3 U oo NEPA 11 _ Standard for ioe Low-, Medium-, and Pn __High-Expansion Foam : _ 2005 Edition a yl to i (JP > #2).IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA DOCUMENTS Notice and Disclaimer of Liability Concerning the Use of NFPA Documents NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, of which the document contained herein is one, are de veloped through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Insitute. ‘This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness inthe develop- ment of consensus, it does not independently tet, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness ‘of any judgments contained in its codes and standacds, ‘The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance: ‘on this document. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information| published herein, In issuing and making this document available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor isthe NFPA undertaking to perform any duly owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances ‘The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document, [Nor does the NFPA lis, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. ‘Any certification or other statement of compliance withthe requirements ofthis document shall not be attributable to the NEPA and is solely the responsibilty of the cetfier or maker of the statement, Important Notices and Disclaimers continued oi inside back cover(Copyright © 2005, National Fie Protection Association, All Rights Reserved NFPA IL Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam 2005 Edition ‘This edition of NFPA 11, Standard for Low, Medium, and High Expansion Foam, was prepared by the Technical Commitice on Foam and acted on by NFPA at its November Association, Technical Meeting held November 13-17, 200, in Miami Beach, FL. twas istued by the Standards Council on January 14,2005, with an effective date of February 7, 2005, and super= sedes all previous editions. is edition of NFPA 11 was approved as an American National Standard on February 7, 2005. (Origin and Development of NFPA 11 [NFPA committee activity in this field dates from 1921, when the Committee on Manufac- ‘uring Risks and Special Hazards prepared standards on foam as a section of the general ‘Standard on Protection of Fire Hazaris, Incident to the Use of Volatiles in Manufacturing Prose. Subsequently the standards were successively under the jurisdiction of the Committee on ‘Manufacturing Hazards and the Committee on Special Extinguishing Systems, prior to the present committee organization. The present text supersedes the prior editions adopted in 1992, 1926, 1981, 1986, 1942, 1950, 1954, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1978. It also supersedes the 1977 edition of NFPA IIB. ‘The 1983 edition was completely rewritten to include all the material formerly contained in NFPALIB, Standard on Synthetic and Combined Agent Systems. The standard was revised in 1988 and again in 1994 to more clearly state the requirements and to separate mandatory require ‘ments from advisory text. ‘The standard was revised for the 1998 edition to include requirements for foam systems for marine applications and to provide guidance relating to the environmental impact of foam system discharges. ‘The 2002 edition was revised to address mixing of foam concentrates and to clarify require- _ments related to foam concentrate pumps. Requirements for medium-and high-expansion foam systems have been included. ‘The 2005 edition reorganizes the requirements for low, medium, and high-expansion foam to better incorporate the requirements of NFPA 11A..2. ‘LOW, MEDIUM AND HIGH-EXPANSION FOAM. ‘Technical Committee on Foam Christopher P Hanauska, Chair Hughes Associates, Ine, MD [SE] ‘Jean-Pierre Asselin, FireFlex Stems, Inc, Canada (M] WFrank Bateman,” Kidde Fire Fighting, CAM) Gene E. Benzenberg, Alison Control Incorporated, NIM) W.D. Cochran, Verde Environmental, TX (M4) Arthur R. Dooley, Jt, Dooley Tackaberry In Rep National Asodation offre Equip taibutors Robert A. Green, Public Service Electric & Gas Compan, NU Rep, Raison Blectie Institute Randall Hendcksen, ChemCuard, Incorporated, TX (M1) Eldon D. Jackson, The Viking Corporation, MI [3] Rep, National Fire Sprinkler Association ‘Kevin P Kuntz, Mash USA Inc. NJ Te LaVergne, Willams Fire and Hazard Control, TX (M] Joan M. Leeds, Dyne Technologies, MN [IM] Ronald Mahlman, The RJA Group, Ine, CA [SE] Robert C. Merrit, FM Global, MA {I} ‘Rep, FM Global/FM Engineering &e Research Edward C. Norman, Aqueous Foam Technology, In, PATSE] TX (IM) Randall Eberly, US. Coast Guard Headquarters, DC [E] “Alt to K Wale) Mitchell Hubert, Ansul Incorporated /T)co Intemational, wii {Alt 10 K Olson) William E. Janz, GE Global Asset Protection Services, 10) (Alt 10 LA Ravi) George E: Liverick, Undervmiters Laboratories Ine, TRY] (Alt to KW. Zastow) [Richard F Murphy, Cranford, NJ (SE) ‘Member Emeritus) David R. Hague, NFPA Sf Liston, ‘Thiet rpresnts the member. Keith Olson, ‘Tyco Suppresion Systems, WE [M] David W. Owen, Es.onMobil Corporation, VA (U) ‘Rep, American Petroleum Insite Michael F Pierson, CSC Advanced Marine, DG [SE] Fay Purvis, Vector Fire Technology, In. PA (SE) Niall Ramsden, Resource Protection Intemational, England (SE] yan A. Rawls, GE Global Asset Protection Services, MS (1) ‘Rep. GE Global Aset Protection Services ‘Tom Reses, Edwards Manufacturing, OR (M) Gaston “Gus” J. Santee, Integrated Protection Services Ine, CA (IM) ‘Rep, American Fie Sprinkler Assocation Orville M. Sly, Je, Loss Control Associates In. PASE] Howard L Vandersl, Laweion Fire Services, Inc, CA(SE] Klaus Wable, US, Coast Guard, DC [E) Miche! Willams, Ultamar Canada, id, Canada (U) Rep. NFPA Industial Fire Protection Section Kenneth W. Zastrow, Underwriters Laboratories Ine, TERT] Raymond Quenneville, FreFlex Systems, Inc, ‘Canada (M4) (AIL to }.P.Aselin) Joseph L. Scheffey, Hughes Asociates, Inc, MD (SE) ‘Alt -P Hanausta) Donald H. Seaman, CSC Advanced Marine, DC [SE] ‘Alt to MF Pierson) lark D. Shepard, ExxonMobil Corporation, VA[U] {Alt to D-W. Owen) John A. Toney, Dooley Tackaberry, Inc, TX (IM) {Alt to R. Dooley) tthe tie the Commit a alloted onthe final ext ofthis eto. Since that time, ‘changes inthe mebonhip may have ocurred A eyo elasfatons sound atthe bak ofthe document NOTE: Membership ona committee shall notin and of tee conatitue an endorsement ofthe Assocation oF any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Commitee Scope: This Commitee shall have primary responsibility for documents onthe installation, mainte- nance, and we of fam stems for fire protection, inching Foam hose streams. 2008 Eston‘conrENTS ns Contents Ghapter 1 Administration U-5 6.9 AirSupply 11-25 11 Scope SMI 5 6.10 FoamGenerating Apparatus Location =... I-25 12 Purpose «. 11-5 G11 Distibution Systems . 1-25 13 Applicaton - 1-5 6.12. Total Flooding Systems General LA Retroactiviy « ue 5 Information . 11-25 15 Equivalency : “H-5 6.18. Local Application Systems 1 11-28 16 —Unitsand Formulas “1-5 6.14 Foam Application for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 11-28 Guapeer 2 Referenced Publications .. " tee 6.15 Portable Foam-Generating Devices 11-29 21 General - 22. NFPAPublications T- 6 —Ghapter’7_ Specifications and Plans +. 1-29 23 Other Publications... “M-6 71 Approval of Plans 11-29 _ neg 72 Spesiieatons uss Chapter 3 Definitions .. 5 73° Plans .. 1 31 General... nA 6 32 NFPA Official Definitions ww H 6 Chapter 8. Installation Requirements... 41-30 33° General Definitions... i ai yan ceca hinge "1-30 82 Flushing 11-30 Chapter 4 System Components and System A nes ey vn He 8a LowExpansion Sytem Piping 1-30 een : “fg 85. Valves in LowExpansion Systems 11-30 oo Ti 9 86. Hangers, Supports, and Protection for roam Concentrates - Leda ol 44 Concentrate Compattility m0, Hee 45 Foam Proportioning 1-10 a eee taeaeee = 46 Foam Concentrate Pumps 0 47 Piping .. sees M10 Marine Applications 1-31 48 System Types MA 91 Genera... 31 49 Operation and Control of Systems ie ee Sor : a Machine SHE 11-31 “per ofan [ini 93 ‘aed Low tapnsion Foam Stns on 52 Outdoor Fined Roof (Cane) Tanke MA Deck fr Peroleum and Chem Her 58 Quidor OpenTopFosing Root mg 94 Beamon Dees i132 a = a 15 Monitors... 11-82 54 Quidor Covered tera Honing gg Hana Haines a fy ppaeeanen “42987 Hydraulic Calculations 11-33, oe eer Te) 98 Lolation Vales. 11-33 i pee oe et 99. Hangers, Supports, and Protection of 58 Nondiked Spill Ar 1-22 Baer a 58 Nondiked Spill Areas. a 59. Supplementary Protection fog «810. Testingand Inspection 1 1-38 9.11 Foam System Concentrate Storage 11-33 (Ghapter6 Medium and High Eapansion 9.12 Supply Arrangements 11-34 Systems 1-23 913. Piping Matetials m-34 6.1 General Information and Requirement... 1-23 62 Useand Limitations ... 11-23 Chapter 10 Testing and Acceptance 1-34 co aed 11-23 10.1 Inspection and Visual Examination 11-34 G4 Typesof Stems. 11-93 10.2. Flushing after Installation 11-34 65 Systems Protecting One or More 103 Acceptance Tests 11-34 Hazards : : 11-23 104. Pressure Tests. 1. 1-85, 66 Personnel Safety 1-24 105 Operating Tests 11-35 6.7 Operation and Control of Systems U-24 106. Discharge Test... 1.35 68 Foam Concentrate... 11-25 10.7. System Restoration 11-35 2008 Eatonust LOW, MEDIUM, AND HIGH-EXPANSION FOAM. Chapter Il Maintenance 11-35 Annex D_ Tests for the Physical Properties of 11.1 Periodic Inpestion sonceonone 11-85 LowExpansion Foam _ 11-64 112 FoamProducing Equipment 11-36 a . = oe Aaa TRE Amex Foam FreFighting Data Sheet onesne M69 W14 Strainers ........ . 1-36 Annex F Foam Environmental Issues . L-70 11.5. Detection and Actuation Equipment 11-36 11.6 Foam Concentrate Inspection .. 11-36 Annex G Test Method for Marine Fire-Fighting 117. Operatng imirucions and Tuning sv 1-36 Foam Concentrates Protecting A Annex A Explanatory Material. 11-86 annex H_ Foam Concentrate Quality. . 1-76 Annex. Storage Tak Protection Summary... 11-62 Annex Informational References Annex G Medium-and HighExpansion Foam ....... U-64 Index... . 1-81 2008 Editon[REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS 15 NFPA IL Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam 2005 Edition IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for use subjet to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices ‘and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document ‘and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Dis. ‘laimers Concerning NFPA Documents.” They can also be obtained ‘on request from NFPA or viewed at wue.nfpa.org/dislaimers, NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material ‘on the paragraph can be found in Annex A. ‘Changes other than editorial are indicated by a vertical rule beside the paragraph, table, or figure in which the change oc- curred, These niles are inchided a8 an aid to the user in identify ing changes from the previous edition. Where one or mote com- plete paragraphs have been deleted, te deletion is indicated by bullet (#) between the paragraphs that remain A reference in brackets { ] following a section or para- jgraph indicates material that has been extracted from an- other NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the complete tile and edition of the source documents for mandatory extracts are given in Chapter 2nd those for nonmandatory extracts are given in Annex I. Editorial changes to extracted material consist of revising references to an appropriate division in this document of the inclusion of the document number with the division number when the reference is to the original document. Requests for interpretations or revi- sions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical commit. tee responsible for the source document, Information on referenced publications can be found in ‘Chapter 2 and Annex I Chapter 1 Administration 1.1" Scope. 1.1.1 This standard covers the design, installation, operation, testing, and maintenance of low, medium and highexpansion, foam systems for ire protection, L.L.2 It is not the intent of this standard to specify where foam protection is required. 1.2 Purpose. 1.2.1 This standard is intended for the use and guidance of those responsible for designing, installing, testing, inspecting, approving, listing, operating, or maintaining fixed, semifixed, or portable lows, medium, and highexpansion foam fire- ‘extinguishing systems for interior or exterior hazards. 1.22 Nothing in this standard is intended to restrict new technologies of alternative arrangements, provided the level ‘of safety prescribed by the standard is not lowered. 1.3 Application. This standard is not applicable to the follow- ing types of systems: (2) Chemical foams and systems (considered obsolete) (2) Deluge foamater sprinkler or spray systems (See NFPA 16.) (3) Foamewvater closed-head sprinkler systems (Ser NFPA 16.) (A) Combined agent ystems (5) Mobile foam apparatus (See NFPA 1901.) (6) Class foam and systems (See NFPA 1150.) 14 Re 7 The provisions of this standard reflect a con- sensus of what is necessary to provide an acceptable degree of protection from the hazards addressed in this standard at the time the standard was issued. 14.1 Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this stan- dard shall not apply to facilities, equipment, structures, or in- stallations that existed or were approved for construction of installation prior to the effective date of the standard. Where specified, the provisions of this standard shall be retroactive. 1.4.2 In those cases where the authority having jurisdiction, determines that the existing situation presents an unaccept- able degree of risk, the authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to apply retroactively any portions of this standard, deemed appropriate 14.3 ‘The retroactive requirements of this standard shall be permitted to be modified if their application clearly would be {impractical in the judgment of the authority having jurisdic- tion, and only where it is clearly evident that a reasonable degree of safety is provided. 15 Equivalency. Nothing in this standard is intended to pre- vent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, dura bility, and safety over those prescribed by this standard, 1.5.1 Technical documentation shall be submitted to the au- thority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. 1.5.2 Thesystem, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction. 1.6 Units and Formulas. Meic units of measurement in this slandard are in accordance with the modernized metric sjs- tem known as the International System of Units (SI). The liter ‘unit, which is not part of butis recognized by SI is commonly used in international fire protection. Conversion factors for this unit are found in Table 1.6. ‘Table 1.6 Metric Units of Measure Name of Unit Unit Symbol Conversion Factor liter L 1 gal= 3.785 1 liter per minute per L/min-m* sqiare meter cubiedecimeter dm? pascal Pa bar bar ka ‘Note: or adional conversion and information, sce IEEE/ASIM SI 10. Chapter 2 Referenced Publications 2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof lsted in this ‘chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be con- sidered part of the requirements ofthis document. 2008 Ealionted LOW, MEDIUM, AND HIGH-EXPANSION FOAM, 2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. NFPAL3, Standard forthe Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 edition. [NEPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Pie Prote- tion, 2001 edition. NFPA 16, Standard for the Installation of Foam-Wter Sprinkler «and Foa-Water Spray Systems, 2008 edition. NEPA 20, Standard forthe Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Prozction, 2003 edition NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Five Service Mains and Their Apprurtenances, 2002 edition. NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liguids Code, 2003 edition. ‘NFPA 70, National Electrical Cade®, 2005 edition. NFPA 72°, National Pie Alarm Code®, 2002 edition. NFPA 1150, Standard on Foam Chemicals for Fires in Class A Fuels, 2004 edition. NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fie Apparatus, 2003, edition. [NFPA 1961, Standard on Fire Hose, 2002 edition. 2.3 Other Publications, 2.3.1 ANSI Publications. American National Standards Insti- tute, Inc, 11 West 43rd St, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10086. ANSI B1.20.1, Pipe Threads, 1992, ANSI BIG.1, Cast rn Pipe Flanges and Flanged Ftings, 1989. ANSI BI6.3, Malleabe Irom Threaded Fittings, 1992. ANSI B16, Gray on Threaded Fittings, 1992. ANSI BI6.5, Pipe Manges and Flanged Ftings, 1996, ANSI B16.9, Factory Made Wrought Stel Butwelding Fittings, 2001. a(S BIOL, Forged Fins, Sot ling ond Trade ANSTB16.25, Budtwelding Ends, 1992. 23.2 API Publication. American Petroleum Institute, 12201, Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, APL650, Welded Stel Tanks for Oi Storage, 1998. 2.33 ASTM Publications. Amcrican Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19128-2989, ASTM A.53, Standard Specification for Pipe, Stl, Black and HotDipped, ZincCoated, Welded and Seamless, 2001, ASTMA105, Standard Specification for Carbon Stel Forgings for Piping Applications, 2001 ASTM A 106, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Stel Pie for High Temperature Service, 1999, ASTM A 135, Standard Specification for Blectric Resistance Welded Pip, 2001, ASTM A 182, Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy Stel Pipe Flanges, Fonged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High: Temperature Service 2001. ASTMA2I6, Standard Specification for tel Castings, Carbon, ‘Suitable for Fusion Welding for High-Temperature Service, 1998, 2005 Eaton ASTM A 234, Standard Specification for Piping Fiuings of Wrought Carbon Sle! and Alley Steel for Moderate and Elevated Tem peratwres, 2001. ASTM A 812, Standard Specification fr Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Stel Pipes, 2001 ASTM A 395, Standard Specification for Feritic Ductile Iron Pressure Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures, 1999, ASTM A798, Standard Specification for Black and HotDipped, Zine-Coated, (Gatoanized) Welded and Seamless See Pipe for Fire Protection Use, 2000, IEEE/ASTM SI 10, American National Standard for Use of the International Sytem of Units (SI): The Modern Meri Sytem, 2002. 2.3.4 AWS Publication. American Welding Society, 550 NW, LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. AWS D10.9, Standard for the Qualification of Welding Proce. dures and Welders for Piping and Tubing, 1980. 2.3.5 IEEE Publication. Institute of Electrical and Electron- ics Engineers, Three Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997. IEEE 45, Recommended Practice for Electric Installations, 1983. 2.8.6 IMO Publication. International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London SEI 75R. Safety of Life t Sea, SOLAS Regulations 1-2/4.3 and 4.3.5. 2.3.7 UL Publication. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., $83, Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096. UL 162, Standard for Safty Foam Equipment and Liguid Con- ‘entraes, 1994 with revisions through September 8, 1999, Chapter 3. Definitions 3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall Apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam Webster's Collegiate Diationasy, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning. 3.2. NFPA Official Definitions. 3.2.1" Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic- tion, 3.2.2" Authority Having Jurisdiction (AH). An organization, “office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements ‘ofa code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an stallion, ora procedure. 3.2.8 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been at- tached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organiza. tion that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and ‘concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic in- spection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner. 2.4* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a Published by an organization thats acceptable to the author- +havingjurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products for services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of