Professional Documents
Culture Documents
htm
About Me
Codes and Standards, besides being regulations, might also be considered as Design Aids
My Resume
since they provide guidance from experts.
Contact Me
Each country has its own Codes and Standards. On global basis, American National
Cross Country
Standards are the most widely used and compliance with those requirements are accepted
Piping
world over. In India, other than American Standards, British and Indian Standards are also
used for design and selection of Piping Systems.
1 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM
CODES and STANDARDS http://www.svlele.com/piping/code.htm
The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) : These specify the material by
its Chemical and Physical properties. When specific model of manufacture of
the element is not to be specified, then the material can be identified by ANSI
Standards. The most commonly used AISI specifications are :
American National Standard Institute (ANSI) and The American Society for
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) : The American National Standards Institute's
standards used in the design of the Piping Systems are :
1. B31.1 - 2001 - Power Piping: Piping for industrial plants and marine
applications. This code prescribes minimum requirements for the
design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power
and auxiliary service piping systems for electric generation stations,
industrial institutional plants, central and district heating plants.
The code covers boiler external piping for power boilers and high
temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is
generated at a pressure of more than 15 pounds per square inch (PSIG)
or 1 Kg per square centimeters, and high temperature water is generated
at pressures exceeding 160 pounds per square inch (PSIG) or 12.5 Kg
per square centimeters and / or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F.
(120 degrees C.)
2. B31.2 - 1968 - Fuel Gas Piping : This has been withdrawn as a National
Standard and replaced by ANSI/NFPA Z223.1, but B31.2 is still
available from ASME and is a good reference for the design of gas
piping systems (from the meter to the appliance).
2 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM
CODES and STANDARDS http://www.svlele.com/piping/code.htm
Refrigerants
Cryogenic fluids
3 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM
CODES and STANDARDS http://www.svlele.com/piping/code.htm
2. water piping
8. B31.9 - 1996 - Building Services Piping : This Code Section has rules
for the piping in industrial, institutional, commercial and public
buildings, and multi-unit residences, which does not require the range
of sizes, pressures, and temperatures covered in B31.1. This Code
prescribes requirements for the design, materials, fabrication,
installation, inspection, examination and testing of piping systems for
building services. Code includes piping systems in the building or
within the property limits.
4 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM
CODES and STANDARDS http://www.svlele.com/piping/code.htm
Of the above, the most commonly used code is ASME B 31.3. Refineries and
Chemical Plants are designed based on the same. All Power Plants are
designed as per ASME B31.1. Other major ANSI / ASME Standards refereed
for the piping elements are :
1. ANSI B 1.1 - Unified Inch Screw Threads
2. ANSI / ASME B 1.20.1 - Pipe threads for general purposes
3. ANSI / ASME B 16.1 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
4. ANSI / ASME B 16.3 - Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings
5. ANSI / ASME B 16.4 - Cast Iron Threaded Fittings
6. ANSI / ASME B 16.5 - Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
7. ANSI / ASME B 16.9 - Steel Butt Welding Fittings
8. ANSI / ASME B 16.10 - Face to Face and End to End dimensions of
Valves
9. ANSI / ASME B 16.11 - Forged Steel Socket Welding and Threaded
fittings
10. ANSI B 16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges - ring joint, spiral
wound
11. ANSI / ASME B 16.21 - Non Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
12. ANSI / ASME B 16.25 - Butt Welding Ends
13. ANSI / ASME B 16.28 - Short Radius Elbows and Returns
14. ANSI / ASME B 16.34 - Steel Valves, Flanged and butt welding ends
15. ANSI / ASME B 16.42 - Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
- Class 150# and 300#
16. ANSI / ASME B 16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges - NPS - 26" to
60"
17. ANSI / ASME B 18.2 1 and 2 - Square and Hexagonal head Bolts and
Nuts (Inch and mm)
18. ANSI / ASME B 36.10 - Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipes
19. ANSI / ASME B 36.19 - Welded and Seamless Austinitic Stainless
Steel Pipe
In Section II, the materials are listed in the index based on the available forms
such as plates, castings, tubes etc., and also on the numerical index.
The selection of ASTM Specification depends on the manufacturer, form of
material, its mechanical strength and corrosion properties.
The specification number is given an Alphabetical prefix "A" for ferrous and
"B" for non-ferrous materials.
ASTM also specifies standard practice for numbering metal and alloys as
Unified Numbering System.
Unified Numbering System (UNS) establishes 18 series numbers of metals
and alloys. Each UNS number consists of a single letter prefix followed by 5
digits. In most cases the alphabet is suggestive of the family of the metal
5 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM
CODES and STANDARDS http://www.svlele.com/piping/code.htm
identified.
6 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM
CODES and STANDARDS http://www.svlele.com/piping/code.htm
BS 10 : Flanges
BS 806 : Pipes and Fittings for Boilers
BS 916 : Black Bolts, Nuts and Screws
BS 970 : Steel for Forging, Bars, Rods, valve steel, etc.
BS 1212 : Specification for Float Operated Valves
BS 1306 : Copper and Copper alloy pressure piping system
BS 1414 : Gate Valves for Petroleum Industry
BS 1560 : Steel Pipe Flanges
BS 1600 : Dimensions of Steel Pipes
BS 1640 : Butt Welding Fittings
BS 1740 : Wrought Steel screwed pipe fittings
BS 1868 : Steel Check Valves for Petroleum Industry
BS 1873 : Steel Globe and Check Valves for Petroleum Industry
BS 1965 : Butt welding pipe fittings
BS 2080 : Face to Face / End to End dimensions of Valves
BS 2598 : Glass Pipelines and Fittings
BS 3059 : Boiler and Super-heater Tubes
BS 3063 : Dimensions of Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
BS 3381 : Metallic Spiral Wound Gaskets
BS 3600 : Dimensions of Welded and Seamless Pipes and Tubes
BS 3601 : C.S. Pipes and Tubes for pressure purposes at room
temperature
BS 3602 : C.S. Pipes and Tubes for pressure purposes at high
temperature
BS 3603 : C.S. and Alloy Steel Pipes and Tubes for pressure
purposes at low temperature
BS 3604 : Alloy Steel Pipes and Tubes for high temperature
7 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM
CODES and STANDARDS http://www.svlele.com/piping/code.htm
8 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM
CODES and STANDARDS http://www.svlele.com/piping/code.htm
9 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM
CODES and STANDARDS http://www.svlele.com/piping/code.htm
There are certain other international standards, which are also referred in Piping
Industry. These are DIN standards of Germany and JIS standards of Japan. DIN
standards are more popular and equivalent.
Periodic review of the standards by the committee are done and these are revised to
incorporate the modified features based on the research and feedback from industry.
It is, hence, necessary that the latest editions of the codes and standards are referred
for the design.
10 of 10 1/22/2020, 1:02 PM