Previous Summary L8-1

best

pulse should have spectrum fulfilling

Nyquist criteria in order to get ISI=0

Raised Cosine Pulses

It is zero
at every T

No interference
with next pulse

if not good synchronization

then also have small ISI
 T 3T
2T
-3T -T
-2T
If t increases
decreases sharply
 L8-3
Energy of the signal
Constellation

Signal can be expressed

e
Unit Enrgy Signal phi(t) in terms of phi(t)

Constant Energy Modulation

Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

Energy of Signal

# of points incr--dist decr--- prob of error incr| incr radius -- same energy --but more power
Using orthogonal pulses

constellation