Investigatory

Project on
Chemistry
For the session 2013 -2014

“To detect the presence of

lactic acid in different samples
of curd”

Submitted by :
Neemat naaz
Std - XII
Roll No. – 23678430
Techno Academic Sr Sec
School Lucknow
Sec-6 , CDA, Cuttack
 PREFACE
The investigatory project on chemistry
for the year (2012-13) on the topic
“To detect of presence of lactic acid in different samples of curd”

Submitted by
Neemat naaz
Std-xii
Tecno Academic Sr Sec School
Dasauli kursi road Lucknow

For the fulfillment of terms and condition set by the

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) for ALL
India Senior School Certificate Examination
(AISSCE) 2019- 20
Project supervisor
Mr. rajesh
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled ‘‘
TO DETECT THE PRESCENCE OF LACTIC
ACID IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF CURD”
by UPASANA SAHOO is in accordance to
the topic allotted to him. This project is
submitted for the fulfillment of terms and
conditions of CBSE for ALL INDIA senior
secondary certificate examination (AISSCE)
2013-14. It embodies the original work
done by him under the supervision and
guidance of
Mr. Rajesh sir
Signature of student signature of teacher
 ACKNOWELEDGEMENT

I express my deep sense of

gratitude to my teacher Mr. Rajesh Sir,
teacher of chemistry , Techno Academic Sr
Sec School, for his constant
encouragement , valuable guidance and
inspiration without which the project could
not have been successful.
I am grateful to my parents, who
provided their valuable suggestion for
completion of this project and encouraging
me throughout the tenure of this project.
 NEEMAT NAAZ

TECHNO ACADEMIC SR SEC

SCHOOL

DECLARATION

I, NEEMAT NAAZ of Std-XII of TECHNO ACADEMIC

SR SEC SCHOOL, do hereby declare that , this project
entitled

“TO DETECT THE PRESCENCE OF LACTIC ACID IN

DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF CURD”

Submitted for the Chemistry Practical Paper for All India Senior School

Certificate Examination (AISSCE) , 2019-20 consists of original work

done by me under the supervision and guidance of my chemistry

teacher.
TECHNO ACADEMIC SR SEC SCHOOL NEEMAT NAAZ

Std- XII , Science

 AIM OF THE PROJECT

“ To detect the presence of

lactic acid in different samples
of curd”
 Reagents and apparatus

Reagents

1. Different samples of curd

2. Sodium carbonate solution
3. Ferric chloride solution
4. Sodium hydroxide solution
5. Phenol
6. Test tube
7. Test tube stand
8. Glass rod
9. Beaker
10. Spatula
 PRINCIPLE INVOLVED
LACTIC ACID present in the curd is obtained by
fermentation of milk by bacteria “LACTIC BACILI”.
C12 𝐻22 𝑂11 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 4[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻(𝑂𝐻 )𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]
As LACTIC ACID contains-COOH group and alcoholic
group the tests which are characteristics of these
groups such as-
 CARBONATE TEST shows the presence of –COOH
group.
 FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST by formation of coloured
complex.
 Change of violet colour of phenol with ferric
chloride to yellow on adding is due to the
replacement of phenol from ferric complex.
 It gives IODOFORM TEST showing the presence of
secondary alcoholic group which is bonded to
methyl group.
 PROCEDURE:-
The following tests are performed with COW’S MILK CURD .

CARBONATE TEST OBSERVATIO INFERENCE

N

2ml of Na2 CO3 Effervescence -COOH group is

solution is added to 2 volved due to present
ml of curd formation of
CO2

FERRIC OBSERVATION INTERFERENCE

CHLORIDE
SOLUTION
2 drops of FeCl3 is The curd solu- -OH group is
added to 2 test tion turns yellow present
tubes , ne with 2 while water
ml of curd and remains
other with water. colourless.

IODOFORM TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Strong iodine Yellow Secondary
followed by crustalline pp. of alcoholic group
NaOH is added to iodoform is is present.
2 of curd formed.
solution.
PROCEDURE:-
The following tests are performed with GOAT’S MILK.
GOAT’S MILK CURD.
CARBONATE OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST
2 ml of Na2 CO3 Effervsence is -COOH group is
n
sol is added to 2 observed due to present.
ml of curd. formation of CO2 .

FERRIC OBSERVATION INFERENCE

CHLORIDE
SOLUTION
2 drops of ferric The curd solution -OH group is
chloride is added turns yellow while present.
to 2 test tubes , one water remains
with 2 ml of curd colourless.
and other with
water.

IODOFORM TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Strong iodine Yellow crystalline Secondary
followed by NaOH ppt. of iodine is alcoholic group
is added to 2 ml of formed. present.
curd solution
PROCEDURE :
The following procedures are performed with SOYA BEAN’S
MILK CURD.
CARBONATE TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE
2 ml of Na2 CO3 effervescence is -COOH group is
solution is added to observed due present.
2 ml of curd. formation of CO2 .

FERRIC OBSERVATION INFERENCE

CHLORIDE
SOLUTION
2 drops of ferric The curd solution -OH group is
chloride is added turns yellow while absent.
to 2 tubes. One water remains
with 2 ml of curd colourless.
and the other with
water

IODOFORM TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Strong iodine Yellow crystalline Secondary
followed by NaOH ppt of iodoform is alcoholic group is
is added to 2 ml of formed. present .
curd solution.
PROCEDURE:
The following tests are performed with COCONUT’S MILK
CURD.

CARBONATE OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST
2 ml of Effervescence is -COOH group is
Na2 CO3 solution is observed due to present.
added to 2 ml of evolution of CO2 .
curd.

FERRIC OBSERVATION INFERENCE

CHLORIDE TEST
2 drops of ferric The curd solution -OH group is
chloride solution is turns yellow while present.
added to 2 test water remains
tubes, one with 2 colourless.
ml curd and the
other with water.

IODOFORM TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Strong iodine Yellow crystals of Secondary
followed by NaOH iodoform is formed alcoholic group is
is added to 2 ml of present.
curd solution.
PROCEDURE :
the following tests are performed with OMFED’S MILK
CURD.
CARBONATE OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST
2 ml of Na2 CO3 is Effervescence is -COOH group is
added to 2 ml of evolved due to present .
curd. formation of CO2

FERRIC OBSERVATION INFERENCE

CHLORIDE TEST
2 drops of ferric The curd solution -OH group is
chloride is added turns yellow while present.
to test tubes , one water remains
with 2 ml of curd colourless.
solution.

IODOFORM TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Strong iodine Yellow crystalline Secondary
followed by NaOH ppt. of iodoform is alcoholic group is
is added to 2 ml of formed. present.
curd solution.
 CONTENTS
SL. TOPIC PAGE NO.
NO.
AIM OF THE
1. PROJECT
REAGENTS AND
2. APPARATUS
REQUIRED
PRINCIPLE
3. INVOLVED
PROCEDURE(COW’S
4. MILK, GOAT’S MILK,
SOYA BEAN’S MILK,
COCONUT’S MILK,
OMFED’S MILK)
OBSERVATION
5.
REACTIONS
6. INVOLVED
RESULT AND
7. INFRENCE
CONCLUSION
8.
PRECAUTIONS
9.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
10.
OBSERVATION
REACTIONS INVOLVED:-

CARBONATE TEST:
CH3 CH(OH)COOH + 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 → 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻(𝑂𝐻 )𝑂𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝑎 + 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂

FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST:

CH3 𝐶𝐻 (𝑂𝐻 )COO− + 𝐹𝑒 3+ → [Fe(CH3 CH(OH)COO)]

IODOFORM TEST:
CH3 CH(OH) + 5I2 + 7NaOH → CHI3 + 2CO2 + 7NaI + 6H2 O
 RESULT AND INFERENCE :

“ ALL FIVE DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF CURD

CONTAIN LACTIC ACID ”

CONCLUSION
LACTIC ACID:
It is the constituent of milk and hence its name is derived
from ( L.LACTIS = milk)
PROPERTIES :
Physical: lactic acid is colourless liquid, sour in taste with
melting point at 291K and of specific gravity of 1.25 and is
soluble in water , alcohol and ether.
Chemical: lactic acid molecule contains a secondary
alcoholic -COOH group , a carboxyl group as an α-hydroxy
propionic acid with the chemical formula CH3 𝐶H(OH)COOH.
Preparation:
1. By hydrolysis of ACETALDEHYDE CYANOHYDRINS
2. B fermentation of molasses by micro-organisms
BACILLUS ACEDILACTI. They are optically active due to
the presence of central asymmetric carbon atom.it
occurs in isomers. Optically inactive α-L.LACTIC ACID .
This form is found in sour milk and gastric juice .The
other two active forms are , Dextro- rotatory lactic acid
& laevo- rotatory lactic acid ( unstable at room
temperature).

Uses:
1. In dairy products

2.As acidulant in beverages and candles

3.As a mordant

4.As a plasticizer

5.Calcium and iron lactates used in medicine

PRECAUTIONS:-

 The tst tube should be clean and dry.

 Only required amount of chemicals should
be added.
 The chemicals should be handled carefully.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Comprehensive chemistry class XII.
 Chemistry Laboratory Manual by Laxmi
publication.
 Modern College of Chemistry (II) by K.D.
Sharma & J.Y.R. Sharma.