ESTIMATION DES PARAMETRES POUR DES MODELES
D’EDP EN ECOLOGIE
{ Huguette Laure Wamba, Emilie Peynaud and Jean Jules Tewa }
Abstract
Our work during the preparation of this master’s
thesis is divided in two parts. First, we solved the
direct problem by finding the solution of the non-
linear parabolic reaction-diffusion equation in an
open bounded of R3 . We aim here to show an
existence and uniqueness result of the solution of
this PDE (Partial Differential Equation). This re-
sult was established through the semi-group me-
thod by using the book of [Zheng Songmu, 2004]
. Therefore, we build an approximative solution
to the problem. Then, we numerically compare it
to the exact solution of the PDE. In the second
part of our work, we aim to estimate the parame-
ters D(measures the dispersion rate), r( intrinsic
growth rate) and γ(measures the effect of compe-
tition) of the model using the inverse method. We
used existence, uniqueness and stability results to
estimate the parameter r. Concerning D, r and γ,
they are numerically estimated using the resolu-
tion of the direct problem associated to the Least-
Squares method applied to the TRF(Trust Region
Reflexive) algorithm which used the gradient des-
cent method.
Methods
To solve the direct problem numerically, we used
the finite element method. To get there, we instal-
led the FeNics library which is a software for the
resolution of PDE using the finite element method.
For the time derivative we use the modified Crank-
Nicolson scheme and for the space derivative we
use the finite element method. Then, we used the
Least-Square method to solve the indirect problem
which consist on estimating parameters D, r and
γ. For that, we used the Gradient Descent method
which is an iterative method that requires several
assessments of the approximate solution at each
iteration.
Bibliography
[1] Deng et al. An inverse problem of identifying the
coefficient in a nonlinear parabolic equation. Non-
linear Analysis: Theory, Methods and Applications,
71(12):6212–6221, 2009.
Introduction
What can be the motivation of this work ? We
suppose that we have a lake which has fishes, we
want to know with what rate these fishes move,
grow and compete for the purpose of understan-
ding, explaining and predicting the dynamics of
such a population. The density of this population
can be modeled by a reaction diffusion equation
presented below :
∂u
= D∆u + u(r − γu) (1)
∂t
where u is the density population at time t and
in space location x ∈ Ω. The exchange with out-
side is not favorable and an initial condition is
u0 (x) = u(0, x). How can we estimate such para-
meters ? We also have the root growth system with
can be modeled by an advection-reaction-diffusion
equation. We use equation 1 by adding an advec-
tion term v0 · ∇u. Here u is root density. Which
values to take for (D, v0 , r, γ) to simulate the mo-
del in realistic cases knowing that it is not possible
to measure these parameters ?
Inverse problem
The algorithm is described as follows:
– Set values to parameters.
– Produce a dataset associated with its parame-
ters. In other words, it is the solution of the
direct problem.
– From the dataset, estimate the parameters.
To achieved this, the parameter estimation is
done by minimizing the Least Square functio-
nal by using the Least Square function of the
Scipy.Optimize.leastsq library which is based
on TRF algorithm. We could also used Gauss-
Newton method.
– Compare the estimated parameters to those set.
Perspectives
In our future work, we first plan to better unders-
tand the regularization of Tikhonov and to make a
theoretical study when estimating the three para-
meters. Then, from the numerical point of view, we
University of Yaounde I
Numerical results
We first of all solved the direct problem by finding this results: Firstly, when the data are noise free
the numerical solution of equation 1. And we then we have:
compare it to the exact solution. Here is what we
have
Figure 2 – (a) Generated solution with D = 1, r =
0, 9, γ = 0, 8, (b) calculated solution with estimated
parameters D̂ = 0, 999, r̂ = 0.900, γ̂ = 0.800.
Secondly, when the data are noisy we have:
Figure 1 – (a)-(b) Exact solution and approach solu-
tion computed with D = 1, r = γ = a = 1, C = 10, δt =
0.01, h = 0.0141 à t = 0.7, (c)-(d) Exact solution and
approach solution computed with D = 1, r = γ = a =
1, C = 10, δt = 0.01, h = 0.0141, à t = 9.5. Figure 3 – (a) Generated solution with D = r =
γ = 1, (b) calculated solution with estimated parame-
Where a and C are constants, δt is the time step ters D̂ = 0.999, r̂ = 0.999, γ̂ = 0.999.
and h is the space step. We can see that the nume-
rical solution compared to the exact solution are What we can say is that, we best estimate our pa-
same and difficult to distinguish. rameters. The errors and Least Square residuals
Secondly, we resolved the inverse problem which are very small and the parameters set compared to
consist of estimating parameters. For that we have those estimated are almost similar.
Conclusion
At the end of this work, we solved the direct problem which consist on solving equation 1 by giving
values to parameters, we used the theoretical results (see [1]), when we estimated the parameter r and we
numerically solved the problem. At the end, we numerically solved the problem of parameters estimation
of parameters D, r and γ in noisy and free-noisy cases.
Contact
will compare our method with other methods like Web www.cetic.cm
Bayesian inference. Finally, we will find validation Email lauramakeng@gmail.com
test cases. Whatsapp number +237 691017075