769; and 1,787 t0 1,791 m. The total depth is 1,825 m. Stratigraphy ‘The geologic column is similar to that of the Magallanes and Cinco Presidentes fields. The Encanto Formation is the most productive section with a thickness of about 1,200 m. Siructral Geology ‘The structure (Figs. 19, 20) isa southeast to northwest, ‘ending salt dome 11 km long and 5 km wide, The northeast- cer flank dips more than the opposite flank, There isa second- ary uplift over the northwest corner. The piercement salt ‘caused faulting inthe strata and formed two major fault sys tems: one parallel with the direction of the structure and the other transverse to it, One of the main faults dips to the south With an east to west strike and 400 m of vertical displacement, decreasing upward to 200 m. Hydrocarbon Aecumation ‘To date, there have been 406 wells drilled in the field at 200 ‘and 400 m spacing, and 331 have been productive. Atthe end of 1978, 113 million bb! of oil was produced and an estimated 233 million bbl is recoverable by primary means. The oil den- sity is 0.848 at 37°C (35° APH, average porosity of the produe- ing formations is 19%, and permeability is 177 md. MACUSPANA BASIN ‘The Macuspana basin (Fig. 21) is located between the CChiapas-Tabasco Mesozoic fields and the Yucatan Platform (Fig. 21). The basin extends northward and joins the Cam- ppeche Marine Platform. The southern limit of the basin isthe Sierra de Chiapas. Production from this basin is primarily gas e structures inthe central and south parts of the Jose Colomo Field Initial structures were defined (Fig. 22) using gravity data and subsequent seismic work indicated an east to west elonga- ted anticline coinciding with minimum-gravity anomaly. The discovery well, Chilapa I, was completed in 1951 and pro- ‘duced gas and condensed oil from a sandstone in the Amate Superior Formation in the upper Miocene. The total depth was 1,700 m, Initial production was 7,874 cu mid of gas and 40,5 cum/dof oil Stratigraphy The section penetrated by wells in this field includes the Oli- ‘gocene, middle Miocene (Amate Inferior), upper Miocene (Amate Superior), Pliocene (Encajonado, Zargazal, and Belem formations), and recent (Fig. 23). The two productive forma- tions, Amate Superior and Amate Inferior, average 800 to 1,000 m in thickness. The Amate Superior formation consists Of several thick sandstones such as the “D Sand” which is 300 thick Sirctral Geology The structure is an east co west oriented anticline 7 km long ‘and 3 km wide (Fig. 24). 4 large north-dipping normal fault with $00 m of vertical displacement marks the southern limit of the structure, Most of the Jose Colome field is located on the downthrown block of the fault. Another smaller fault af fects the southeastern flank of the structure and seems to con- trol water levels in both blocks. This fault dips southward and hhas a vertical displacement of about 40 m. sdrocarbon Accumulation Well spacing throughout the field is 500m. OF the 123 wells drilled, 106 are producers. The accumulative gas production {or the field is 2.08 Tef and 25 million bbl of condensate. AV- erage porosity of the productive zones is 18 to 31%, permea- bility is 50 md, and the oil density is 0.761 at 20°C (55° APD. ‘Some (smatl) oil has been produced from the A and C sand- stones of the Amate Superio: in the central part ofthe field, Chilapilla Field CChilapilla field (Pig. 22) is on a westward continuation of @ OIL ANO GAS PRODUCER WELL # nornooucen west © DRILLING WELL N Southern Zone, Mexico 361 SCALE tice) FIG. 22—Structure map of the tp ofthe Amate Superior Formation, Jose Colomo-Cilapila field the structure of the Jose Colom field but with slightly differ- ‘ent structural and accumulation conditions. Chilapilla 1, the discovery well, was completed in 1956 to a total depth of 2,600 m. It produced gas and condensed oil from the “G Sand” of the Amale Inferior (lower Miocene). ‘The oil saturated sandstones of Jose Colomo field are the “A”, °C”, and “D”, but at Chilapilla they are completely in- vaded by saltwater. However, the stratigraphically lower "G” “H”, and “I” sandstones are the producing zones at Chilapilla ‘The main productive zone is about 220 m thick. Stratigraphy ‘The geologic column at Chitapillais the same as Jose Col ‘omo. The main difference is that many of the sandstone units at Chilapilla have a greater shale content than at Jose Colomo Field Siructaral Geoloyy CChilapilla structure is an anticlinal nose cut by a large nor- ‘mal fault with a vertical displacement of $00 to 550m. ydrocorbon Accumulation Of the 59 wells drilled in the field, 53 are producers. The well spacing is 500 m and accumulative gas and condensate production to date is 757 Bef of gas. Itis estimated that an ad ditional | Tef is recoverable. The condensate oil density is 0.763 at 20°C (56° API). The average porosity ofthe produc- ing zone is 18 to 31%, and the average permeability is $0 md Hort iguero Field ‘The Hormiguero structure (Fig. 25) isan east to west anti- cline $ km long and 3 km wide. The discovery well, Hormi- ueco 1, was completed at a total depth of 3,000 m. The well produced from the Amate Superior (upper Miocene) sand- stones and initial produetion was 42,586 cu mld of gas and 14.4 cu mid of condensed oi. Stratigraphy The typical geologic section at Hormiguero field is middle Miocene (Amate Inferior), upper Miocene (Amate Superior), 362 Jose Santiago 960m" ENIGATONADO UBER MATE | SCALE 1: 10,000 x FIG. 23—Typical geologic column of the Macuspana basin, Pliocene (Encajonado and Zargazal) and Recent, The most productive formation is the Amate Superior. Struturl Geology The structure is an east to west anticline and an associated ‘normal fault almost parallel with the major antilinal axis (Fig. 26). The vertical displacement of the fault is 200 to 500 m. The field ison the upper block. ydrocarbon Accumslation Of the 51 wells drilled, 46 were successful for a cumulative production of 450 Bef of gas. An additional recoverable re serve of about I Tef is estimated. The wells are set at 800-m ‘and 400-m spacing in two blocks with 17 wells. The average porosity of the producing zones is 26 and average permeabil- ity is 46 to 56 md, CHIAPAS-TABASCO MESOZOIC AREA This area covers 7,500 sq km and is located between the Is- thmus Saline basin and the Macuspana basin (Fig. 27). Its southern boundary isthe Sierra de Chiapas and its northern Timitis the Gulf Coast, In 1960, oil and gas was discovered in Cretaceous carbonate rocks in the Cerro Nanchital Structure, about 120 km southwest of the Antonio J. Bermudez Complex, Production is from dolomite of Early Cretaceous age; however, because the production in the 7 wells drilled was marginal and refinery localities were not nearby, the wells were temporarily plugged. Because of the success at Cerro Nanchital, additional geolo- gic and seismic work was done on the Gulf Coastal Plain. In 1969, the Jalupe 3 well was drilled 8 km north ofthe Antonio J. Bermudez Complex. This well penetrated Cretaceous sedi- ‘ments and created additional interest in the area. Shortly there- after, based om seismic studies, the Cactus I and the Sitio Grande I wildcats were drilled in the Reforma area. Both wells ‘were oil and gas producers from Upper Cretaceous sediments in the Cactus 1, and middle Cretaceous sediments in the Sitio Grande I. These successes were the first in a series made in the Reforma area, making it the most important productive prov. ince in Mexico. Mesozoic Area—General Middle Cretaceous sediments of this area were deposited from south to north (Fig. 28, i.e, from the south to an imagi- nary line passing north of the Mundo Nuevo structure, south of Sitio Grande structure, and terminating at Agave field). Di- rectly northward isa narrow belt of carbonates containing ru ists of mid-Cretaceous age (platform border environment) North ofthis belt, open-water carbonate sediments (dolomitic limestones and dolomites) were deposited. The dolomites commonly contain clastic fragments derived from the north- west. Along a line from Cardenas on the northwest, Jalupa in the center, and Caparroso on the northeast, a facies change oc- curs abruptly, changing to shaly limestones without dolomite. cH4o CHE! CHI? cHS0.D ° ° . ° SEA LEVEL Eneajonado| Upper A ona . Southern Zone, Mexico 363 4100 4.c:01 . fa SCALE (kim) ° 10 29 tL FIG. 24 Geological eross section through the Jose Colomo-Chilapilafelds. Swagruphy Jurassic —The Jurassic (Fig. 29) ranges in thickness from, 800 to 1,660 m. The lower part (+ 600 m) represents inner platform deposits consisting of pellets, oolites, and bioelastic packestone which are dark gray and partly dolomitized. The packestones alternate with anhydrite and mudstone beds. ‘Abundant ostracods, valves, and other shell fragments are present. The upper part of the Jurassic section (+ $00 m) con- sists of dark brown to light gray argilleceous mudstone Lower Cretaceous —The thickness of the Lower Cretaceous ranges from 200 to 600 m. The Lower Cretaceous conformably overlies the Jurassic and consists of dolomitic limestones and olomites with some bands of dark brown chert ‘Middle Cretaceous —At the Sitio Grande field, the middle ‘Cretaceous ranges in thickness from 70 to 300 m with the thickest section in the southern part ofthe field, The Central partis only 70 m thick because of emergence and erosion. The ‘dominant sediments are dofomites and dolomitic limestones ‘containing dissolution pores 2 cm in diameter. The dolomite and dolomitic limestones alternate with dolomitic breccias which also have solution porosity caves and fractures. Black cher interbeds are present throughout the section, Upper Cretaceous—The description of Upper Cretaceous is based on Sitio Grande field data. The Upper Cretaceous con. sists of three lithologic units equivalent to Agua Nueva Forma- tion (# 140 m), San Felipe Formation (+ 50 10 200 m), and ‘Mendez Formation (:: 2010 200 m) of the North Zone of Pe- troleos Mexicanos (Tampico-Poza-Rica). All three formations ‘were deposited in an open-marine environment. ‘Agua Nueva Formation —This formation tends to pinch out to the south and locally disappear (close to Sitio Grande wells 112, 100, 91, and 93). The stratigraphic sequence consists of alternate white, dark brown, and black crystalline and micro- crystalline limestones, with green interbedded bentonites and gray and black chert bands. Some dolomitic breccias within olomitic limestones are present in the formation. These litho- logic characteristics differ from those of the Agua Nueva For- ‘mation to the north, but because of stratigraphic position the Sitio Grande section is considered a dolomitic member of the lower part of the Agua Nueva. San Felipe Formation—The San Felipe also tends to be thinner in the south. The deposition ofthe San Felipe was in fluenced by the paleomorphology of the Sitio Grande structure ‘and is thicker on the flanks ofthe structure than on the top. On the southeastern edge of the field it lis directly on middle Cre taceous rocks. The San Felipe consists of argillaceous and ben- tonitic limestones of thin stratification, microcrystalline tex: tute, ight gray to dark gray color with thin interbeds of bentonite shale. “Mendez Formation—As with the other two formations the Mendez tends to be thinner in the south and also thins over the top of the Sitio Grande structure. The Mendez conformably ‘overlies the San Felipe Formation; however, argillaceous and, 364 Jose Santiago a it SEA LEVEL 6 A se ° 2% te 2 % Miosene Zargazal Miozene Encajonaco Southern Zone, Mexico SEALEVEL 365 Upaer Miocene 7 ‘Amate SCALE (ka) FIG. 26—Geologie cross section across the Hormigvero field calcareous sediments in the upper Mendez interfinger with the overlying Paleocene breccias. This is believed to be in re- sponse to Laramide tectonic movements. The Mende? is an al- temnate sequence of dark brown, light gray, and dark pray poorly stratified marls. Paleocene —The Paleocene generally is uniform in distribu- tion with thicknesses ranging from 400 m in the northern part ‘of the Chiapas-Tabasco region to 300 m in the southern area. tt Jies in unconformity on the Mendez Formation and consists of Timestone breccias in a mar! matrix with abundant bioclastie fragments including rudists and microfauna of middle Creta- cous origin. The rest of the Paleocene consists of calcareous shale with a few sandstone lenses and some bodies of lenticular breccias as described before. Eocene —The Eocene is a marine sequence of thin caleare- fous shale beds alternating with thin, light gray, fine-grained sand lenses. The average thickness of the Eocene is 800 m, re- duced to 400 m over the southern flank of the region due to a regional unconformity. Oligocene —The Oligocene is a marine section of hard, dark ‘gray shales alternating with thin beds of fine to medium grain, Tight to dark gray sandstones. Maximum thickness is 450 m but an erosional unconformity has removed the upper pattof the section. Pliocene (Paraje Solo Formation) —The Pliocene is in angular unconformity with the Oligocene and/or Eocene de- posits. The maximum thickness of the Pliocene is 3,200 m and ‘consists of greenish-gray and greenish-blue shales, alternating with fine to coarse, light gray sandstones commonly changing to fine to middle grain gravel. There also is present thin, fine ‘grain, calcarious cemented sandstone. These sediments are of inner neritie origin, Sitio Grande Field ‘The Sitio Grande field is located in the Gulf Coastal Plain 25 km north of Sierra de Chiapas (Fig. 30). The discovery well, Sitio Grande 1, was completed in 1972 a5 an oil and gas pro- ducer from a middle Cretaceous carbonate section ata total depth of 4,197 m. Initial production from two intervals was, 274.cu mid of oil and 109,000 cu mid of gas. Oil density is 0.851 at 20°C (35° API). Siratigraphy ‘The stratigraphic column of the Sitio Grande field includes rocks from Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian) to recent age, Sev= ral unconformities are present within the Tertiary and Meso- zoic section. Most notable is the one between Pliocene and ‘mid-Cretaceous where argillaceous sandstones of Paraje Solo Formation lie directly over mid-Cretaceous dolomites. In some places, the unconformities are both angular and parallel. 365 Jose Santiago GULF OF MEXICO aa EES a tora fe comaucatco Cocine roragg za CFs g TITAS SCALE (km) to 20 LEGEND coPANo {Dp TeRTiany prooucen Pema peat FIELDS al TEAPA ‘ PickUcaLco QO Mesozoic prooucer / hs FIELDS FIG, 27—Location map of major producing Fields in the Chiapas-Tabasco Mesoroie Province. Southern Zone, Mexico 367 GULF OF MEXICO FIG, 28 Middle Cretaceous paleogeographic map of the Chiapas-Tabasco Mesozoie Province. 368 Jose Santiago Meters = MIOCENE OLIGOCENE EOCENE sin PALEOCENE ENDEZ SN’ FELIPE [AGUA NUEVA, sin pmeor loms | amewe +H HTN NWA mu LE op ir 1 Hu dui If FIG. 29—Typical geologic column inthe Chiapas-Tabasco Mesozoic Province, Southern Zone, Mexico 369 © OIL AND Gas PRODUCER WELL & No PRoouceR WELL © oRILUNG WELL FIG, 30—Structure map ofthe top of Sitio Grande Field 370 Jose Santiago Southern Zone, Mexico 371 1414 AGNVUD OILIS 372 Jose Santiago @ OIL AND Gas PRODUCER WELL # no prooucen newt © DRILLING WELL SCALE (kn) FIG, 33—Structure map ofthe middle Cretaceous, Cactus-Nispero field 373 Southern Zone, Mexico play smige3 “uondas ss019 a89109—be “DL atata sniova Jose Santiago 374 TT (wy aos Play asadsin-sni9e9 “uoRsss S019 280}035—S¢ “DLL snodavzauo wean, aNaDor Ive "NDOT 1414 OWddSIN-SALOVO Southern Zone, Mexico 375 © DILAND GAS PRODUCER WELL & no ProouceR WeLt © ORILLING WELL FIG. 36—Geologic structure of the top of the Upper Cretaceous, A. J. Bermudez Complex Jose Santiago 376 atduoa zepnuuisg “f-¥ ‘uon99 ss019970]005-—LE “OL SdTaId VIUVINYS GNV NVOVAGNND X@1dWOO Z7qGN Waa f V oyssvane saa |_—— 5 snot snowy 377 Southern Zone, Mexico ‘punureg “xaqdwoo zapmuLisg *¢-¥ “uoss98 ss019 aFo}099—g¢ “OLE be andvoviI0 891 6c! Loi szu ut zo bs 28 aL ada vivnys XI TdWOS ZAGNWAAE fv 378 Jose Santiago SCALE Key p77] PRODUCING LJ staucTURE Sirucar Geology The Sitio Grande structure (Figs. 31, 32) isan elongate dome 10 km long by 6 km wide, trending northwest to south- ceast with closure of 500 m. Two systems of normal faults are associated with the structure. The largest fault strikes east (0 west across the east flank of the dome and dips to the east with ‘a maximum vertical displacement of 600 m, decreasing north- ward to 100m, ydrocarton Accumlation Faulting has divided the structure into blocks with different oil-water levels. Oil-water contact in the middle Cretaceous section varies from 4,300 to 4,030 m below sea level. The pay zone of the dolomites of the Lower and mid-Cretaceous range inthickness from 100 o 150m. There have been 34 wells,

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