2128/2018 ‘APA Cltaon Guide | Normativa Académics ® Para imprimir en PDF se necesita utilizar el navegador Chrome. APA Citation Guide The APA style is made up by a set of basic guidelines aimed at researchers and scientists, with the objective of unifying criteria and avoid confusion, ambiguity and bias when writing articles whose audience is the scientific community. The basic guidelines are > Citation > Text citation > Indirect sources citation (secondary sources) > Reference List > Use of Tables and Figures Furtherrnore, when using the APA style, a series of premises rust be known: > Any research starts with a pre-existing information, consequently, original sources must always be cited. Otherwise, you are plagiarizing > Every citation needs to be adequately quoted (source, year and editor, author(s), and so on). > Citation style always matches the corresponding means (it differs, for example, a book needs @ different citation than an article), > During the writing process, the citation must appear simultaneously in two ways: in-text citation and in the section called "references list’, in alphabetical order. This guideline follows the APA Style as in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition. The examples above are adapted from the 2009 and 2015 editions of A. Pantoja (Coord.) Manual basico para la realizacién de Tesis, Tesinas y trabajos de Investigacién. Madrid: Eos. 1. General rules for in-text citation Academic documents indicate the source of previous knowledge succintly in the text, next to the citation, and extensively in the list of references or bibliography section, at the end of the document. The following sections provide information on how to indicate the source in the text. 1.1. Direct citations (quotes) hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent wna2ear20%6 ‘APA Cation Guide | Normatva Académica A direct citation is a literal transcription of another author's words. The text must clearly attribute the ight authorship. The citation style is different depending on the length of the quote and the quantity of authors In all cases, , the in-text citation must specify the name or surname of the author or authors, as referenced in the bibliography at the end of the project, followed by the year and the page numbers must be specified. 1.1.1. Less than 40 words In this case, the citation is placed within quotation marks following the cited paragraph. That is to say, right next to the cited text. Example ‘The New Oxford American Dictionary's definition of plagiarism is “the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own.” (2016, p. 1296) Po 1.1.2. 40 or more words This is considered a long citation or block citation. It must occupy its own paragraph, with a left indentation of 1.3 em (5 inches) from the margin. In addition, no quotation marks or italics are added. Citation of more than one paragraph will keep the same indentation (1.3 ern or 5 inchres. Example Genette (1997, p.408) justifies the function of paratexts because: Being immutable, the text in itself is incapable of adapting to changes in its public in space and over time. The paratext - more flexible, more versatile, always transitory because transitive ~ is,as it were, an instrument of adaptation. Hence the continual modification of the text's "presentation". Po hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent 242282018 APA Caton Guise | Normativa Académica As can be seen in the example, the indentation of all the lines coincide. The year and page number can also be indicated in parentheses after the citation (year, (p) in parentheses, full stop and the page number), In block citations, omitted text is marked with an ellipsis without parentheses. If within the citation you need to make sore clarification or give a supplernentary explanation, it will be enclosed within square brackets, For example, emphasize one or rnore words in the text and immediately afterwards, indicate “italics added’. Example By “paratext” we mean the ‘verbal or other productions, such as author's name, a title, a preface, illustrations [..], accompanying [a book], which vary in extent and appearance” (Genette, p. 1997, p. 1, italics added) Po 1.1.3. Quantity of authors Wheter a citation is short or long, the amount of authors influences how they are presented a) Up to two authors: both are cited throughout the text. Example In accordance with Campoy and Pantoja (2000, p. 17) “the new profile and functions of the tutor require a professional reorganization of the classical model prevailing in the educational centers”, but at the present day, that is yet to come. Po b) Erom three to seven authors: all the surnames are cited the first time the reference appears. After that, only the surname or surnames (depending on how is written then in the bibliographical ferences) of the first author is mentioned followed by “et al” (without italics). Example First time: hpiwmw nermativa-acacemica.info/en/at-eninfo-enidocumenas-desarrallo-avances-eninormativa-estio-apa-en! ana2282018 APA Caton Guise | Normativa Académica There are complicated ways of measuring how the reported value can deviate from actual exchange value, and how certain lee-ways can still allow for cooperation (mutual benefits) and market equilibrium to be achieved. (see Pym, Grin, Sfredo & Chan, 2012, p. 150) Second time: This is in a world where we estimate there is only a need for 333,000 fulltime translators and interpreters who are professional enough to declare themselves as such when paying taxes. (Pym et al, 2012, p. 132) bo ©) Eight or more authors: cite the first author’s surname only followed by “et al’, as seen in the previous example Example Alvarez Rojo et al. (2002, p. 93) refer to program design as a way of "making decisions that are mostly arbitrary’ bo 1.2. Indirect citations Indirect citations rephrase other author's statements, keeping the original meaning. Indirect citations do not have to include the page number, although its inclusion facilitates the location of along or complex source text The remaining recommendations for direct citations apply. The following examples show a paragraph in the original source, and the indirect citation: Example Paragraph of the original source: hpiwmw nermativa-acacemica.info/en/at-eninfo-enidocumenas-desarrallo-avances-eninormativa-estio-apa-en! ana2128/2018 APA Gitaion Guide | Normatva Académica Most of the participants mentioned in the interviews that, beyond this experiment, they had noticed low quality in non-professional subtitling available online, which relates to the general assumption of low quality in amateur translations. Nevertheless, when they were asked to assess the difficulty of following the different subtitle versions included in this, experiment, the ratings for all conditions were highly similar. Additionally, when asked if they noticed any difference between the subtitles, they only mentioned subtitle speed and appearance on the screen as relevant factors Reviewed original source: Orrego-Carmona, D. (2013). Where is the audience ? Testing the audience reception of non-professional subtitling. In D. Orrego-Carmona and E. Torres-Simén (eds), Translation Research Projects 3, (pp. 77-91). Tarragona: Intercultural Studies. Example of an indirect extracted citation: Orrego-Carmona (2013) notes how despite previous assumptions of low quality of non- professional subtitles, the study did not find remarkable differences in subtitle ratings, when the origin was hidden. Po Some more examples of indirect citations Example One author: Pantoja (2004) deals extensively with the Information Society to place in it the psychopedagogical intervention. References to psychopedagogical intervention come from various points of view (Pantoja, 2004) ‘Several authors outside the parenthesis (in alphabetical order): Campoy and Pantoja (2000) and Pantoja, Campoy and Cafias (2001) have explained the transformation processes of the orientation in our country as a result of the entry into force of the LOGSE. ‘Several authors within the parenthesis (in alphabetical order): In recent years, various authors have worked on methodology for educational research (Bisquerra, 2004; Buendia, Colas and Hernandez, 1997; Cardona, 2002; Gil, 2004; Latorre, hp:twww:normativa-academica infolenot-eninfo-anidocumentos-desarcll-avances-eninormativa-stlo-apa-ent sina