PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON

TANGENT GALVANOMETER
SUBMITTED TO CBSE FOR THE
FULLFILLMENT OF REQUIRMENT OF
AISSCE 2019-2020

GUIDED BY SUBMITED BY
DR.S.FATHOOR RABBANI H.ARUN
(Physics Teacher)
Mr. DHARANI
(Lab assistant)

CLASS XII TOPAZ

YEAR 2019-2020
SHREE NIKETAN PATASALA
THIRUVALLUR
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that H.ARUN a student of class XII

TOPAZ, studying in SHREE NIKETAN PATASALA,
THIRUVALLUR has successfully completed the
research on the below mentioned project under the
guidance of Dr. S. FATHOOR RABBANI during the
year 2019-20 in partial fulfillment of Physics practical
examination conducted by AISSCE, New Delhi.
 *ACKNOWLEDGEMENT*

Primarily I would thank GOD and my Parents and for

being able to complete this project with success. I would
like to thank my chemistry teacher Dr. S. FATHOOR
RABBANI M.Sc., M.Phil. B.Ed., P. Hd., who has been a
great support in completing the project with such great
success, and then I would like to my principal Ms YADLA
NAGALAKSHMI M.A, M.A.LITT, B.Ed, and my Head
mistress Ms SUBHA BASKAR M.com, M.Phil, B.Ed
whose valuable guidance as been the one that helped me
to complete this project and make it a full proof success.
Their suggestion and instructions have served as a major
contribution towards the completions of the project. Then I
would like to thank friends who have helped me with their
valuable suggestion and guidance that have been helpful
for me in the successful completion of the project.
TANGENT GAVANOMETER
 CONTENTS
 AIM

 APPARATUS

 THEORY

 PROCEDURE

 OBSERVATION & GRAPH

 RESULT

 APPLICATION

 FACTS

 BIBOLGRAPHY
 AIM OF EXPERIMENT

The aim of the experiment is to study the earth’s

magnetic field and find its value using tangent
galvanometer.
 APPARATUS REQUIRED
 TANGENT GALVANOMETER(TG)
 COMMUTATOR(C)
 RHEOSTAT(R)
 BATTAERY(E)
 AMMETER(A)
 KEY(K)
 THEORY
Tangent galvanometer is an early instument for
measuring for small currents. It consists of coil of
insulated copper coil on a circular non-magnetic frame.
Its working is based on the principle of tangent law of
magnetism when the current is passed through the
circular coil a magnetic field is produced at the centre of
coil in the direction perpendicular to the plane of coil
The working of galvanometr is based on the tangent law.
It states that when a magnet is placed freely in magnetic
field B & h magnet comes to te rest making angle theta
with direction such that

When a bar magnet is suspended in two magnetic field B

& BH, when it comes to rest making angle 0 with
direction of BH..

1. B=BH tanθ

Let a current I be passed through the coil of radius R and

turns N then magnetic field produced at centre of coil is

2.

Let H be the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic

field and magnetic needle comes to rest at angle θ with
direction of H , then according to eq.1
 3.

By substituting the value of I , from eq.3

4. Tanθ/I =

Radius of coil of galvanometer R, deflection θ and N the

value of H can be calculated
 PROCEDURE

Connections are made as shown in the figure given

below, where K is the key, E the battery, A the ammeter,
R the rheostat, C the commutator, and T.G the tangent
galvanometer. The commutator can reverse the current
through the T.G coil without changing the current in the
rest of the circuit. Taking the average of the resulting two
readings for deflection averages out, any small error in
positioning the TG coil relative to the earth’s magnetic
field Bh .
PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING EXPERIMENT
 The plane of the coil is made vertical by
adjusting the leveling screws.
 The compass box alone is rotated so that the
90-90 line in the compass box is in the plane of
the coil.
 The T.G as a whole is rotated till the Aluminum
pointer reads 0-0.
 Note down the number of turns in the coil.
 A suitable current is allowed to pass through
the coil. 6. Note down the current as well as the
deflection in T.G.
 Reverse the current and note the deflection
again.
 Repeat the procedure for different values of
current 9 Plot the graph.
 Measure the radius of the coil from its
perimeter by using a thread and rotating it
around the round circle.
 Determine the reduction factor and horizontal
intensity of earth's magnetic field.
 OBSERVATION AND GRAPH
TO DETERMINE THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF
EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD (BH)

The Horizontal component of earth's magnetic

field (Bh) can be calculated using the formula,

TABLE:
GRAPH:

CALCULATIONS:
 RESULT

1. THE REDUCTION FACTOR OF T.G (K)=0.19682A

2. THE HORIZONDAL INTENSITY AT THE PLACE

=7.6867×10^-5 T
APPLICATIONS:
1. T.G can be used to measure the magnitude of the
horizontal component of the geomagnetic field.
2. The principle can be used to compare the
galvanometer constants

FACTS:
 The tangent galvanometer is an early
measuring instrument for Current
 The magnetic field produced by a circular coil
carrying current I is Proportional to I
 The S.I unit of magnetic field is Tesla
 The magnitude of horizontal intensity of
earth’s magnetic field is3.5x10 ⁻⁵ T
 For better result while doing tangent
galvanometer experiment, the deflection
should be in between 30-6
 What is the value of µ₀? 4πx10 ⁻⁷ NA ⁻ ²
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Tangent Galvanometer (Procedure) : Electricity
& Magnetism Virtual Lab : Physical Sciences :
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Virtual Lab
 Tangent Galvanometer (Theory) : Electricity &
Magnetism Virtual Lab : Physical Sciences :
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Virtual Lab
 Galvanometer - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanometer
 Lab manual-physics