STD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 3999 mB 9007024 0002197 4Ob mm ICEA P-32-382-1999 SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF INSULATED CABLE ICEA PUBLICATION # P-32-382-1999 April 1999 Fourth Edition © 1999 by INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, Inc.STD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mm 9007024 0002198 342 mm SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF INSULATED CABLE Publication # P-32-382-1999 ist Edition -- 1958 2nd Edition-- 1969 3rd Edition -- 1994 4th Edition-- 1999 Published By INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, Inc. Post Office Box 440 South Yarmouth, Massachusetts 02664, U.S.A. © 1999 Copyrighted by the ICEA Contents may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, INC.STD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 3999 mm 9007014 0002199 289 mm INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION Publication P-32-382 SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS of INSULATED CABLE PREFACE This publication is offered to enable the users of electric cable to determine the operability of cable under short circuit conditions. It may be used in the following ways: 1 To determine the maximum short circuit current permitted for a cable. 2. To determine the cable size necessary to withstand a particular short circuit load. 3. To determine the maximum time a cable may be subjected to a particular short circuit load without damage to the insulation. A formula has been established for short circuit calculations with conductors of copper or aluminum. The insulations, which determine the maximum allowed short circuit temperatures, are described in ICEA Standards. The formula is based on the heat content of the conductor material and the temperature limit of the insulation with the assumption that the time interval is so short that the heat developed during the short circuit is contained in the conductor. At the time this document was originally published there was no standard mathematical method available to calculate heat flow from the conductor through the insulation at the cessesion of the short circuit load. It was necessary to enlist the aid and facilities of member laboratories and Massachusetts Institute of Technology to obtain in cooperation a solution to this problem so that safe temperature limits could be established for the various types of insulation. The solution is still a viable, conservative approach to the calculation of short circuit capacity.STD-ICEA P~32-382-ENGL 1999 mm 9007014 gonz200 820 mm INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, INC. P-32-382 SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF COVERED WIRE & CABLE Introduction. ‘This publication discusses factors for consideration in approximating the operability of insulated and/or covered wire and cable under the influence of uninterrupted short circuit currents encountered as a result of cable or other equipment faults. The duration of such 4 fault is considered to be up to approximately 2 seconds. Calculations for single short circuits of longer durations yield increasingly conservative results. The following items must be considered in order to estimate the short circuit performance of a specific circuit: 1. The magnitude and duration of the fault current including any fault current division due to available conducting paths. 2. The capability of joints, terminations and other accessories in the affected circuit to withstand the thermal and mechanical stresses created by the fault. 3. The interaction between the faulting circuit and surrounding equipment, such as supports, ties and clamps. 4. The capability of the affected cable circuit, as installed, to withstand the electromagnetic forces created during the fault. 5. The maximum temperature that cable components can withstand without incurring damage due to heating caused by fault current flow. 6. Damage to adjacent equipment due to arcing at the site of the fault. 3 For limitations imposed on the short-circuit capacity of the cable by the fault capacity of the cable metallic sheath/shield, see ICEA Publication P-45-482, Short Circuit Characteristics of Metallic Sheaths and Shields on Insulated Cable. ‘An important simplifying assumption in the formula is the adiabatic nature of the heat generated, i.e., the duration of the fault is so short that all the heat developed by the fault current during this time is assumed to be completely contained within the conductor. The amount of heat dissipated from the conductor during continuous, single fault occusrences of relatively short duration is small, A significant amount of heat may be dissipated because of the relatively long Page 1STD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 Mm 5007034 0002203 7b7 mm cooling periods invoived for faults interrupted and reestablished with automatic reclosing of circuit protective devices. A non-adiabatic calculation may be more suitable for these situations and for single, uninterrupted short circuits in excess of 2 seconds requiring close accuracy. Non-adiabatic calculation methods are described in several published works listed in the reference. ‘The formula described in this publication is based on the thermal capacity of the conductor material and the transient temperature limit of the insulation. The quantity of heat contained in the conductor is that created by the fault current and is also a function of the temperature rise in the conductor. The magnitude of the temperature rise is the difference between the limiting transient temperature of the insulation material and the operating temperature of the conductor immediately prior to the initiation of the fault. The limiting transient temperature is that temperature which causes no significant change in any cable component. Scope. Equations have been established for short circuit calculations for conductors made of copper or aluminum. The coverings and insulations, which determine the maximum allowable short circuit temperatures are: paper, varnished cloth and several thermoplastic and thermosetting materials presently appearing in ICEA standards. ‘Temperature limits, considered safe, were established for the various covering and insulation materials. The equations may be used to determi © the maximum short circuit current permitted for a specific conductor and short circuit duration, © the conductor size necessary to carry a specific short circuit current for a given duration. © the maximum duration a specific conductor can carry a specific short circuit current, Results are sufficiently conservative to neglect conductor skin-effect except for very large conductors. Skin-effect can be taken into account by dividing the right hand member of the equations shown by the appropriate conductor AC/DC resistance ratio. Page 2STD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mm 9007014 0002202 bT3 mm REFERENCES: 1 10. lL. The Transient Temperature Rise of Round Wire Shields of Extruded Dielectric Cables Under Short Circuit Conditions, M. A. Martin Jr., A. W. Reczek Jr., IEEE-ICC Open Forum at 57th Meeting, Nov. 17-19, 1975. Optimization of Design of Metallic Shield-Concentric Conductors of Extruded Dielectric Cables Under Fauit Conditions, EPRI EL-3014, Project 1286-2, Final Report 4/83. Optimization of Metallic Shields for Extruded Dielectric Cables Under Fault Conditions, IEEE Paper 86 T&D 339-B. Normal and Short Circuit Operating Characteristics of Metallic Shielded Solid Dielectric Power Cable, M. A. Martin Jr., D. A. Silver, R. G. Lukac, R. Suarez, IEEE Paper 973 495-9. Fault Test on Embedded Copper Wire and Copper Tape Shielded Single Conductor Cables, C. Landinger, L. D. Cronin, IEEE Paper C73-124-5. Buried Power And Telephone Distribution Systems-Analysis of Primary Cable Fault Tests and Evaluation of Experience With Random Separation, EEI Pub. 68-62. The Short Circuit Rating of Thin Metal Tape Cable Shields, AIEE Trans. Vol. 87, pp. 749-758, March 1968. Fault Current Rating of Metallic Cable Screens, T. M. White, S$. E. Philbrick, JICABLE 1987, Paper B6.2. Are Cable Shields Being Damaged During Ground Faults?, P. S. Hamer, B. M. Wood, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Paper PID-86-6. Design of Metallic Shields for Extruded Dielectric Cables, 1984 TEBE 1AS Pulp and Paper Conference, D. A. Silver, M. D. Buckweitz, Paper PPI-84-14. Calculation of Thermally Permissible Short Circuit Currents Taking Into Account Non- Adiabatic Heating Effects, TEC Publication 949-1988. Page 3STD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 M® 90070L4 OOd2203 S37 a Allowable Short Circuit Currents For Insulated Copper Conductors (00 80 SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT~THOUSANDS OF AMPERES 10 8 6 4 2 1 0 2 YO 4/0AWG 250MCM 500STD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mm 9007024 0002204 47b mm mi, 250. 380 500750 8 nt 30 20 30S 100 r T 3 4 A t i 7 f 50 - - 20 10 ara 5 CONDUCTOR - COPPER 2 THERMOPLASTIC INSULATIONS RATED FOR 75°C IMAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION ‘CURVES BASED ON FORMULA: 0.0297 log |T2 + 234) IT, + 234 1 h4 a WHERE: | = SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES ‘A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MILS ‘t= TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT, SECONDS 1, = MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURE - 75°C Ty = MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE - 150°C. 0.5 SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, Thousands of amperes 0.2 0.1 10 8 8 4 2 1 10 20 30 40 AWG emt 260 380 500750. 1000 CONDUCTOR SIZESTD-ICEA P~32-382-ENGL 1559 mM 9007014 OO0e205 302 mm som: 250. 350 100 eo 20 Fos __ f Zt a | Z| | i { LA | ae, 50 F j T f I f | | 20 | | | 10 Le CONDUCTOR - COPPER 2 THERMOSET INSULATIONS RATED FOR 90°C MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION (CURVES BASED ON FORMULA: 1 ait = 0,0297 log [Tz + 234) F A T + 234 were: 05 | = SHORT CIRCUT CURRENT, AMPERES ‘A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MILS 1 = TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT, SECONDS T, = MAXIMUM OPERATING. TEMPERATURE - 90°C Ty = MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT ‘TEMPERATURE - 250°C SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, Thousands of amperes 0.2 10 a 6 4 2.1 110 20 30 410 AWS CONDUCTOR size ““* 250 360 500 750 1000 erties widest woe eB Sue War enSTD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mm 9007034 cogz205 249 mp keh 260350 500759 "500 100 3 8 2 21 10 20 2040 awe { 1 wot Aa Z 50 ~ | | ® 2 3 20 = — S 3 @ 10 3 c o a 3 2 5 & Ee G c CONDUCTOR - COPPER S 2 THERMOSET INSULATIONS. o RATED FOR 105°C Ee MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION 3, S434. 2 5 = Vt = 0.0297 log [2 + 234 + A T + 234 E WnenE: 4 oO os | = SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES x [A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MLS a t= TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT, SECONDS: T= MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURE - 108°C Ta = MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUTT TEMPERATURE - 250°C 0.2 o1 10 a 6 ’ 2 1 «+10 20 30 40 AWG kemi: 250 350 500-750 1000 CONDUCTOR SIZESTD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mM 9007014 O002207 185 mm Allowable Short Circuit Currents For insuioted Aluminum Conductors 100 80) 60 50 40 30 20 SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT—THOUSANDS OF AMPERES ohne aa Heer i ull 10 8 6 4 2 | WO 20 40 4OAWG ‘250MCM 500 1000STD.ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mm 9007024 0002208 OL) mm 100 fF - 3 | 50 - | a } 2 3 20 a € a 3 a 10 3 € 5 g 3 25 - cE a T a & A CONDUCTOR - ALUMINUM S 2 THERMOPLASTIC INSULATIONS 0 RATED FOR 75°C E MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION ow CCURVES BASED ON FORMULA: = 2 3 Lt = 0.0128 log [Tz + 228 be a iT + 228 Ee were: 9 05 |= SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES 3 ‘A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MILS {= TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT, SECONDS Ty = MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURE - 75° T,= MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT 63, TEMPERATURE - 180°C 0.1 0 8 6 # 2 1 10 20 30 40 awa conpuctorsze "=" "=STD-ICEA P~32-382-ENGL 1999 mM 9007024 0002205 T55 mm ; . ; tems 280.380. sco 109 ee pig Miele ! | | 4 t t t - | lect t 50 i LZ] i AS/s\ LL 3 V7, | 2 5 20 a § | o | - > 3 a 10 : 3 ez 5 i 4 3 i « ° 7 { 1 ie | c a T i T ce CONDUCTOR - ALUMINUM S 2 THERMOSET INSULATIONS 5 RATED FOR 90°C [xs | MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION 3 | cies ofa fh T= 2 < ‘ht = 0.0128 log [Tz + 228) 2 a T, + 228 E oe a Oo 0s [= short cncurr cunnenr, Aupenes x= [A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MIS a {= TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT, SECONDS Tye MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURE = 90°C Te MAXIMUM SHORT CRCUT TEMPERATURE 280°C 0.2 0.1 wo 8 8 4 2 1 1 20 30 40 AWG kemi: 250 360 $00 750 1000 CONDUCTOR SIZE wan.coniarassasserSTD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mm 9007024 oo0z230 777 mm 9 a 8 ‘ 24 ot ersp "ca 100 " 1 7 t t Zz i | t 50 ; a Ys a | 3 (| a 7 t € a S @ 10 ZU c 5 8 3 25 = £ 5 3 1 © CONDUCTOR - ALUMINUM 5 2 T THERMOSET INSULATIONS 5 RATED FOR 105°C E MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION a CURVES BASED ON FORMULA: y = oe 0.0128 log [Tz + 228) 3 T, + 228 E WHERE: SF os | = SHORT CRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES x= [A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MLS u {= TIME OF SHORT CRCUTT, SECONDS 1, = MAXIMUM OPERATING TeMeeRaTUne 108°C y= MAXIMUM SHORT CRCUT TEMPERATURE - 250°C 0.2 ot eSSSCS*~<~«iSC‘aSC OW 80 AW kemi; 250 360 500750 1000 CONDUCTOR SIZE erties widest woe