Size reduction, or comminution, is an important step in the processing of many
solid materials. It may be used to create particles of a certain size and shape, to increase the surface area available for chemical reaction or to liberate valuable minerals held within particles.
The size reduction of solids is an energy intensive and highly inefficient
process: 5% of all electricity generated is used in size reduction; based on the energy required for the creation of new surfaces, the industrial scale process is generally less than 1% efficient