International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

Different Methods for Compensating the Transient

Analysis using the Dynamic Voltage Regulator
Deepali H. Shende1
M-tech Scholar, Department of Electrical
Engineering, Abha Gaikwad Patil college
of Engineering Nagpur, India.
Email:dplshende@gmail.com
Shital S. Rewatkar3
Assistant Professor in department of Electric Engineering
Y.C.C.E. college of Engineering Nagpur, India
Email:shitalkewte@rediffmail.com

Shashikant G. Kewte2
Assistant Professor in department of
Electric Engineering, Abha Gaikwad patil college
of Engineering Nagpur, India
Email:shashi.kewte@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper the transient analysis of 132 kv power
substation is calculated by using practical and theoretical values.
By studying the power system stability it is observed that the
transient means the sudden interruption or change occurred in
system which caused the system unhealthy and unbalanced. So in
this paper by using the dynamic voltage regulator we
compensated the transient analysis stability of substation. This
paper compare with the actual data of 132kv substation for
calculating the stability. By using the algorithm of modified
Euler’s method we find the steps of initial and final values of
fault. The model of 132kv substation is simulated on Matlab
software.
Keywords :power system stability, transient analysis, load flow,
simulink, MATLAB
I INTRODUCTION :
The stability of a physical system is referred as its
capability to come back to the original equilibrium position
on the occurrence of disturbance or to another equilibrium
state which is generally in the opproximity of the initial
equilibrium point. The study of stability in the presence of
small disturbance constitutes which is called as “static
stability” or the “dynamic stability” analysis[3]. When the
disturbances are large, the non linearity’s inherent in the
power system can no longer be ignored and the detail of
stability under such circumstances constitutes what is
known as “transient stability” analysis. The term stability,
maintenance of synchronism and power limit are frequently
used interchangeably though interruption is made many
times erroneously.
A system consisting of a synchronous generator, a line and
an induction motor may become unstable but cannot lose
synchronism[5]. A system consisting of a synchronous
generator, a line and a resistance load has a definite power
limit without having a stability limit.
A.Power System Stability :
The power system stability more precisely,
inclusive of all forms[13].
• Provide a systematic basis for classifying power system
stability, identifying and defining different categories, and
providing a broad picture of the phenomena.
• Power system reliability and security discuss linkages to
related issues of it.
Thus the power system stability is concerned with
the condition necessary for the successful operation of a
power system when changing from one stable condition to
another due to large and sudden , where slow means a long
time action compared with the time constant of the field
circuit of the machine, of automatic voltage regulator and
the turbine. The stability limit is defined as the highest
power which can flow through a point n the system without
causing loss of stability. The problem of stability is
subdivided into steady stability, dynamic stability, transient
stability.
B. Types of stability:
Power system stability is the ability of an electric power
system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a
state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a
physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded
so that practically the entire system remains intact[17].
Stability when used with reference to the power system, is
that attribute of the system, or some of the system, which
enable it to develop restoring forces between the elements
there of, equal to or greater than the distributing forces so as
to restore state of the equilibrium between the element. So
for understanding further explanation we classified all three
categories as follows:
x Steady state stability
x Transient stability
Steady state stability : The steady state stability of
a power system is defined as the ability of the system to
bring itself back to its stable configuration following a small
disturbance in the network (like normal load fluctuation or
action of automatic voltage regulator). It can only be
referred only during a very gradual and infinite simally
small power change[22].
It refers to the ability of the system to regain its
synchronism (speed & frequency of all the network are
same) after slow and small alarums which occurs due to
gradual power changes. Steady-state stability is subdivided
into two types:

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 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)
Static stability: It refers to the stability of the system
that obtains without the aid (benefit) of governors and
voltage regulators of automatic control devices such
as it.
Dynamic stability: It denotes the stability of a system
to reach its stable condition after a very small
disturbance (disturbance occurs only for 10 to 30
seconds). It is also called as small signal stability. It
occurs mainly due to the fluctuation in load or
generation level[6].
Transient stability: For reaching a stable condition
transient stability of a power system refers to the
ability of the system to following a large disturbance
in the network condition. In all cases related to big
changes in the system like sudden application or
removal of load, switching operations, line faults or
loss due to excitation the transient stability of the
system comes into picture. It in fact deals in the ability
of the system to retain synchronism following a
disturbance sustaining for a reasonably long period of
time. And the maximum power that is permissible to
flow through the network without loss of stability
following a sustained period of disturbance is referred
to as the transient stability of the system. Going
beyond that maximum permissible value for power
flow, the system would temporarily be rendered as
unstable.
II. UTILITY OF TRANSIENT STABILITY
In particular the concept of transient stability is well
illustrated through the equal area criterion. New
advanced classical numerical solution techniques of
the swing equation as well as the algorithm for large
system stability are studied[1]. The stability of an
interconnected power system is its stability to return
to normal or stable operation after having been
subjected to some form of disturbance. The Institute
of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) has
recently paid enormous attention to the importance of
power engineering education in general, and transient
analysis in particular. From this analysis, we can
conclude the importance of these different parameters
on power system transient stability studies. The best
measurement of severity of a contingency is
considered as the critical clearance time of a fault and
thus widely used for ranking contingencies in
accordance with their severity. The proposed method
is tested on IEEE 4-bus system for DVR and sizes.
A. There are different method for transient stability
: A. The algorithm for the transient stability studies
x Euler’s method
x Modified Euler’s method
x Range Kutta method
x Numerical stability of explicit
integration method
x Implicit integration method
x Equal area criteria method
B. The objectives of transient stability are:
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x To define the transient stability problem
in the sphere of power system security,
its operating modes, application
contexts and corresponding needs
x To explain on transient stability
phenomena and modelling and discuss
about main strengths and weaknesses of
the conventional time domain approach
x To review the “conventional” direct
approaches, examine whether and to
which extent they are able dies, and
introduce the spirit of the method
developed in this paper.
C. Factors influencing transient stability:
x How heavily the generator is loaded.
x The generator output during the fault.
This depends on the fault location and
type.
x The fault clearing time
x The post fault transmission system
reactance.
x The generator reactance.
x The generator inertia.
x The generator internal voltage
magnitude, this depends on the field
excitation.
x The infinite bus voltage magnitude.
D. Methods for improving transient stability :-
x By using multiple model and switching
x Transient Stability Simulation by the
Waveform Relaxation Methods
x By the phase-shift insertion
x By the Joint Usage of DC System
x By using UPFC
x Auto reclosing.
x By using three phase fault
III. Writing Tools:
involves the following steps[9]:
x Reads the line and bus data. It includes the
data for lines, transformers and shunt capacitors.
x Form admittance matrix, Y bus.
x Solve the initial load flow.
x Reads generator data.
x Modify Y bus by adding the generator and
load admittances.
 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

x Compute the pre-fault admittance matrix Y C. Programme for Modified Euler’s Method:
pre-fault by eliminating all nodes except the internal x y y h. f x , y . . . . (1)
generator nodes. x f(x , y ) = Ø(x )
x Solve the generator swing equation for the x =slope of eqn at(x , y )
pre-fault period. x Slope at x , y = f(x , y ).
x Set t = 1s a three-phase fault occurs at any x Avg. Slope =f(x , y ) + (x , y )
line in the system, and fault bus voltage equal to zero. x From eqn (7)
x Compute the new faulted admittance matrix x y = y + h[f(x , y ) +
Y fault. x , y ]
x Solve the swing equation for the fault period. x y = y + [f x , y +
x Isolate the line witch fault occurred. f x , y . . . (2)
x Compute the post-fault system admittance x For finding y
matrix Y post fault. x y =y +
x Solve the swing equation for the post fault h. f x , y . . . . (3)
period. x Eqn (3) is said as predictor equation
x Plots the swing curves for all generators. x From eqn (8) & (9)
x y = y + [f(x , y ) +
B. Mathmatical Calculation Of transient f x , y . . . . (4)
Stability : x Eqn (4) is said as corrector /Modified
x Start equation.
x Define function to calculate slope f(x,y)
x Declare variables Where, f= function of value
x Input the value of variable
x Find slope ( say m0) using initial values of x h = step size
& y i.e f( x0 ,yo )
x Find new y, y = y0 + m0 * h =initial value
x Increase value of x, i.e x1 = x0 + h
x Find new slope ( say m’) using x1 and y = final value
x Take the mean of m0 and m
x Again find ynew , and assign ynew with y y = First iteration for value of y
x Repeat from step 6 till two consecutive y are
equal
x = first iteration for value of x
x New, increase x and repeat from step 5 till
x= xn
x Print x and corresponding y
x Stop

Fig.2 Structure of complete power system model for transient

Fig.1 classification of power system stability[17] stability analysis[17]

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 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

IV.DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION

For the transient analysis 132kv/33kv/11kv distribution

substation which is located at GIROLA, District
Bhandara has been selected. Substation consists of four
power transformers, two are of 50MVA, 132KV/33KV,
third transformer is 5MVA, 33KV/11KV, and fourth
transformer is 10MVA,33KV/11KV. It has two
incoming feeder/bus and two outgoing feeder from
132kv feeder. And five outgoing feeder from 33kv
feeder. Substation also consists of all protective devices
and measuring meters. Incoming feeder is represented
as generator for the analysis.

A.Compensation of transient analysis using the DVR:
One of the most effective devices used for voltage
regulation and improving power quality is the dynamic
voltage regulator (DVR). A DVR is one of the series
compensation device composed of an energy storage
system (ESS) with a dc link, an inverter, a filter circuit,
and a series voltage injection transformer. Additionally,
DVR systems are bidirectional, so they can either
absorb or generate active and reactive power. This
bidirectional functionality can be achieved because of a
DVR’s ability to inject a series voltage of desired
magnitude and phase. DVR systems are primarily
placed upstream to a sensitive load in order protect them
from supply side disturbances. In addition to their real
and reactive power control, DVR systems are known to
provide a fast response to system disturbances and
consume zero real power during steady state.
Fig4. Internal configuration of line diagram of DVR[21]
V. RESULT
The simulation has been conducted for the above models
in MATLAB. The analysis for the same has been
described as belows. Here Case I illustrate the
simulation operation of single line diagram without
connecting DVR. Case II illustrate the simulation
operation of single line diagram with connecting DVR.
It is a single line diagram of 132 kv s/s. In the bus no. 4
apply the transient effect for finding the all component
which is affected by the effect. specially there is
variation in voltage, current, power and many other
component. At bus no.4 all the different techquine are
applied and find out the comparative analysis of result
of all techniques.

Case I:

A. Compartive analysis of transient analysis using

different method without compensation
x Using tripping fault: By using the tripping fault
the value of per unit voltage and current is
changed before and after fault this will be seen
in graphical representation. The value of
current is somewhat high in tripping fault as
compared to others methods. In this fig time
variable data is calculated on bus no.4 which
shows the following result:

Fig3. Single line diagram of 132kv substation

This method is mainly used for loads that are

sensitive to phase jump such as thyristor controlled
drives. In other words, both magnitude and phase of the
load voltage are compensated in this strategy such that
the load voltage during disturbances is as same as the
one before disturbances. Figure 4 shows this kind of
compensation in per-unit plane.

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 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

fig.5 Transient analysis using tripping 3-phase fault condition without Fig.7 Transient analysis using load switching
connecting DVR

Case II :
x Using capacitor bank switching : capacitor
bank can be controlled automatically A. Compartive analysis of transient analysis using
depending upon voltage profile of the system. different method with using DVR compensation
Capacitor bank can also be switched ON &
OFF depending upon the Amp of the load.
4
x 10
3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

Fig.6 Transient analysis using capacitor bank switching without

connecting DVR Fig.8 Transient analysis using capacitor bank switching with DVR

4
x 10
3.5

Using load switching : Analyze the methods that use 3

high-speed under frequency load shedding to maintain
system stability & preserve station operations. Voltage 2.5

circuit switching devices to shed load.In this graph the

2
time versus load component are plotted for finding the
transient effect on bus no.4. 1.5

0.5

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Fig.9 Transient analysis using three phase fault condition connecting

with DVR

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complementary work must be done to introduce real

x 10
4 transient analysis control strategy (conditions on power,
3.5
energy, fluctuations, lifespan, etc.) in order to evaluate
3 stability performances in all three types of stability. The
compensation of transient stability is done using the
2.5
DVR facts device and result is shown above. Different
2
numerical methods are discussed in this thesis such as
Modified Euler integration, and direct method such as
1.5 capacitor bank switching, tripping three phase fault, and
load switching.
1

0.5

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

fig. 10 Transient analysis using load switching connecting with

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