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Fun Team Building Games For Kids

Games are fun. One of the most effective ways to teach your child something is through play.
This is our list of fun team games for kids they would love to play.

1. Picture Pieces

Image: Shutterstock

Picture Pieces combines the fun of drawing and working together as a team. This game is best
played indoors.

How it helps:
Teaches kids how ‘departmental working’ and how important teamwork is to achieve the desired
result.

Materials:
 A popular cartoon strip or an image that the children can reproduce on paper. The
complexity of the diagram should depend on the age-group of the kids.
 Pencils
 Paper

Number of participants: Six to eight


Time required: 30 minutes
Instructions:
 Cut the picture you have selected into six or eight equal squares. Cut the image in such a
way that when you join the pieces, the entire picture is in place.
 Give each child a picture and ask him or her to reproduce a copy of the image.
 After 20 minutes, ask the children to bring their drawings together and join them to see if
they are able to recreate the picture.
 They can make changes to their work if needed, for a final reproduction as accurate as the
original one.

Tips To The Facilitator


Give the children papers with squares of the same sizes to draw on each. Ask the children to
draw the piece of their puzzle within the box. This will ensure that the images are consistent in
size.

[ Read: Indoor Games For Kids ]

2. Sneak A Peek
Image: Shutterstock

This game is about memory and recreation of something as a team and it is best played indoors.

How it helps:
The game focuses on communication between team members. It also teaches them to be open to
other people’s perception.

Materials:
 Building blocks – you will need as many sets as the number of teams
 Space for kids to work

Number of participants: Three or four teams of four kids each


Time required: 15 minutes
Instructions:
 Create a structure using building blocks, without the kids seeing it – you can do it in
another room and bring it to the kids.
 Give each team one set of blocks. Show the structure you have created.
 One person from each team comes and takes a peek at the structure – they have ten seconds
to look at it and memorize it.
 The team member will have to explain the structure to the others so that they can recreate
it.
 If they don’t get it right, another member from the team can go and take a peek at the
structure and go back to helping the others.
Tips to the facilitator:
Create a simple and easy figure to for the kids to understand and replicate by observation and
comprehension of design.

3. Classification

Image:Shutterstock
Classification is an icebreaker game that helps them understand and accept the differences
between different people. This is one of the interesting kids’ team building games that can be
best played indoors.

How it helps:
This game teaches the kids to classify or make groups of people without any kind of
stereotyping, discrimination, or such negative aspects.

Materials: Space for kids to play


Number of participants: 12 or more
Time required: 15 minutes
Instructions:
 Divide the kids into two or three groups.
 Ask the children to tell the others about themselves – their likes, dislikes, dreams, goals,
etc.
 Ask them to classify the team into sub-groups based on the information they shared.
Groups could be based on the foods, colors, or movies they like, etc.
 By the end of the game – children will know what their friends like and that a team can be
made up different kinds of people.
Tips to the facilitator:
Explain the concept of stereotyping – the kids should not use any kind negative judgments or
prejudice when creating the sub-groups.

4. Go!
Image: Shutterstock

Go is a fun game that teaches children about non-verbal communication, especially eye-contact
while working together. It can be played indoors or outdoors.

How it helps:
Go helps children to learn about non-verbal cues and to stay alert.

Materials: Space for the kids to play


Number of participants: 12 to 15
Time required: 15 minutes
Instructions:
 Ask the kids to stand in a circle. Pick a volunteer to be ‘1’, who starts the game.
 ‘1’ makes eye-contact with one player (say 2) in the circle, and indicates them to say ‘go’.
Once she receives the command, 1 slowly moves towards the person.
 In the meanwhile, ‘2’ has to make eye-contact with another player (3) who has to say ‘go’
in time to let 2 vacate her spot for 1.
 The players have to continue the game this way, until all of them have changed places.
Tips to the facilitator:
The idea of the game is to time the commands such that each player makes space for the others
in time. The best way to explain this game is by demonstration.

[ Read: Dance Games And Activities For Kids ]

5. Group Juggle

Image: iStock
This is a fun team challenge game that little kids will enjoy. It can be played by older kids and
teens too.

How it helps:
It helps children coordinate better with one another and improves their motor coordination skills
as well.

Materials:
 10-15 Lightweight balls
 This game can be played indoors (room with a high ceiling) or outdoors.

Number of participants: Ten


Time required: 10 minutes
Instructions:
 Divide the kids into two groups of five each.
 The groups stand in a circle, facing each other. Give them the balls and ask them to juggle
them in a specific order.
 Start with two juggling balls and introduce more slowly – this makes the activity more
challenging for the group.
 The group that can juggle the balls for the longest time, without dropping them, wins.

Tips to the facilitator:


Use lightweight balls or soft balls to prevent injuries to the kids.

[ Read: Group Games For Kids ]

6. Tallest Tower
Tallest tower challenges kids to build the tallest possible tower they can with whatever is
available around them. This game can be played indoors.

How it helps:
This game encourages the children to get creative in what they use to make their tower the
tallest.

Materials:
 Books
 Tins
 Blocks
Anything else that is unbreakable can be used in building the tower.

Number of participants: 15
Time required: 15 minutes
Instructions:
 Divide the children into three groups of five each.
 Give them the needed material for building their tower – they could also use other items in
the room, with your permission, to complete their tower.
 On ‘go’, the teams start building a freestanding tower with the material.
 Give them ten minutes to complete the tower.
 The team that finishes the tallest tower first wins.

Tips to the facilitator:


Make sure there is ample space for the tower. Also use unbreakable materials for building the
tower.

7. Don’t Wake The Dragon


Image: Shutterstock

With the fun element of ‘pretend’, this is an interesting team-building game for kids. This game
can be played indoors or outdoors.

How it helps:
Don’t wake the dragon encourages kids to use their imagination to solve an imaginary problem.

Materials: Space to play


Number of participants: 12
Time required: 15 minutes
Instructions:
 The kids have to pretend that they are all residents of a village captured by a dragon, which
is currently sleeping.
 The kids can cross the village in order of their height.
 The challenge is that the kids have to arrange themselves according to their heights without
talking to each other.
 Once the kids think they are standing in the right order, they have to shout “Boo!” at the
dragon and see if it works.
Tips to the facilitator:
The facilitator can be the dragon who decides if the order is right and the children can cross the
village.

Whether indoor or outdoor, team building games for kids makes them energetic and active all the
time.

Team Building Exercises For Kids


Some of these team-building exercises focus on certain skills like communication, cooperation,
creative thinking, strategizing, etc.

[ Read: Communication Games For Kids ]

8. Just Listen
Image: Shutterstock

Just Listen is an activity that encourages kids to listen without interrupting or judging. This game
is best played indoors.

How it helps:
Encourages listening, comprehending, and accepting another person’s view.

Materials:
 Index cards with different topics
 Space to sit

Number of participants: Ten


Time required: 30 minutes
Instructions:
 Divide the kids into teams of two.
 One kid has to pick a topic blindly and talk about it for two minutes.
 The other child will have to listen and recap what his partner has said at the end. There is
no debate, agreement, or criticism in the recap.
 They switch roles and repeat the process.
Tips to the facilitator:
Pick topics that the kids can relate to and talk about without difficulty.

9. Build A Bridge

Image: iStock

Build A Bridge is a slightly complex team building activity that is ideal for middle and high
school kids.

How it helps:
The activity teaches kids how to communicate clearly and effectively while enabling them to
solve problems in a creative way.

Materials:
 Newspapers
 Masking tape
 Straws or craft sticks
 Plastic pipe or tubes
You could also use a Lego set for the activity.

The activity should be conducted indoors, with a lot of space where the kids can work.

Number of participants: Eight (even number)


Time required: 45 minutes
Instructions:
 Divide the group into two teams of four each.
 Give each team the material to make the bridge.
 Each team has to make half of the bridge and connect them and complete the design. The
trick is to do it without looking at what the other is doing.
 The teams have to rely on their communication skills to try to make identical halves that
can be joined.
Tips to the facilitator:
You can ask the teams to choose from simple designs for starters.

10. Zoom
Image: iStock

This is a simple activity about developing a story.

How it helps:
This activity enables the kids to use logical skills to complete a short story.

Materials:
 Images that depict a story – you can take comic strips from newspapers or magazines.
 The activity should be conducted indoors, with space where the kids can work.

Number of participants: 10 to 12
Time required: 15 minutes
Instructions:
 Each player gets an image that is a part of a story.
 The kids should not show or discuss the images with the others.
 Once everyone has their own image, they have to come together and put them in the right
order to finish the story.
Tips to the facilitator:
Pick a story that does not go beyond 12 or 15 images.

You can also make this a competitive activity.


11. Bus Stop

Image: Shutterstock

This is a cool icebreaker that helps kids to know each other better. This team bonding activity
can be conducted indoors or outdoors.

How it helps:
It enables the children to express their opinion freely and accept that others do not necessarily
share the same views. It also helps build their decision-making skills.

Materials:
 2 ropes
 Space to play, without obstacles

Number of participants: 10 to 12
Time required: 20 minutes
Instructions:
 The kids will have to stand in between two ropes on either side – these ropes act as the
buses.
 The kids have to stand in a line facing the instructor.
 The facilitator will read a word pair, like day/night, book/TV, walk/run, listen/talk, cat/dog,
etc.
 Kids have to jump to the bus on the left if they associate most with the first word in the
pair, or the right bus if they associate with the second word.
 They have to make a choice of which bus they will board in less than two seconds after the
word pair is read aloud.
Tips to the facilitator:
Prepare the setting ahead – place the ropes at an equal distance from where the kids stand.

12. Coin Logo


Image: iStock

This is a creative team-building activity for all ages. The activity is best conducted indoors.

How it helps:
The activity encourages brainstorming to come up with a commonly accepted idea or design.

Materials:
 Coins
 Paper
 Pencil

Number of participants: 9 to 12
Time required: 30 minutes
Instructions:
 In a bag, put different types of coins and ask each kid to pick one coin.
 Create groups of three and tell the kids to use their coins as inspiration to come up with
ideas for their own coin logo.
 The kids have to design a logo in 20 minutes and then explain what the logo stands for.
Tips to the facilitator:
Ensure you have coins of different denominations, if possible from different countries, for this
activity.

13. Night Trail

Image: Shutterstock

This is a fun activity with lessons in communication, trust-building, and cooperation. This
activity can be conducted indoors or outdoors.

How it helps:
The activity teaches kids to learn to trust and support one another in a team. Cooperation,
awareness of risk, and sensory perception are also at play in this activity.

Materials:
 Blindfolds
 Course obstacles – Kid-friendly options like soft tires, cargo nets, blocks for kids
 Soft floor mats

Number of participants: 15
Time required: 30 minutes
Instructions:
 Divide the group into teams of five.
 Blindfold one participant from each group.
 The rest of the team should take turns to instruct their team member to navigate through the
obstacle course and reach the finish line.
 The activity can be repeated with each player taking a turn at the course.

Tips to the facilitator:


Prepare the setting beforehand – create a mini obstacle course for the kids inside the room. You
can also set it up outdoors, but make sure it is safe for kids.

[ Read: Trust Building Activities For Kids ]

14. The Great Egg Drop


Image: iStock

If you do not mind the kids getting a little messy to learn how to work in teams, this team
building activity should be tried. This activity can be conducted indoors or outdoors.

How it helps:
It helps in problem solving – trying different solutions to find the best deal. It encourages kids to
think out of the box.

Materials:
Soft, thick fabric, newspapers, cardboard boxes, thermocol, bubble wrap, baskets and other
material to build an egg package that can sustain a drop from a height of six feet.
Number of participants: 8 to 16
Time required: 2 hours
Instructions:
 Divide kids into teams of four each and give each team the material to build a package.
 Let them work for 30 minutes to come up with a package that prevents the egg from
breaking.In the end, each team will demonstrate the egg drop using the packages they have
made and explain how they have succeeded.
Tips to the facilitator:
You may need to have enough eggs for the activity, should the packages fail the first time.

15. Circle Of Silence

Image: iStock
This is a cool activity where players get to sharpen their listening skills and strategize to achieve
a common goal. This activity can be conducted indoors or outdoors.

How it helps:
The activity encourages creative thinking and interpersonal communication without a lot of
noise.

Materials:
 A container – metal or plastic
 Marbles
 Blindfold
 Space to play

Number of participants: Eight to ten


Time required: 30 minutes
Instructions:
 Pick one person from the group to be ‘It’.
 The other players form a circle facing each other and ‘It’ stands in the center.
 The players in the circle should slowly pass a tin box around the circle, without letting the
marbles make any noise.
 If the object being passed around makes a noise, and It can point out where the noise is
coming from, then he or she points in that direction.
 If ‘It’ gets the answer right, the person who held the tin when it made noise becomes ‘It’.
 Each time, kids can come up with ways to prevent the object from making noise.
 The activity can be played for as long as the kids are having fun.

Tips to the facilitator:


The best materials for this activity would be a tin cup and a few marbles – enough so they can
move freely inside the cup.

16. Human Shapes


Image: Shutterstock

Human Shapes is a fun and creative exercise that encourages kids to work with each other
physically and intellectually.

How it helps:
This activity encourages creative thinhttp://www.shutterstock.com/pic-471935951/king and also
allows them to use the given space in a smart way.

Materials:
 Soft mats or blanket
 Space for activity

This activity can be conducted indoors or outdoors (on clean grass or surface) but without any
obstacles.

Number of participants: 10 to 15
Time required: 20 minutes
Instructions:
This is a small group activity and can be played by the entire group together, or by smaller
subsets of the group.

 Ask the participants to spread out in the area.


 Start with individual letters like B, C, T, etc., and ask the participants to form them using
their bodies. Two or more kids can come together to form one letter if needed.
 Then, the instructor gives the team a word – it should be at least six letters long.
 Ask the participants to quickly form letters of the word using their bodies. They can try
forming the letters by standing or they can lie down on the ground – it is up to them to
decide. The objective is for the
 kids to make use of nothing else but their bodies to for the letters of the word.
 This could also be a competition between teams if you have a very large group and area.
Tips to the facilitator:
Kids may lie down on the floor to form shapes that they cannot make while standing. Make sure
that the space you choose for the activity is free from dirt and any obstacles that can be harmful
to the kids.

[ Read: Outdoor Games And Activities For Kids ]

17. All Aboard

Image: Shutterstock
All Aboard is an activity that will encourage kids to make the most of the space available,
without leaving anyone or anything out. This activity is best conducted indoors.

How it helps:
This activity improves the child’s spatial sense, goal setting, leadership, and problem-solving
skills.

Materials:
 A piece of chalk and a tarpaulin or rope
 Space

Number of participants: 8 to 15 (depending on the space available)


Time required: 20 minutes
Instructions:
 Make a big circle using a piece of chalk or rope. You could also choose another geometric
shape like a square if you want. You can also use the tarpaulin to determine the area of the
circle or square.
 Ask the kids to stand inside the circle – luggage and all. The aim is to ensure that everyone
is ‘aboard’.
 If the kids are successful, reduce the size of the circle or square and ask them to readjust
themselves so that everyone is inside.
 Do this as many times as you can, until the kids cannot fit inside the circle anymore.

Tips to the facilitator:


Make sure that you clearly demark the space that the kids have to occupy.

18. Life Highlights


Image: Shutterstock

Life Highlights is an ice breaker activity that can bring the members of a team closer. This
activity is best conducted indoors.

How it helps:
This activity enables children to talk about their memories openly, encourages them to put their
experience in words, recall specific moments, and analyze.

Materials:
 Space for the activity

Number of participants: 8 to 12
Time required: 30 minutes
Instructions:
 Ask all the participants to close their eyes and think about some of the happy, good
memories in their life. It could be something with their family, friends, or anyone in their
life. Give them a minute to be ready.
 Ask them to keep their eyes closed and narrow down the highlights of their memories –
what they think were the best ones.
 Give each child 30 seconds to talk about one of their best memories and explain why they
think it is best.
 The first part of the activity allows the children to think about their life. The second part,
which is called the review, lets their friends know them better.
Tips to the facilitator:
This is a simple activity that enables children each other, which is important if they have to work
with each other.

19. Dragon’s Den

Image: Shutterstock
The activity requires the participants to come up with creative ideas to present to the Dragon –
the teacher, parent, or the host. The activity is best conducted indoors, particularly in classrooms.

How it helps:
Dragon’s Den inspires creative thinking, encourages them to come up with the best ideas, and
boosts healthy competition as well.

Materials:
 Chart paper
 Pencils
 Markers
 Other presentation material that the kids need

Number of participants: 8 to12


Time required: 1 hour
Instructions:
 Divide the group into teams of three or four.
 The kids should come up with an innovative product that they think can make the world a
better place.
 In their presentation, they have to come up with information about
 Name of the product
 What does the product do?
 How will it make the world a better place?
 Name of their company
 Cost of the product
 Once they have the information ad design ready, they can present it at the Dragon’s Den.

Tips to the facilitator:


When conducting this activity for kids, you can use variations for the theme – it can be a drawing
or picture or a story or short play that the kids can make and present. The idea here is not to test
their business acumen, but to encourage their creativity.

[ Read: Conversation Games And Activities For Kids ]

20. Dream Car


Image: Shutterstock

Get the kids to collaborate and design their dream car. Every kid may have his or her own ideas
of a car, the trick is to see how they can combine them all and come up with a model that
everyone is happy with. This activity is best conducted indoors.

How it helps:
Dream car teaches the children about collaboration, adjustments, or compromise – making space
for another person’s ideas, creative thinking, and implementation.

Materials:
 Pencils
 Chart Papers
 Markers
Number of participants: 12 to15
Time required: 1 hour
Instructions:
 Divide the group of kids into teams of two or three.
 Give each team a chart paper, a few pencils, and markers. Give them some extra sheets or
paper to draw the designs.
 Ask each team to draw a specific part of the car – the trunk, engine, hood, doors, windows,
bumper, headlights, seats, etc. Make sure that they draw and then cut out specific parts that
can be joined to make a car.
 Ask all the kids to bring the chart paper cut outs to the center of the room and build a car
with them.
 The activity can be a lot of fun, or chaotic, depending on how the kids work with each
other in the team.
Tips to the facilitator:
Make sure you try this out yourself first – draw specific parts of the car – make cut outs and see
if you can design a car out of them. If yes, use the same list of parts to help the kids make their
dream car using chart paper cutouts.

21. Hula Hoop Pass


Image: Shutterstock

This is a fun activity that kids will enjoy playing. This activity can be conducted indoors or
outdoors.

How it helps:
Kids can work on improving their listening, coordinating, strategizing, and implementing skills
through this activity.

Materials:
 A hula hoop
 Space for kids to play

Number of participants: Eight to ten


Time required: 30 minutes
Instructions:
 Ask the kids to form a big circle.
 Place the hula hoop on one kid’s arm and then ask him to join hands with the neighbor to
close the circle.
 Now, the child with the hula hoop has to find a way pass on the hula hoop to the next
person, without letting go of the next person’s hands.
 The goal is to pass the hula hoop around the circle and bring it back to where it started.

Tips to the facilitator:


This is a fun activity that can be replicated for younger or older kids, or even adults.

Team-building is a skill that is not hard to master. It is all about developing interpersonal skills
and applying the same rules when dealing with more than one person. What’s more, your kids
will not only learn, but also remember the importance and essence of teamwork when they learn
about it through these games, activities, and exercises.

Have more team building activity ideas for kids? Share it with us in our comments section.

Buzz groups
 Class size: any
 Time frame: 3-10 minutes
 Setting: no limitations
 Purpose: generate ideas/answers, re-stimulate student interest, gauge student
understanding

Description: These groups involve students engaging in short, informal discussions,


often in response to a particular sentence starter or question. At a transitional moment
in the class, have students turn to 1-3 neighbours to discuss any difficulties in
understanding, answer a prepared question, define or give examples of key concepts, or
speculate on what will happen next in the class. The best discussions are those in which
students make judgments regarding the relative merits, relevance, or usefulness of an
aspect of the lecture (Brookfield & Preskill, 1999). Sample questions include, “What’s
the most contentious statement you’ve heard so far in the lecture today?” or “What’s the
most unsupported assertion you’ve heard in the lecture today?” Reconvene as a class
and have a general discussion in which students share ideas or questions that arose
within their subgroups.

Comments: This method is very flexible: it is easy to implement in any size of class and
in most classrooms, even the most formally arranged lecture hall. Consider how to
regain the attention of a large group: turning the lights off and on is one simple yet
effective method.

Think-pair-share
 Class size: any
 Time frame: 5-10 minutes
 Setting: no limitations
 Purpose: generate ideas, increase students’ confidence in their answers,
encourage broad participation in plenary session

Description: This strategy has three steps. First, students think individually about a
particular question or scenario. Then they pair up to discuss and compare their ideas.
Finally, they are given the chance to share their ideas in a large class discussion.

Comments: Think-pair-sharing forces all students to attempt an initial response to the


question, which they can then clarify and expand as they collaborate. It also gives them a
chance to validate their ideas in a small group before mentioning them to the large
group, which may help shy students feel more confident participating.

Circle of Voices
 Class size: any
 Time frame: 10-20 minutes
 Setting: moveable chairs preferable
 Purpose: generate ideas, develop listening skills, have all students participate,
equalize learning environment

Description: This method involves students taking turns to speak. Students form circles
of four or five. Give students a topic, and allow them a few minutes to organize their
thoughts about it. Then the discussion begins, with each student having up to three
minutes (or choose a different length) of uninterrupted time to speak. During this time,
no one else is allowed to say anything. After everyone has spoken once, open the floor
within the subgroup for general discussion. Specify that students should only build on
what someone else has said, not on their own ideas; also, at this point, they should not
introduce new ideas (Brookfield & Preskill, 1999).

Comments: Some shy students might feel uncomfortable having to speak. Lessen their
fear by making the topic specific and relevant or by giving each person a relevant quote
to speak about. A variation to this method, which encourages students to listen more
carefully to each other, involves requiring each person to begin by paraphrasing the
comments of the previous student or by showing how his or her remarks relate to those
of the previous student. For this variation, students will need less preparation time
before the “circle” begins, but they may need more time between speakers.
Rotating trios
 Class size: 15-30
 Time frame: 10 or more minutes
 Setting: a fair bit of space, moveable seating helpful (they could stand) Purpose:
introduce students to many of their peers, generate ideas

Description: This strategy involves students discussing issues with many of their fellow
classmates in turn. Beforehand, prepare discussion questions. In class, students form
trios, with the groups arranged in a large circle or square formation. Give the students a
question and suggest that each person take a turn answering. After a suitable time
period, ask the trios to assign a 0, 1, or 2 to each of its members. Then direct the #1s to
rotate one trio clockwise, the #2s to rotate two trios clockwise, and the #0s to remain in
the same place; the result will be completely new trios. Now introduce a new, slightly
more difficult question. Rotate trios and introduce new questions as many times as you
would like (Silberman, 1996).

Comments: This type of group can be arranged with pairs or foursomes and works well
with most subject matter, including computational questions. It would be difficult to
implement in a large class, however.

Snowball groups/pyramids
 Class size: 12-50
 Time frame: 15-20 minutes, depending on how many times the groups
“snowball”
 Setting: moveable seating required
 Purpose: generate well-vetted ideas, narrow a topic, develop decision-making
skills

Description: This method involves progressive doubling: students first work alone, then
in pairs, then in fours, and so on. In most cases, after working in fours, students come
together for a plenary session in which their conclusions or solutions are pooled.
Provide a sequence of increasingly complex tasks so that students do not become bored
with repeated discussion at multiple stages. For example, have students record a few
questions that relate to the class topic. In pairs, students try to answer one another’s
questions. Pairs join together to make fours and identify, depending on the topic, either
unanswered questions or areas of controversy or relevant principles based on their
previous discussions. Back in the large class group, one representative from each group
reports the group’s conclusions (Habeshaw et al, 1984; Jaques, 2000).

Comments: This method takes time to unfold, so should be used only when the concepts
under discussion warrant the time. Also, depending on the amount of time allotted,
students may feel that certain nuances of their discussions are lost.
Jigsaw
 Class size: 10-50
 Time frame: 20 or more minutes
 Setting: moveable seating required, a lot of space preferable
 Purpose: learn concepts in-depth, develop teamwork, have students teaching
students

Description: This strategy involves students becoming “experts” on one aspect of a


topic, then sharing their expertise with others. Divide a topic into a few constitutive
parts (“puzzle pieces”). Form subgroups of 3-5 and assign each subgroup a different
“piece” of the topic (or, if the class is large, assign two or more subgroups to each
subtopic). Each group’s task is to develop expertise on its particular subtopic by
brainstorming, developing ideas, and if time permits, researching. Once students have
become experts on a particular subtopic, shuffle the groups so that the members of each
new group have a different area of expertise. Students then take turns sharing their
expertise with the other group members, thereby creating a completed “puzzle” of
knowledge about the main topic (see Silberman, 1996). A convenient way to assign
different areas of expertise is to distribute handouts of different colours. For the first
stage of the group work, groups are composed of students with the same colour of
handout; for the second stage, each member of the newly formed groups must have a
different colour of handout.

Comments: The jigsaw helps to avoid tiresome plenary sessions, because most of the
information is shared in small groups. This method can be expanded by having students
develop expertise about their subtopics first through independent research outside of
class. Then, when they meet with those who have the same subtopic, they can clarify and
expand on their expertise before moving to a new group. One potential drawback is that
students hear only one group’s expertise on a particular topic and don’t benefit as much
from the insight of the whole class; to address this issue, you could collect a written
record of each group’s work and create a master document—a truly complete puzzle—on
the topic.

Fishbowl
 Class size: 10-50
 Time frame: 15 or more minutes
 Setting: moveable seating and a lot of space preferable; if necessary, have inner
group stand/sit at front of lecture hall and the outer group sit in regular lecture
hall seats
 Purpose: observe group interaction, provide real illustrations for concepts,
provide opportunity for analysis

Description: This method involves one group observing another group. The first group
forms a circle and either discusses an issue or topic, does a role play, or performs a brief
drama. The second group forms a circle around the inner group. Depending on the inner
group’s task and the context of your course, the outer group can look for themes,
patterns, soundness of argument, etc., in the inner group’s discussion, analyze the inner
group’s functioning as a group, or simply watch and comment on the role play. Debrief
with both groups at the end in a plenary to capture their experiences. See Jaques (2000)
for several variations on this technique.

Comments: Be aware that the outer group members can become bored if their task is
not challenging enough. You could have groups switch places and roles to help with this.
Also note that the inner group could feel inhibited by the observers; mitigate this
concern by asking for volunteers to participate in the inner circle or by specifying that
each student will have a chance to be both inner and outer group members. Although
this method is easiest to implement in small classes, you could also expand it so that
multiple “fishbowls” are occurring at once.

Learning teams
 Class size: any
 Time frame: any
 Setting: no limitations
 Purpose: foster relationships among students, increase confidence in
participating

Description: For this type of group, students are divided into groups at the beginning of
the term. When you want to incorporate small group discussion or teamwork into your
class, you direct the students to get into these term-long learning groups. Groups of four
work well, because each foursome can be subdivided into pairs, depending on the
activity.

Comments: Students get to know a small number of their classmates well over the
course of the term, and may come to see their team mates as study partners even outside
the classroom. Using learning teams eliminates the time it takes to organize students
into groups each time you wish to use group work. However, because students will be
working with each other over an extended time period, be very careful about how you
assign them to groups. Have students submit data cards about themselves at the
beginning of term, possibly even completing a short personality inventory. You might
want to ask them also to suggest the names of two or three classmates with whom they
would and would not like to work.

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