A Non-Geek’'s
A-to-Z Guide to
theIntroduction
Defining the Internet of Things sn easy When is defined in terms of make
size, some focus onthe potential revenue (tin the illons while eters
focus onthe number of potential hings” (in thebillons) Some deinions
focus onthe exponental growth of sensors, excluding smartphones, tables
and desizop comptes, while others only consider device with an IP
address Whether these defintonsandfoecaets are accurte orn tcanboe
downvight confusing.
How would you define the Internet of Things (or asitis commonly called)?
youwereto ak 20 people, you would mestlkelyend upwith 21 diferent
defnions, including your: And guess what? Thats OK fs notimpartan that
weal gree on ingle defntion Whatsimportantsthat we understand
the content or frame of reference which the Itemet of Things kein
decussed.
‘good eatein pointis"big data” When the term stared to become popular
in 2017, almost every are, research report interview and panel dscusion
forthe next teu yeuts began witha definton of big data Was itnecessary
te define each ime? Yes, And stil Because author and speakers are
responsible for providing the proper context for readers andliteners—
especially when tinvelves complexterms ie big data and the Internet of
Things
Different Ways to View loT
Wile you won'tfind canonical definon of loTin thi guide, it sil
interesting tnete how diferent organizations describe it Here are afew
+ aTisabourextending the power ofthe ntemet beyond,
‘computers and smartphones to awhoe range of ther things
processes and enironments (oT frAl)
+ ot isthe extension ofintemet connectivity ito physical devices
and everyday objects. Embedded wih electronics, internat
connectvty and other forms of hardware (euch a eneor),
‘hese devices can communicate and interact with other over the
intemet and they ean be remotely monitored and convoled.
(tkipedio)
+ aT refers to avast number of "things" that are connected to the
Intemet so they can share data with ther things -loTspplesUons,
connected deveesindustl machines and more. Intemet-
connected devices use bultin sensors to collect data ands
some cases acton it (SAS)
‘These descriptions highlight o's common vats - connect, "things" and
data (orinfrmation)- while giving us a good sense ofthe verendous impact
IoThas on feat we know tAbout This Guide
“This AtoZ guide includes 101 common terms related to the Itemet of
“Things Ks notan exhaustive totems, given thatleTiseveling so que
boutrathera quick go resource forthe anyone who wantsto get handle on
thisvac oT ecosystem Eventhough hie guide isfrthe nongeaktdows
include some technical torms-butthey are explained sans technical "gook
speak”
Wie ako wantto help you understand how aterm maybe connectedto'3
larger dizcuson The indexeon the next page will help you wth hat groupe
the terms by category such as"analer oF ‘connacviy” cotati’ easerto
lel grasp group of related terms (and theirbroader coterie)
Each catagory lo as colored ion to rapresrt-aereughout the
shida eachtem staged wh the rlvent extagen Far nampa, 3)
indice altermsin th "wiles clean
TAKE A DEEPER DIVE
on the Internet of Things
Click the links to check out our in-depth pages and learn
pees
Peace aut
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Ceuta tees(a)
ANALYTICS
Advanced gore
ieee
nb
ig data wpe
Deserve ana
Pharm
Prelcveanaigis
Precip arbre
Seong ras
APPLICATIONS
Connected customer
Connected factory
Connected vehicle
Smarty
Smaregtid
Smaithomne
ARTIFICIAL
InreLLigeNce
fecvarecte
Sowrn
route
eae
oeseeces
mao
eins
peneter
ZB
2D
CAPABILITIES
Automation
igtal ansoron
Legacy
Optimization
Realtime
Smart
Ubiquitous
COMPUTING
Cloud computing
Edge computing
Fog computing
Graphics processing
units (GPUs)
tid compuring
Incegraton
etal realty VR)
Yorabyte
CONNECTIVITY
Botnet
Geolencing
rs
Intemetof Everything
(ie)
Interoperability
Mis
Network
Protocal
Proximity network
FID
Standards
DATA
Data ake
Data sreaming
coat
Piney
Oualy
Security
m
DIGITAL
‘CURRENCY
Bitcon
Blockchain
Coyptocumency
Digtal camency
Eterm
a
INDUSTRIES:
Heath care
Instill
Manufactaring
Real
Telecommunictins
Tearapertton
tities
cid
a
THINGS
Drone
Mobile device
uantfied set
Sensor
Things
Wearables
Xeaffee
»\
WIRELESS
acuE
6
Bhutoth
Mesh networking
Wires
Zabee
Zwavehe 101 TERMS in Alphabetical Order
4GiTE
ON\) cctrtisaighspendwines network On able devs,
conven peer tin 100MB/ecrd en stator)
dens ponds ae lost \CR/ncond,
) 5
OY) Scisthe next generaton of mobile networks beyond LTE SG
supports more users allo data ina gvendanshy vermis
raking speeds faster 5G ie needed to handle expanded
network volimes du tothe enormous growth ofloT devices.
ADVANCED ALGORITHMS
‘An algorithm's zolware procedure (ie, 210 ofinetructions
designed to perform a spect task. Consider that lgorthns
deterine what data you se in your Google search rests
cor Facebook news fed, Overtime, algoritiens are modified
tolimprove pevlormance elciency or acuracy Advanced
algorithms ae developed and combined innew waysto
analyze more oT data faster, and at muliple evels—whichis
eyo identiving and predicting rae events understanding
complexsystems and optimizing unique scenarios
ADVANCED ANALYTICS
[As SAS Chit Technology Oficor Olver Schabenberger puts
"Data without analytic ie vale not yetreaized. Wherever
‘theres data, there should be analytics" Ths is especially tu
ofloT data For example, advanced analyics allows companies
to conduct whalif analyses and understand the impact of
changing business ttegy Advanced analyte includes
attics inteligence and elated technologies ke machine
learing, predictive analytes, data mining, big data analy,
forecasting, tex anaes, optimization and smulation.
APIs
‘Pl or application programming interfaces ae portable
pckager of code thatmakek pore o add Al functional
to editing products and sofware packages: Thy can add
Image recognition apabiles tome eeurty systems, 8A,
capabities to describe loT data creste captions and headlines
or call outinteresting patterns andinsights in oT dataARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Al)
‘Acsfcialinaligonco makes posse for machines leam
‘rom experience, adjust to new inputs and perform humanike
tasks, Most Al examples that you hear about today rom
chezeplaying computrsto sli cevng cats=rely heavy on
seep laring and natural language procesing INLP} Using
these technologies computers canbe tained te accomplish
speci tasks by procersing large amount afloT data and
recognising patterns inthat dats
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OF THINGS
(AloT)
Alt reforsto he merging of Aland lef We can use advanced
analyses and Also gain inteligence from high volumes of
sivorse data thats generated by lT sensors, viens and
machines. But there’ ne need collecthe dataifyou don
have an aggresive planto analyze itand acton it loT and
Altogether (Alo) accelerate sights that drive burns:
performance.
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AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)
AARiethe blending of itl realy and eal if. AR sppeasto
‘the senses by inzering computor-generted sounds, videos,
graphics or GPS data into an exiting rah fe sting. ARie
converging with oF; for example, ta from hundreds of
senzotscanbe viualzed simukaneous)y, overlaying relevant
nd uelulinformaton fom your environment through
hesdeet
AUTOMATION
The automation ofdtadriven deciions and actions isan
obvious rection forthe nteret of Things and Industral a).
‘Analying lth loT data willbe aha takin taf tthe
ably to automate decsiors and actonebazed on thi an
wil separate the lenders fom the laggards nts lo rac,
BIG DATA
Big dat refers to oxponentily increasing volumes, varieties
and veloctes of dats wich has pushed computing stem=
and processes tothe lint Big data became alltheragein
2011_What we know now that twas jurthe opening ae for
hat we now ell oT data(at) BIG DATA ANALYTICS
Big data analyics isa subst of advanced anaes. allows
you to examine large volumes of data to uncover hidden
peters, corebtions matket ends and athe insights Wah
today big data technology, you can get answersto your
business questions alot quicker than wth your radona I
tools
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BITCOIN
Bitcoinis a eyptocurency powered by theblockchan Unlike
sgovernmentissued curences bitoin is operated by 2
decentralized author and provides lower transaction fees
‘than tational payment mechanisms.
BLOCKCHAIN
Blockchain isthe technology that powers btcoin Is atype
of data store that stores everything of digital value. Each
new vansacton i stored in ablockthat gets added toa
han of exsing records, soit serves asa publcledger of
allransacions Updates are validated through a public
_ettcation proces Blocks of wansactons are added ina ine,
‘chronological order through cyptography, ensuring thatthe
blockchan is atamper proof record of ltansactions onthe
network
BLUETOOTH
radio broadcast communication system that allows youto
exchange data over a shor estance, typically 30 fest (butitcan
range from three to 300 fet). Blustoth is commen used with
portable devies, many of which ae oT deviees“e
BOTNET
‘Aso called 2 zombie army, a botnet isa collection of connected
‘things (basally anything with an Padres hathas boon
setup forward tranamistons typically
MANUFACTURING.
Manufacturing is one ofthe ealy adopters of oT andis oon
referedto asInduetrial lI. Dats-collecting sonzors embedded
in emartactry machinery orwarehoure he
communicate problems or track erouresin realtime, making
i
cyto work are afiienly and keep coz down,
MESH NETWORKING
Inawirelose mesh network the network spread out among
drone of things hat communicate with eachother The more
‘thingsin the mesh network the stronger the network Only
one thing, calle the controler, needs tobe haraired tothe
Internet visa moder/outer Mesh network re growing in
popula n smart homes, expecisy Zighee and Z Weve.
MIRAI
Milis popularmalware program thatturns inucbased
‘machine into bos that can be used a part of abotnetin
large-scale network tack Mirai tond to target remote
‘cameras and home outers by using the defouk passwords
that come withthe devices Its cautionary reminder to loys
change the paroword on all devices thet are added to your
network at work or home,eo
A
QD
MOBILE DEVICE
‘Amobile devices portable, handheld computor ke 2
smartphone, tablet or DSLR camera. They ae battery powered
nd ypcaly connect vs WF Sluetooth and/or acellular
network.
MONETIZATION
Compares are looking for waysto monetize het oT data,
Here are four possible approaches 1} improve intemal
processes (2}onhance xing product/service, (3) enhance
‘the customer experionce, and) developnew digital
productlzenices
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)
‘Natural language processing isa branch of arifcialintaligence
‘thathelps computers understand, interpret nd manipulate
human language. NLP draws from mary decilines,ncuging
computer science and computation nguiis nits putz
tofllthe gap between human communiestion and computer
nertanding
NETWORK
computer network, ako called dots network uses ami
of wired and wireless technologies to connect “endpoins”
(servers, personal computers, phones ctc}s0 they can
‘ranamit recive and exchange data voie snd video afc
Each endpoint ha a unique dente often an IP address or
media access contol (MAC) adders, to dently the source and
destination ofthe Waneisson. Ths ithe foundation upon
vihich the Internet of Things bul.
NEURAL NETWORK
Nowra networks ae computing systems with interconnected
nodes that work much ke neuronsin the human bain
Using algortis, they can recognize hilden patie sod
conelation in aw data, cluster and lass it and over ime
continuoutly eam and improve. Newal networks support
livers ass ke computer vision, speech recognition, machine
tranalation and medial dlagnaisOPTIMIZATION
(Optimization hppens when business scenarios ae improved
mathematically using data. Improvements in dat collection,
storage and processing have made analytes more responsive,
scalable and ofiient just atthe time when oT data israking
big dsta even bigger The recukisthat organizations ean
realtically ze realm avalable data opposed ‘0
sampling and extrapelation) to optimize ther operations
OC eco
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PLATFORM
‘An analy platform isa murthave forthe dat-criven
corgpization, especialy #1oT dts isiwolved. fs oftware
foundation that makes it easier drive insight from your
ata in any computing environment and suppors every phase
ofthe analyse cyl data, dscoveryand deployment.
SAS® Vyat ica strong example.
PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS
Prodicive analysis the nex stop aor descriptive analytics.
Ieprimary purpore isto answer the queston: “What could
happen” uses the data youhave predict the data you
dor'thave.tsnot fortune ell, though. joie ta help you
Understand the future bazed onthe data you provide
PRESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS
Prescriptive anal comes afer precictve anaes Re
primary purpose iste answer the question: "What should we
do” Rean recommend ane or more courses of action and
show you thelikaly outcome of each decision, Selt-iving ars
Ie and breathe of of prescriptive analy.
PRIVACY
Big data privacy isn'ta discussion reserved for daa gocks and
privacy feaks anymore sforallf us With data and hinge
growing a an alarming rate, we can no longer afford ‘o ston
‘the sidelines We each reed to take proactive steps ‘0 protect,
urdata and our privacy.PROTOCOL,
Aprotocolisa set of communication res forhardware
andor software that define how two or more entities aeto
communiate with ech other For example, HTTP 3 protocol
Fora potocolto be accepted the partcpsting parties must
agree onthe ules A protocol maybe developedinta 3
fandrd to hap reach an agreement
PROXIMITY NETWORK
‘Alea called 2 nearme ara network NAN), proximity network
allow: devicerin lace proximity to wirelessly communicate
‘with one another For example, two smartphones th
Silerent mobile carers can communes, eventhough the
communication path could be along distance (Le. going fom
fone phone's LAN trough the inlemetto the other phone's
Lan
QUALITY
ne ofthe challenges ofloT dats such a senzor data ethe
volume and velociy at which ’sbeing created The
ticky paris to quickly ident and izle the right data or
analyse. Once dented thi sthe data youl want to act on
{or accurate and timely decion making
4
EY
QUANTIFIED SELF
The quantified ef iall bout sltracking and flogging
Equipped with wearables and body sensors, an individual ean
oop track of every aspect otis fe from exercise to sleep,
hear acy to calorie expenditure, and nutton to food,
consumption And that’ just for starter. The loTis changing
how we petcetve anal interac with our bodes.
REAL TIME
Real tme describes an immediate or neatly immediate) level
cofresponsivenserby a device or machine. the responce is
_xficently immediate orf the machine irkeeping up with
some external process (like showing ur up-tothe-minate
weather changes) we sa i’ funcioning nal ime” Note
‘hatreatime describes our sense of ime, not machin’
retailer can take advantage of ourmobile
devices to provide ur with aboter mare personalized
shopping experience Retalers can alzo ure oT sencots and
devices frventory tracking ot seculy purposes.RFID
RFID (radiosrequencyidetfcation uses slecvomagnetic
fildetoidorty and rack tage atachedto objects
utomaialy These tag can cay upto 2,000 byes of da,
Kevin Ashton, who coined th tar Internat of Things stud
RFID technology while t MI
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Seer enn tee pee eat ee ry
ee ee eee eter eter or CeeSECURITY
Security sa httopic ant could make or breakthe Internet
of Things Its not only about securing the things ino, but so
allthe dts, devics and network that tis everything together.
Secutty by designs one oftheralhing ces for.
SENSOR
‘Acancoriea device hatcan detect an eventor change in
‘the environment nd send thatinformaton to 8 machine that
canthen act(ornat onthe data thas received Sentore have
become ubiquitous and contribute igifiarty tothe things
population.
eo
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(poy any tat can echange data wth another any
‘hough andres conacion sad besa From
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SMART CITY
Local goverment: developing smartchies can take advantage
of the oT data coming fom water and energy resources,
housing, raf, parking and sori media -nat to mention
‘pen data, Todays technologies ar nt only cheaper theyre
also faster and help government do more witless.
‘SMART GRID
Youmay aleadyhave a smartmetercollecing your energy
sage data. Thsisjust small sc of the oT data tty
compari nec to manage. With smart gid analysts
{aster and easier to predic equipment flies before they
occur efcently integrate renewable resources and erore
power aera storm.
SMART HOME
Theres no easier wayt experience aT than to bring into
yourhome. Add avoice aztant Ike Amazon Echo or Google
Home tothe mix, and you're now conrling yourhome
access ightng, temperature, ontrtainment.ystem window
coverings and zeurty system with yourvoiee.®
‘SPEECH RECOGNITION
ee the ability fora machine to lstonto spoken word and
phrases and conver them inte machine-readable ext
Natural language processing (NLP) can then take ths text and
‘exvactits meaning. Voice assistants ke Si use both speech
recognition and NLP techniques to respond to you
STANDARDS
Standard are developed to establish consistent protocale
that canbe universally understood and accepted, maximising
‘the rally and safety ofa product, method or service Per
‘the lEE Standard Associaton “hi only through the use
of standards thatthe requirements ofiterconnectviy and
interoperability canbe seswed” Many tandarde apply t oT.
Some ofthoze standards compete, whe athrs overlap. Well
not lear which standard wl prevlfor oT.
STREAMING ANALYTICS
Streaming analytes makes use of data in mation just as
‘wadivonal analytics makes ze of data trast Sveaming
analyz worn ral ime on data teaming rom
appleavons sensor social media, devices and more—
handling up 168 of data per second Steaming anaes
‘eanbe wed issue lars immediately when frauds detected
‘ortottigger a speeding ck fra fast iver
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TALENT
“The ntemet of Things is forcing compares to ask this
question: Do we have the right talent onboard take on the
opportunites and challenges ofoT? Whether the talents
intemal or extemal geting the ght people in place should be
key prot for any dat-chven organization\ TELECOMMUNICATIONS: (Zé, UBIQUITOUS:
BAY] tesieonminionininy le sends (DZ) mertinseercap of cxnecing tings Tle
oe
byloT since itwillbe charged with keoping athe data the loT
tse. ercial for smatghones and other personal devices
‘ta msintan reliable connectonto he intemetzothst oT ean
worketfecivaly
THINGS
When we talk about the internet of Things, what exact ita
“thing? The answer depends on who you atk Thoreo sngle
igh newer because depends on context-anditsyourjob
to understand that context Generally speaking, athing could
be a sensor a device (mobile of not and/or anything with an IP
auddrezz.One point of concensus thatthe things population
ie exploding. Soon there wil tens of bilons of things on the
planet Thing dapend on connectvityto be “smart”
‘TRANSPORTATION
Inaddtionto connected vehicles and vehileto-vehide
communication, IT ie changing how delivery companies
manage the fleets and how roadways are monitored oT it
not ony making the transportation industry more efcet ls
making or roadway safer for all
‘raneforing our world ito one where line blur between,
online andoffine.As connected devies grow, [oT fast
becoming ubiquitous. That ubiquity byt sheer sizes
_sypanymous with big dat, zine supe thatloT leaking
big data bigger athe importance f data management grows
{elon with data integration, dt quality anal dta goverancel,
{odo the opportunites for vale cestion with nabs.
0 Tene
So eee cS
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pperson.on earth - according to Business Insider
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UTILITIES:
Smart metersnot only collect data automaticaly they also
make t possible to apply analytic tht can track and manage
nergy use Lkewico,zentorsin devices such a windmill can
‘rack data and use precicve modeling schedule downtime
ormoreelient energy ue.
@
VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE (V2V)
Thistechnology willow vhides including cars trucks,
bres and train =t0 "tale with one another By exchanging
important afetyand mobilty information there vides
«could help savelvesease afc congestion and improve the
VIRTUAL REALITY (VR)
\VRisthe term used to describe a thee-dimensiona computer
generated envionment thatyou can explore andinteract with,
Ikeanimmersve experience that makes you eal ks youre
actualy intoracing wth your digital environment Fr example,
loT innovators are integrating VR into urban planning for sat
VOICE ASSISTANT
Also known as an ineligent personal assistant With your
voice, you can ak an “aesiant”"to perform atask or service for
you ike manage your schedule or provide afc info. Many
csitants re integrated wth oT ke Alexa Amazon Echo},
Google Home and Apple® Sii® -butzome are nat uch sz
Microsoft Cortana}
WEARABLES
Wearables are things that re worn under wth or ontop
of elthing. They ae primary tool forthe quantfied elf.
They" alzo being ured for law enforcement, emergency
‘management public :aetyand other purpoces.Renae acetate
NN ects eS
ec aa
from domestic violence for two basic reasons:
By the time the protective order is violated,
its too late. And there's often not enough
admissible evidence to enforce the order and
convict the offender. New technology based on
Sse
Sere ee nets
WhFI
‘popula networking technology that allows yout connect
tothe iterator other devices vieesty ts smlain concept
to Blsetooth Tisishow many ifnot most eT devices
“communicate wth one another Eventhough connecting
‘easy youneed to make sute your devceis secure.
WIRELESS
e+ aform of communication that uses electromagnetic waves,
not physical wes o ables, to vansmita signal Popular
wireless technologies include WEF, Bluetooth and mesh
resworking,
XCOFFEE
‘Aso called the Trojan Room coffee pot it's one of the frst
‘examples off inaction twas 1991, andthe fist webcam
was sot up outside the Trajan Room at CERN o watch coffee
ot Read he tory writen by one of he academics who wrote
thecode
YOTTABYTE
Ayorabyte i sepilion bytes, or 1024 W'sbiggerthan 3
zettabyte, which onlyhas 21 zoos For you Star Wars fans the
_yotabyte was named afer Yoda
ZIGBEE
Avielessmesh networking protocl popula for in-home
automaton tprovdes away forallthesmartthingsin your
_marthome t communicate wth one another I competes
wth 206
Z:WAVE
‘Another wireless mesh networking protocol popular fr in
home automason.Iteompetes with Zigbeo.Summary
“The term “thtemat of Things" may shit as we progres toward amore
connected planet, butwe ean count on ts ubiguity Regardless ofthe label,
IoTischanging life as we know t
The 101 terms and categories inthis AtoZ guide have provided you with
loT'sbuldng blocks. tsa good start but it’s just the begining of archer and
quite complex cussion of what I means or you snd your company,
Additional Resources o
‘Ga Advanced analytics
(i) Application programming interfaces (APIs)
@ Chatbots
Learn how SAS works with companies around the world to give context tothe
Internet of Things. so the can digitally vansform their businesses, increase
‘customer satisfaction and improve the batomline.
youte stllookng for more information, clk on the Inks below ig
deeper into some oftheee cool topics
f Industral Internet of Things (lloT)
[iih,) Platform (as in, analytics platform)
:
tS Privacy
SY RFID (radio frequency identification)
BS security
(al,) Smart grid analytics
[il,) Streaming analyticsRegardless of the label,
loT is changing life as we know it