CEOR REVIEWER

Prelims
I. Trivia:

 Geodetic Engineers are also called surveyors. Every horizontal approach is under the work of GE.
 Plumbers take in charge to every vertical work.
 Civil Engineers are the prime professionals.
 Materials Engineer 1 allocates a project cost of less than Php 20 million.
 Materials Engineer 2 allocates a project cost of Php 20 million and above.
 Foundation is the lowest load-bearing part of a building.
 Continuing Professional Development Law by Trillanes.
 Engr. Cynthia L. Posadas (H505) – Dean of SEA
 Engr. Elaine R. Rivera (H505) – Associate Dean of SEA
 Engr. Winston V. Abobo (H412A) -Department Head of CE Faculty
 Engr. Abram Job Guanzon (H106B) – CEOR Instructor
 SIRIB – SLU Incubator for Research, Innovation and Business

Otto Hahn Building Directory Rooms
(floor)
1st (1) Ice Plant Room, (2) Foundry Room, (3) Materials Testing Laboratory, (4) Boiler
Room, (5) CE/GE Faculty Room
2nd (1) ME Department, (2) Mechanical Shop, (3) ME Faculty Room, (4) Carpentry Shop
3rd (1) EE Laboratory, (2) Department Head’s Office/ECE Laboratory, (3) Digital Signal
Processing Laboratory, (4) EE Faculty Room
4th (1) CE Faculty Room, (2) Mining Engineering Laboratory, (3) GE Faculty Room,
(4) Department Head/ Soil Laboratory, (5) PICE-SC, (6) Buttress Office
(Official Publication of SEA), (7) Fabrication Laboratory (Fab Lab)
5th (1) Mechatronics Room, (2) Dean’s Office, SEA (3) Associate Dean’s Office, SEA,
(4) AVR, (5) Engineering Urban Planning Research Lab
6th (1) IE Methods Ergonomics Lab, (2) IE Faculty Room
7th (1) Architecture Faculty Room

 RA 544 – An Act to Regulate the Practice of Civil Engineering in the Philippines or Civil Engineering Law (June 17, 1950)
 RA 545 – An Act to Regulate the Practice of Architecture in the Philippines or Architecture Law (June 17, 1950)
 Difference of an engineer and an architect using RA 544 and RA 545:
 Only engineers can sign engineering plans and only architects can sign architectural plans.
 An architect focuses more on the artistry and design of the building, while the engineer focuses more on the technical
and structural side.

II. Code of Ethics (from the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers or PICE)

a) Fundamental Principles:

Civil Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of the Civil Engineering profession by:

1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare and the environment.
2. Being honest and impartial (unbiased) and serving with fidelity the public, their employers/employees and clients.
3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of civil engineering profession.

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 4. Supporting the professional and technical societies of their discipline.

b) Fundamental Canons:
1. Civil Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall strive to comply with
the principles of sustainable development in their performance.
2. Civil Engineers shall perform services only in areas of competence.
3. Civil Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Civil Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client and shall avoid conflicts of
interests.
5. Civil Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete
unfairly with others.
6. Civil Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity and dignity of the CE
profession.
7. Civil Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and shall provide
opportunities for the professional development of the civil engineers under their supervision.

III. 12 Areas of Specialization within Civil Engineering

1. Construction Engineering
 Deals with planning, construction and maintenance of structures
2. Environmental Engineering
 Study of environment, friendly designs sewage management, pollution and their treatment.
3. Geotechnical Engineering
 Study of soil, foundations, bearing capacity, etc.
4. Structural Engineering
 Deals with the structural analysis and design of structures
5. Transportation Engineering
 Deals with planning, construction, and management of transportation facilities
6. Water Resources Engineering
 Deals with design and construction of hydraulic structures like dams, canals, water, distribution
system, etc.
7. Surveying
 Deals with surveying and levelling of lands using various instruments, mapping, pollution and their
treatment.
8. Municipal Engineering
 Works with urban or city governments on the planning and management of the township.

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 9. Coastal Engineering
 Deals with the coastal and marine structures that includes groins and embankments.
10. Tunnel Engineering
 Responsible for the planning, designing, construction, safety and maintenance of tunnels.
11. Earthquake Engineering
 Study of the seismic forces and earthquake resistant.
12. Material Engineering
 Deals with the study of material strength, properties of materials used in construction and
ceramics.

I. TRIVIA

 Case in a reinforced steel structure where the steel will fail first. UNDER REINFORCED
 Type of force parallel to the conic section. SHEAR FORCE
 Type of force exerted by supports. REACTION
 Concrete has no capacity to resist this type of force. TENSION FORCE
 Force that acts perpendicularly to the cross section. AXIAL FORCE
 In a reinforced concrete structure, these are the reinforcements. REINFORCED STEEL BARS
 The only type of deep foundation. PILES
 When steel is exposed to water, it may CORRODE.
 Type of support that resists vertical and horizontal forces only. HINGE
 Type of shallow foundation that has several columns in it. MAT/RAFT FOUNDATION
 Shear resistors in a concrete beam. STIRRUPS
 Actual force that is opposite to tension. COMPRESSION/COMPRESSIVE FORCES
 Type of rotation that causes bending in structures. MOMENT
 Structure Loads:
1. Dead Loads – not moving
2. Live Loads – moving
3. Wind Loads
4. Earthquake Loads
 Two Stresses:
1. Compressive Stress
2. Tension Stress
 Kinds of reinforcement:
1. Under reinforced – less steel
2. Balanced – equal amount of steel and concrete
3. Over reinforced
 Where concrete should be rightfully poured. ZERO SHERE/ ZERO MOMENT
 Walls that retain different forces. RETAINING WALLS
 A part where they investigate the soil from piles to pile cup. HARD STRATA
 There is LESSER STIRRUPS under column in a concrete structure.
 Types of Footing:
1. Isolated Footing – 1 column
2. Combined Footing – 2 columns
3. Mat Foundation – a lot of columns

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 II. Introduction to Structural Engineering

STRUCTURAL STEEL CONCRETE

COST:
- Cheaper because the materials come from recycled; A992 - Price remains relatively consistent
Steel - Requires ongoing maintenance and repairs, meaning added
- High initial cost, no manpower cost costs
- High labor costs
STRENGTH:
- Extremely strong, stiff, tough, and ductile - Composite material (cement, sand, gravel, water)
- Leading material used in commercial and industrial building - High compressive strength, but lacks tensile strength
construction - Must be reinforced with steel rebar to increase structure’s
tensile capacity, ductility and elasticity
FIRE RESISTANCE:
- Noncombustible-material, but when heated extremely, it’s - Naturally fire-resistant because of the materials used
strength compromises
- International Building Codes (IBC) requires steel to be
covered in additional fire resistant
SUSTAINABILITY:
- Nearly 100% or 90% recyclable - The elements are natural to the environment causing less
- Long lifespan harm to the environment
- Creates a minimal impact on the environment - Concrete may be crushed and used in future mixtures
VERSATILITY:
- Easily revised - Not easily revised
- Flexible material that can be fabricated into a wide array of - Although it can be molded into different shapes, it has
designs for endless applications limitations when it comes to floor-to-floor construction
- Strength-to-weight ratio is high heights and long, open spans
- Offers many different aesthetic options
CORROSION:
- Steel corrodes when in contact with water - Water-resistant and will not corrode
- Reinforced steel bars inside should not be exposed, if
exposed, it may corrode and compromise the strength of the
structure

STEEL STRUCTURES REINFORCED CONCRETE

Advantages
- Super quick to build as a - Analysis approach and
lot of work can be pre-
fobbed at the factory
- Ease in repair and
rehabilitation or retrofitting
- Faster erection of the
structure
- Flexible which makes
them good at resisting
dynamic forces such as
wind or earthquake
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Disadvantages
assumptions should be
quite clear and definitive
- Time required to design
connection is more as
compared to RC
- Cost (especially in India)
is high for structural steel
compared to RC
- Skilled laborers are
required
- Steel can soften and melt
with exposure to high
temperatures. However,
with the addition of
Advantages Disadvantages
- It can endure very high - Due to more dead weight,
temperatures from fire it is less used in high-rise
- It can resist winds of more buildings
than 200 miles per hour - It can be crushed and
and perform well under recycled but the recycled
the impact of flying debris material cannot be used
- Concrete requires no
for new building, therefore
additional fireproofing
the scrap value of
- Requires minimal energy
in transporting to building concrete is almost nil
sites because it is locally - Not good enough for
sourced tension forces
- No excessive
In seismic zones, it is less
maintenance
preferred due to its brittleness
 - Can bend without passive fire protection Not much money is invested and no flexibility leading to
cracking, which acts as a such as spray-on on labors direct damage of the structure
warning in seismic zones fireproofing, structural
- A wide range of ready- steel buildings can sustain
made structural greater temperatures
sections is available, - Prone to corrosion in
humid or marine
such as I, C and angle
environments, therefore,
sections
they need consistent
- They can be made to take maintenance
any kind of shape and
clad
- A wide range of joining
methods is available such
as bolting, welding and
riveting
- Steel can be recycled
(new steel made from
scrapped steel uses about
1/3 of the energy
necessary for steel from
virgin materials

APPLICATIONS
Steel Structure Reinforced Concrete
Most often used in: - Ideally suited for the construction of floor and roof slabs,
- High-rise buildings because of its strength, low weight, columns, and beams in residential and commercial
and speed of construction structures
- Industrial/Warehouse buildings because of its ability to - Ideally suited for water retaining structures like ground
create large span spaces at low cost and overhead tanks and hydraulic structures like gravity and
- Residential buildings in a technique called light gauge arch dams. The material is widely used for the construction
steel construction. of large does for water tanks and sports stadiums and
- Temporary structures as these are quick to set up and conference halls.
remove. - A typical use of reinforced concrete in earth retaining
structures includes abutments for bridges and retaining
walls for earthen embankments
- Reinforced concrete grid floors comprising beams and
slabs are widely used for covering large areas
- For aircraft hangers, RCC shells comprising of thin circular
slabs and deep edge beams
- In coastal areas where corrosion is imminent
- For warehouses in coastal areas, RCC trusses are
preferred to steel trusses
- Reinforced concrete piles, both precast and cast-in-site
have been in used for foundations of structures
- RCC is also used in the construction of pavements for
highways and airport runways.

III.
 3 steel sections

1. I Sections
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2. C Sections
3. Angle Sections

 3 topnotchers in CE Faculty

1. Engr. Renato Tandac (3rd place, 1982 CE Boards)

2. Engr. Jose Cacdac (2nd place, 1981 CE Boards)
3. Engr. Alberto Talco (7th place, 1979 CE Boards)

IV. DIAGRAMS and PROBLEM-SOLVING

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 TRUSSES

STRIP FOOTING

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