Table 2-2. Aid Flows from DAC Countries by Type (US$ million and % of total) 1989-90 Official Development Assistance” 49,232 1. Bilateral grants and grantsike flows: 29,066 Technical co-operation 10,642 Developmental food aid” 1,641 Humanitarian aid? 934 Debt forgiveness 2,466 Administrative costs 1,900 -L_ Bilateral loans 6,634 3. Contbutions to multilateral institutions: 14,300 UN. 3842 fc 3,005 IDA 473 Regional development banks‘ 2,159 59% ny 2001 52,435 33,522 13,602 1,007 3,276 2514 2,964 1,602 1731 5,325 4,946 3,599 1491 4% 26% % 6% 5% 6% BL 2005 106,777 83,109 20,926 837 8720 24,963 4,065 576 24,644 5451 9,258 4807 2,096Table 2-3. ODA by Major Purpose, 2006 Dac EC World Bank Social and administrative infrastructuce 34.9 42.8 30.6 Education” B.7 S.4 5.0 of which: Basic education 2-9 1.8 2.2 Health 47 4.3 68 of which: Basic health 2.9 3.1 5.1 Population & reproductive health 44 1.0 1.9 Water supply and sanitation 4.0 67 6.2 Government and civil society Bo 22.0 7.9 Other social infrastructure/service 4.5 3.3 2.8 Economic infrastructure 14 15.3 28.4 Transport and communications a7 10.3 17.0 Energy 3.9 49 9.6 Other 28 on 18 Production 48 144 6.6 J Ageiculture 29 3.5 6.0 Industry, mining, and construction 0.8 6.8 06 Trade and tourism wt a4 = Multi-sector 5.8 12.3 3.8 Program assistance Bt 7.9 28.8 Action relating to debt” 22.6 7 o4 Humanitarian aid 6.9 13.0 on Iministrative expenses 40 7-3 = G) Mnchades students Awww occ, nd trainees. (b) Includes forgiveness of HON-ODA debe. rEsdaraoced/S 2/11/1893 15Defining Aid Bi a 0 Rosalind Eyben: aid as a transfer of knowledge and ideologies as well as financial resources. OG Umumnya Aid ada dua jenis: Economic Aid and Military Aid) © Pada tahun 1981: CIA mendukung kelompok pemberontak (contra armies) di Nikaragua) yang menyebabkan kejatuhan rezim pada masa itu ~~ Di AS, lebih dari setengah bantuan ekonomi (termasuk bantuan makanan) terkoneksi dengan Economic Support Fund (ESF); yang secara formal tersubordinasi dengan militer AS dan lembaga yang berkaitan dengan pencapain tujuan tujuan strategis ASoo According to the DAC, ODA is oC (So 0 defined as those flows to countries... of the DAC List of Aid Recipients (developing countries) and to | multilateral institutions for flows to... aid recipients which are: i. provided by official agencies, including | state and local governments, or by their executing agencies; and ii. each transaction of which: a) is administered with the promotion of the economic development and welfare of developing countries as its main objective; and b) is concessional in character and conveys a grant element of at least 25%.2 eo ee 2 Thus, ODA is a combination of grants and loans 3 Grants come mostly from bilateral channels, the UN, NGOs, and private charities © The proportion of grants has been increasing and is currently almost 90 percent of ODA. © The World Bank, the IMF, and some of the UN programs provide loans | _& Kombinasi loans dan Grants; The World Bank, the IMF, and some of the UN programs provide loans © bilateral organizations have provided grants in combination with World Bank loans for economic adjustment loans as well as projects