ixlrK iy ixfhdack (Permutation and Combinations)

l%udfrdams; wxlkh (Factorial Representation)

l%udfrdams; wxlkh w¾: olajkafka ksÅ, ixLHd ^.Ksk ixLHd& i`oyd muKs' 𝑛 hkq ksÅ, ixLHdjla kï 𝑛
ys l%udfrdams;h hkak 𝑛 isg wjfrdayK ms<sfj,g 1 olajd jk ish¨ ksÅ,j, .=Ks;h hs' 𝑛 ys l%udfrdams;h
𝑛! fyda 𝑛 f,i wxlkh lrkq ,nhs'
tkï" 𝑛! = 𝑛 × (𝑛 − 1) × (𝑛 − 2) × (𝑛 − 3) × … × 3 × 2 × 1 fõ'
WodyrK ( l%udfrdams; 5 hkq" 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120
l%udfrdams; 0 hkak" 𝟎! = 𝟏 f,i w¾: olajd we;' ;j o RK w.hka i`oyd o l%udfrdams;h w¾: fkd±lafõ'

.Ksk uQ,O¾uh (Counting Principle)

hï isoaêhla isÿùfï § fyda isÿ lsßSfï § tys m<uq mshjr 𝑚 wdldrhlg o" fojk mshjr 𝑛 wdldrhlg o"
f;jk mshjr 𝑝 wdldrhlg o isÿ l< yels kï tu isoaêh úh yels fyda isÿ l< yels wdldr .Kk 𝑚 × 𝑛 ×
𝑝 fõ' fuh .Ksk uQ,O¾uh (Counting Principle) f,i ye`Èkafõ'

ixlrK (Permutation)
hï jia;+ka .Kklska" tfia;a ke;skï hï l=,lhl wjhjj,ska lsym
s hla fyda ish,a, u fyda f.k tu wjhj
tlsfkl udre lsÍfuka ms<sfh, l< yels wdldr ixlrK f,i ye`Èkafõ'
WodyrKhla f,i 𝐴 iy 𝐵 wl=re fol ,súh yels wdldr .Kk .ksuq' tajd 𝐴𝐵 f,i;a" 𝐵𝐴 f,i;a wdldr
follg ,súh yel' tkï ixlrK folls'
.Kka lsÍfï uQ,O¾uh wkqj" 𝐴 iy 𝐵 wl=re foflka tlla f;dard .; yels wdldr folls' uq,ska tla wl=rla
,shQ miq b;sß wl=r ,súh yels wdldr tlla muKla ,efí'
tkï" 𝐴 iy 𝐵 wl=re fol ,súh yels ixlrK .Kk = 2 × 1 = 2 fõ'

fuh" wxlkfhka 2P2 f,i olajkq ,efí' tkï" 2P2 = 2

fï wdldrhg" 𝐴, 𝐵 iy 𝐶 wl=re ;=k ,súh yels ixlrK .Kk = 3 × 2 × 1 = 6 fõ'

tkï"

fjkia wjhj follska" fol u .;a úg ,efnk ixlrK .Kk" 2P2 = 2 × 1 = 2 nj o"

fjkia wjhj ;=klska" ;=k u .;a úg ,efnk ixlrK .Kk" 3P3 = 3 × 2 × 1 = 6 nj o"

fjkia wjhj y;rlska" y;r u .;a úg ,efnk ixlrK .Kk" 4P4 = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24 nj o meyeÈ,s
fõ'

tkï" 2P2 = 2! o" 3P3 = 3! o" 4P4 = 4! o fõ'

1
fï wkqj fmdÿfõ .;a úg" fjkia wjhj 𝑛 .Kklska" wjhj 𝑛 .Kk u f.k iEÈh yels ixlrK .Kk
n
Pn = 𝑛! fõ'
m%fïhh

fjkia wjhj 𝑛 .Kklska" wjhj 𝑛 .Kk u f.k iEÈh yels ixlrK .Kk nPn = 𝑛!

m%fïhh
𝑛!
fjkia wjhj 𝑛 .Kklska" wjhj 𝑟 .Kkla f.k iEÈh yels ixlrK .Kk nPr = (𝑛−𝑟)!

𝑛!
n
Pr = (𝑛−𝑟)!

wjhj kej; fhÈh yels f,i we;s ixlrK (Repetition of an Event)

m<uq f;dard .ekSug fhdod .;a wjhjh" wfkl=;a iEu f;dard .ekSul § u fhdod .kafka kï tu wjhjfha
ixlrKh" fhfok jdr .Kfka n,hla ^o¾Ylh& f,i ,efí'

wjhj 𝒏 .Kkla we;s úg" 𝒓 .Kkla wjia:d mj;shs kï" uq`M ixlrK .Kk 𝒏𝒓 fõ'

WodyrK ( odÿ leghla 𝑟 jdrhla Wv ±ófï § wxl ,efnk wdldr i,luq'

m<uq Wv ±ófï § wxl ,efnk wdldr .Kk =6
fojk Wv ±ófï § wxl ,efnk wdldr .Kk =6
f;jk Wv ±ófï § wxl ,efnk wdldr .Kk =6
fuf,i" jrla Wv ±ófï § wxl ,efnk wdldr .Kk 6" fojrla Wv ±ófï § wxl ,efnk wdldr .Kk 62 "
;=ka jrla Wv ±ófï § wxl ,efnk wdldr .Kk 63 wd§ jYfhka 𝑟 jdrhla Wv ±ófï § wxl ,efnk wdldr"
ke;fyd;a ixlrK .Kk 6𝑟 fõ'

tlsfkl iajdh;a; isoaê follska tla isoaêhl ixlrK .Kk 𝑷𝟏 o" wfkla isoaêfha ixlrK .Kk 𝑷𝟐 o
kï" tu isoaê fol u isÿjk ixlrK .Kk 𝑷𝟏 × 𝑷𝟐 fõ'

WodyrK ( bx.%Sis wlaIr ;=kla iy b,lalï y;rla fhdod .ksñka iEÈh yels fkdïur ;yvq .Kk i,ld
n,uq'
wl=re 26ka" wjia:d ;=kl § kej; fhfok f,i wlaIr f;dard .kakd ksid"
m<uq wl=r f;dard .; yels ixlrK .Kk = 26

2
fojk wl=r f;dard .; yels ixlrK .Kk = 26
;=kajk wl=r f;dard .; yels ixlrK .Kk = 26
tksid bx.%Sis wlaIr ;=kla f;dard .; yels ixlrK .Kk = 263
fï wdldrhg u b,lalï 10ka wjia:d y;rl § b,lalï kej; fhfok f,i b,lalï f;dard .kakd ksid"
b,lalï y;r f;dard .; yels ixlrK .Kk 104 fõ'
tksid iEÈh yels uq`M fkdïur ;yvq .Kk = 263 × 103 fõ'

mqkrdj¾;k iys; ixlrK

ixlrK .Kkh lsÍfï § iuyr wjia:dj, § i,lk wjhj l=,lh ;=< iudk wjhj mej;sh yel'
WodyrK ( 𝐴, 𝐵 iy 𝐵 f,i we;s wl=re ;=fkys ixlrK .Kk i,luq' fuys 𝐵 hk wjhjh mqkrdj¾;kh ù
we;'
mqkrdj¾;k iys; l=,lhl ixlrK .Kkh lsÍfï §" tla wjhjhla tla ia:dkhlg tk fia .Kkh l<fyd;a
tlu ixlrKh kej; .Kkh ùula isÿfõ'
by; 𝐴, 𝐵 iy 𝐵 wl=re ;=fkys mqkrdj¾;kh fkdi,ld ixlrK .Kkh l<fyd;a uq`M ixlrK .Kk 6la
f,i ,efí' tkï" 𝑨𝑩𝑩, 𝐴𝐵𝐵, 𝑩𝑨𝑩, 𝑩𝑩𝑨, 𝐵𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐵𝐴 f,i hs' kuq;a i;H jYfhka u tys we;af;a tlsfklg
fjkia ixlrK 3la muKs' wfklajd tu kej; fh§ we;' fuu fodaIh u`.yrjd .ekSu i`oyd ixlrK kS;shla
mj;shs' tkï wjhj 𝑛 iys; l=,lhl" hï wjhjhla 𝑛1 jdrhla mqkrdj¾;kh ù we;akï" wjhj 𝑛 .Kk
fjkia wjhj fia i,ld ,efnk ixlrK .Kk" wjhj fjkia fia i,ld 𝑛1 u`.ska ,efnk ixlrK .Kkska
fn¥ úg ksjerÈ ixlrK .Kk ,efí'
by; 𝐴, 𝐵 iy 𝐵 wl=re ;=fkys mqkrdj¾;kh fkdi,ld ixlrK .Kk = 3!
𝐵 iy 𝐵 fjkia hehs i,ld ixlrK .Kk = 2!
3! 3×2×1
tksid mqkrdj¾;kh ie,lSfuka 𝐴, 𝐵 iy 𝐵 ixlrK .Kk = = =3
2! 2×1

fuu m%;sM,h m%fïhhla f,i olajf;d;a"

fjkia wjhj 𝒏 iys; l=,lhl" iudk wjhj 𝒏𝟏 .Kkla" 𝒏𝟐 .Kkla wd§ f,i 𝒏𝒓 .Kkla mj;shs kï"
𝒏!
,efnk uq`M ixlrK .Kk = 𝒏 !×𝒏 !… 𝒏 ! fõ'
𝟏 𝟐 𝒓

WodyrK 1 ( RATHNAPURA hk jpkfha wl=re ish,a,u f.k iEÈh yels jpk .Kk fidhkak'

RATHNAPURA hk jpkfha wl=re 10ls'

R ys mqkrdj¾; 2" A ys mqkrdj¾; 3"
10! 10×9×8×7×6×5×4×3×2×1
tksid iEÈh yels ixlrK .Kk = 2!×3! = (2×1)(3×2×1)
= 𝟑𝟎𝟐 𝟒𝟎𝟎

3
iSud iys; ixlrK (Permutations with Restrictions)
ixlrK .Kkfha §" hï l=,lhlska wjhj f;dard .ekSfï § yd wjhj ilia lsÍfï § hï iSudjka olakg we;'
tys § tu iSudjkag wkql+,j ixlrK .Kkh lsÍu l< hq;= h'

WodyrK ( msßñ <uhska 5 fofkl= iy .eyeKq <uhska 4 fofkl= nxl=jl jdä lrùfï wjia:d lsym
s hla
.ksuq'

i. lssis`ÿ iSudjla rys; j by; 9 fokd jdä lrúh yels ixlrK .Kk" 9P9 = 9! = 362 880

ii. msßñ <ufhl= iy .eyeKq <ufhl= udrefjka udrejg jk fia jdä lrùfï wjia:dj"

fuys § m<uqj msßñ <ufhl= jdä lr úh hq;= h' th my; wdldrhg fõ'

B G B G B G B G B

jdä lrúh yels l%u .Kk" B G B G B G B G B

5 X 4 X 4 X 3 X 3 X 2 X 2 X 1 X 1

tkï" ixlrK .Kk = 5! × 4! = 2 880

iii. msßñ <uqka tl <`.g;a .eyeKq <uqka tl <`.g;a jk fia jdä lrjk wjia:dj"
fuys § msßñ <uqka 5 fokd tla ldKavhla f,i;a .eyeKq <uhska 4 fokd tla ldKavhla f,i;a ie,l+ úg
ldKav folla mj;shs'
m<uq wdldrh B B B B B G G G G
fojk wdldrh G G G G B B B B B

msßñ <uqka 5 fokd jdä lrúh yels wdldr .Kk" 5P5 = 5!

.eyeKq <uqka 4 fokd jdä lrúh yels wdldr .Kk" 4P4 = 4!

tfia ldKav folla f,i jdä lrúh yels wdldr .Kk" 2P2 = 2!

tksid" .Ksk uQ,O¾uh wkqj" msßñ <uqka tl <`.g;a .eyeKq <uqka tl <`.g;a jk fia jdä lrúh yels
ixlrK .Kk = 5! × 4! × 2! = 5 760

iv. m<uq <uhd msßñ <ufhl= o" wjidk <uhd .eyeKq <ufhl= o jk fia jdä lrjk wjia:dj"

msßñ <uqka 5 fokdf.ka m<uq ia:dkfha <ufhl= jdälrúh yels l%u .Kk }5
.eyeKq <uhska 4 fokdf.ka wjidkhg <ufhl= jdälrúh yels l%u .Kk }4
b;sß ia:dk 7ys b;sß <uqka 7 fokd jdälrúh yels l%u .Kk" 7P7 } 7!

4
 tksid" .Ksk uQ,O¾uh wkqj" m<uq <uhd msßñ <ufhl= o" wjidk <uhd .eyeKq <ufhl= o jk fia jdä
lrúh yels ixlrK .Kk = 5 × 4 × 7! = 100 800

fjkia wjhj tlg isák fia ilia lsÍfï § tfia tlg ;sìh hq;= wjhj tla ldKavhla f,i f.k tu
ldKavh ;=< tu wjhj ilia l< yels wdldr .Kk fidhd" bka miq tfia tlla f,i ie,l+ tu wjhj
ldKavh wfkla wjhj iu`. f.k ilia l< yels wdldr .Kk fidhd" .Ksk uQ,O¾uhg wkqj uq`M ixlrK
.Kk fidhd .kak'

isoaëka tlg fkdjk wjia:d

isoaëka folla tljr isÿ fkdjk wjia:d .Kk" isoaëka fol tljr isÿjk ixlrK .Kk fidhd tu .Kk
ish¨ wjhjj, iSudjla fkdue;s j we;s ixlrK .Kfkka wvq lsÍfuka ,nd .; yel'
WodyrK 1 ( fjkia fmd;a 6lska ksYaÑ; fmd;a folla tl <`. fkdjk fia tl fm<g rdlalhl ;eìh yels
wdldr .Kk i,luq'

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
fuys B2 iy B3 fmd;a fol tl <`. fkdúh hq;= hehs is;uq'
iSudjla fkdue;s j fmd;a 6u f.k iEÈh yels ixlrK .Kk" 6P6 = 6! = 720
B2 iy B3 fmd;a fol tl ldKavhla fia ie,l+ úg tu ldKavh ;=<
tu fmd;a fol ;eìh yels wdldr .Kk" 2P2 = 2! = 2

B2 iy B3 fmd;a fol tla wjhjhla fia ie,l+ úg wjhj 5la jk ksid tu wjhj 5ka iEÈh yels ixlrK
.Kk" 5P5 = 5! = 120

tksid" fmd;a fol tlg ;nd ilia l< yels wdldr .Kk = 2 × 120 = 240

tksid" fmd;a folla tl <`. fkdjk fia tl fm<g rdlalhl ;eìh yels wdldr .Kk"
= 720 − 240 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎

wfkHdakH jYfhka nysIaldr isoaêj, ixlrK

ixlrK .Kk 𝑷𝟏 iy 𝑷𝟐 jYfhka we;s wfkHdakH jYfhka nysIaldr isoaê foll" tu isoaê foflysu
ixlrK .Kk 𝑷𝟏 + 𝑷𝟐 fõ'

WodyrK ( 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 wl=re 4ka wl=re 3la fyda 4la f.k iEÈh yels ixlrK .Kk i,luq'
fuys §" wl=re 3la iy 4la f.k iEÈh yels wdldrj,g fmdÿ w.hka ke;' tksid tu isoaê fol wfkHdakH
jYfhka nysIaldr fõ'
4!
wl=re 4lska wl=re 3la f.k iEÈh yels wdldr .Kk" 4P3 = (4−3)! = 24

wl=re 4lska wl=re 4u f.k iEÈh yels wdldr .Kk" 4P4 = 4! = 24

tksid" 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 wl=re 4ka wl=re 3la fyda 4la f.k iEÈh yels ixlrK .Kk = 24 + 24 = 𝟒𝟖

5
jD;a;dldr ixlrK (Circular Permutations)
f¾Çh wdldrhg wjhj ilia lsÍfï § ixlrKhg wdrïNhla iy wjidkhla we;' ;j o f¾Çh j wjhj ilia
lsrSfï § tu ms<sfh, lsÍï wjhjj, ksrfmalaI msysàu wkqj r`od mj;shs' tfy;a jD;a;dldr ms<f
s h, lsÍïj,
§ tu wjhjj, idfmalaI msysàu wkqj ms<sfh, lsÍï r`od mj;shs'
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸 wjhj y;r jD;a;dldr j ms<sfh, lrkafka kï"
𝐴 isg ,shQ úg 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸 o"
𝐵 isg ,shQ úg 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐴 o"
𝐶 isg ,shQ úg 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐴, 𝐵 o"
𝐷 isg ,shQ úg 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 o"
𝐸 isg ,shQ úg 𝐸, 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 o" f,i ,efí'

𝐴 tla ia:dkhl ;nd b;sß wjhj 4 ilia l< yels wdldr .Kk 4! fõ'
𝐵 tla ia:dkhl ;nd b;sß wjhj 4 ilia l< yels wdldr .Kk 4! fõ'
𝐶 tla ia:dkhl ;nd b;sß wjhj 4 ilia l< yels wdldr .Kk 4! fõ'

fï wdldrhg wjhj 5la we;s úg tajd jD;a;dldr j ms<fs h, l< yels ixlrK .Kk" tu wjhj .Kkg jvd
tlla wvq 4ys l%udfrdams;h nj meyeÈ,s fõ' fuh fmdÿfõ .;a l<" idOdrK j kS;shla f,i my; wdldrhg
±laúh yel'

fjkia wjhj 𝒏 .Kkla jD;a;dldrj ms<sfh, l< yels ixlrK .Kk (𝒏 − 𝟏)! fõ'

jD;a;dldr ms<f
s h, lsÍïj, § tu wjhj jdudjD;a; j fuka u olaIsKdjD;a;j o
ilia l< yel' tys § jdudjD;a; iy olaIsKdjD;a; ixlrKj, meyeÈ,s fjkila
we;s wjia:d fuka u fjkila ke;s wjia:d o olakg ,efí'

𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 wjhj y;r olaIsKdjD;a; j iy jdudjD;a; j ms<sfh, l< úg fjkila

olakg we;'
mn`M 6la jD;a;dldr j kQ,l weñKsh yels wdldr .Kk (6 − 1)! fõ' fuh jdudjD;a; j l< o olaIsKdjD;a;
(6−1)!
j l< o fjkila ke;' tksid mn`M weñKsh yels wdldr .Kk 2
fõ'

WodyrK 1 ( msßñka 6la iy ldka;djka 6la jD;a;dldr fïihl jdälr úh yels wdldr i,luq'
i. iSud lsÍula rys; j jdä úh yels wdldr .Kk = (12 − 1)! = 11! = 𝟑𝟗 𝟗𝟏𝟔 𝟖𝟎𝟎

ii. msßñ fofokla tl <`. fkdjk fia jdäúh yels wdldr .Kk"

fuys § m<uqj ldka;djka 6 fokd jdä úh yels l%u .Kk fidhd .; hq;= h'
m<uqj ldka;djka 6 fokd jdä úh yels wdldr .Kk = (6 − 1)! = 5!
msßñ 6 fokd ldka;djka fofofkl= w;r jk fia jdä úh yels wdldr .Kk = 6!
tksid" msßñ fofokla tl <`. fkdjk fia jdäúh yels wdldr .Kk = 5! × 6! = 𝟖𝟔 𝟒𝟎𝟎

iii. úfYaIs; fofofkl= tl <`. jdä úh hq;= kï"

6
 úfYaIs; fofokd tl <`. jdä úh yels wdldr .Kk = 2!
úfYaIs; fofokd tl ldKavhla fia ie,l+ úg wfkla wh jdä lrúh yels wdldr = 10!
tksid" úfYaIs; fofofkl= tl <`. jk fia ish¨ fokd jdä lrúh yels wdldr = 2! × 10!
= 𝟕 𝟐𝟓𝟕 𝟔𝟎𝟎

ixfhdack (Combination)
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 hk wjhj y;frka folla f;dard .; yels wdldr i,ld ne,Sfï § 𝐴𝐵, 𝐴𝐶, 𝐴𝐷, 𝐵𝐶, 𝐵𝐷 𝐶𝐷 hk wdldr
6 ,efí' 𝐴 iy 𝐵 f;dard .ekSfï § 𝐴𝐵 .;a; o" 𝐵𝐴 .;a; o wjhj fol iudk h' tksid 𝐴𝐵 iy 𝐵𝐴 wdldr
folla f,i fkdi,lhs' fuh ixlrKj,g jvd fjkia h' fuh ixfhdackh f,i ye`Èkafõ' ta wkqj"
ixfhdackh hkq hï lsis l=,lhlska wjhj folla fyda lsysmhla f.k" rgdj fkdi,ld iEÈh yels wdldr
.Kk fõ'
;jÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug my; j.=j wOHhkh lrkak'
wjhj ixfhdackh ixlrK wjhj ixfhdack ixlrK
.Kk .Kk .Kk
𝐴, 𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐴 2 1 2
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐶𝐵, 𝐵𝐴𝐶, 𝐵𝐶𝐴, 𝐶𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐵𝐴 3 1
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, 𝐴𝐵𝐷𝐶, 𝐴𝐶𝐵𝐷, 𝐴𝐶𝐷𝐵, 𝐴𝐷𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐷𝐶𝐵 4 1 24
𝐵𝐴𝐶𝐷, 𝐵𝐴𝐷𝐶, 𝐵𝐶𝐴𝐷, 𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐴, 𝐵𝐷𝐴𝐶, 𝐵𝐷𝐶𝐴
𝐶𝐴𝐵𝐷, 𝐶𝐴𝐷𝐵, 𝐶𝐵𝐴𝐷, 𝐶𝐵𝐷𝐴, 𝐶𝐷𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐷𝐵𝐴
𝐷𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐷𝐴𝐶𝐵, 𝐷𝐵𝐴𝐶, 𝐷𝐵𝐶𝐴, 𝐷𝐶𝐴𝐵, 𝐷𝐶𝐵𝐴

wjhj 𝒏 .Kklska" wjhj 𝒓 .Kkla f.k f.dv k.k ixfhdack .Kk nCr f,i wxlkh lrkq ,efí'
6
fjkia wjhj 6lska 3la f.k iEÈh yels ixfhdack .Kk C3 fõ'
WodyrK 1 ( 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 hk wl=re 3ka wl=re 2 ne.ska f.k iEÈh yels ixfhdack iy ixlrK .Kk i,luq'
ixfhdackh ixfhdackh ;=< we;s ixlrK .Kk ixlrKj, tl;=j
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐴 2
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐵 2
𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐴, 𝐴𝐶 2
3 6

tkï" 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 hk wl=re 3ys ixfhdack .Kk 3ls' tla ixfhdackhla ;=< we;s ixlrK .Kk 2ls' uq`M ixlrK
.Kk 6ls'
WodyrK 2 ( 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 hk wl=re 4ka wl=re 3 ne.ska f.k iEÈh yels ixfhdack iy ixlrK .Kk i,luq'
ixfhdackh ixfhdackh ;=< we;s ixlrK .Kk ixlrKj, tl;=j
𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐶𝐵, 𝐵𝐴𝐶, 𝐵𝐶𝐴, 𝐶𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐵𝐴 6
𝐵𝐶𝐷 𝐵𝐶𝐷, 𝐵𝐷𝐶, 𝐶𝐵𝐷, 𝐶𝐷𝐵, 𝐷𝐵𝐶, 𝐷𝐶𝐵 6
𝐶𝐷𝐴 𝐶𝐷𝐴, 𝐶𝐴𝐷, 𝐷𝐶𝐴, 𝐷𝐴𝐶, 𝐴𝐶𝐷, 𝐴𝐷𝐶 6
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐵, 𝐷𝐵𝐴, 𝐴𝐷𝐵, 𝐴𝐵𝐷, 𝐵𝐷𝐴, 𝐵𝐴𝐷 6
4 24

tkï" 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 hk wl=re 4ys ixfhdack .Kk 4ls' tla ixfhdackhla ;=< we;s ixlrK .Kk 6ls' uq`M
ixlrK .Kk 24ls'
by; WodyrK wkqj my; ks.ukhg t<ôh yels h'
7
 ixfhdack .Kk X ixfhdackh ;=< we;s = ixlrK .Kk
ixlrK .Kk

WodyrK 1 ys
ixfhdack .Kk × 𝟐! = 3P2 = 𝟔
ixfhdack .Kk = 3P 𝟑!
2 = (𝟑−𝟐)!×𝟐! = 𝟑
𝟐!

WodyrK 2 ys
ixfhdack .Kk × 𝟑! = 4P3 = 𝟐𝟒
𝟒!
ixfhdack .Kk = 4P
3 = (𝟒−𝟑)!×𝟑! = 𝟒
𝟑!

ixfhdack .Kk = ixlrK .Kk

ixfhdackh ;=< we;s ixlrK .Kk

fjkia wjhj 𝑛 .Kklska wjhj 𝑟 ne.ska f.k iEÈh yels ixfhdack .Kk" nCr i`oyd idOdrK jYfhka
iQ;%hla ,nd .; yel'
𝑛!
nC
r = (𝑛−𝑟)!×𝑟!

WodyrK .eg`M 1 ( msßñka 6la iy ldka;djka 4la w;=ßka" iudðlhska 5 fofkl=f.ka iukaú; lñgq lShla
iE§ug we;'
i. lsis`ÿ úfYaI;ajhlska f;dr j iEÈh yels lñgq .Kk lSh o@

10 10!
lsis`ÿ úfYaI;ajhlska f;dr j iEÈh yels lñgq .Kk" C5 = (10−5)!×5! = 𝟐𝟓𝟐

ii. tla úfYaIs; msßñfhl= wksjd¾hfhka u lñgqjg we;=<;a úh hq;= kï" iEÈh yels lñgq .Kk"

m<uqj úfYaIs; msßñhd we;=<;a l< yels wdldr .Kk = 1! = 1

9!
b;sß 9 fokdf.ka 4la f;dard .; yels wdldr" 9C4 = (9−4)!×4! = 𝟏𝟐𝟔

iii. msßñka 3 fofkl= iy ldka;djka 2 fofofkl= jk fia we;=<;aj iEÈh yels lñgq .Kk"
6
msßñka 3 fofkl= f;dard .; yels wdldr .Kk = C3
4
ldka;djka 2 fofofkl= f;dard .; yels wdldr .Kk = C2
tksid" msßñka 3 fofkl= iy ldka;djka 2 fofofkl= jk fia we;=<;aj iEÈh yels lñgq .Kk
6
= C3 × 4C2 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎
iv. nyq;rh ldka;djka jk fia ieÈh yels lñgq .Kk"

8
nyq;rh ldka;djka ùug kï wvq ;rfï ldka;djka 3la fyda 5la lñgqjg we;=<;a úh hq;= h'
ldka;djka 3la iy msßñka 2 f;dard .; yels wdldr .Kk = 4C3 × 6C2
ldka;djka 4la iy msßñka 1 f;dard .; yels wdldr .Kk = 4C4 × 6C1
tksid" nyq;rh ldka;djka jk fia ieÈh yels lñgq .Kk = 4C3 × 6C2 + 4C4 × 6C1 = 𝟔𝟔

ieliqu ( ;s,x. foaYm%sh