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Combined footing is a special case of spread footing. Combined footing are used if columns are so
close to the property line that single column footings cannot be made without projecting that line
and if some adjacent columns are so close to each other that their footing would merge. In designing a
combined footing the resultants of column loads must coincide to the centroid of the footing area to
prevent eccentricity. Depth is usually based on either wide beam shear or diagonal punch
tension. First criteria, determine d based on wide beam shear with d obtained checked diagonal
tension for three conditions:
SECTION
d ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
F1 F2
Lc
PLAN
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SUMMARY STEPS
1) Determine column loads appropriate for considerations of settlements. These consist of dead
loads plus only a portion of live load specified for design of column.
2) Using the resultant of the loads in step one, select the plan dimension of the footing to obtain a
uniform soil pressure that does not exceed the pressure appropriate for this condition of loading.
3) Using the column load specified in the building code (without load factors) and the plan dimensions
determined in step two, calculate the corresponding soil pressure. If the maximum soil pressure
under this loading exceeds the value considered appropriate for this condition of loading , the
width of the footing must be increased whereas the position of the centroid must remain unchanged.
4) Compute the soil pressure beneath the footing corresponding to the column loads multiply
by appropriate load factors.
5) Draw shear and moment diagrams for the footing when it is subjected to the maximum of
step four.
6) Using step five as the basis for design, determine the depth of the footing and the necessary
amount of reinforcing steel at appropriate locations.
where d is the depth of footing, M is the moment in Inch Kips and Fc is the cylinder strength
of concrete at ultimate.
ld = 0,02fydbfc’ or 0.0003fydb or 8 “
P1 P2
⇩ L ⇩
SECTION
d
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
P1 P2
Lc
B PLAN
F1 F2
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SHEAR DIAGRAM
MOMENT DIAGRAM
REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS: Foundation Design By Soil Mechanics In
Foundation Analysis & Gregory Chebotariof Engineering Practice By
Design By Joseph Bowles Charles B. Peck
PROGRAM DISCLAIMER: Any use of the programs to solve problems other than those
displayed is the role responsibility of the user as to whether the output is correct or correctly
interpreted.
FOOT COMB Is a computer program that sizes and designs a Combined Footing by US.D.
analysis in English units. Computer finds the dimensions L & B, determines shear and moment
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equation and plots on the monitor screen shear & moment equation. Computer solves the
depth of footing for both wide beam and checks the depth d obtained for diagonal tension.
Draw negative steel between column one and two. Designs steel reinforcement in short
direction in accordance with the A.C.I. code of 1977 and checks steel reinforcement ratio
within A.C.I. code allowable. Checks bearing pressure on top of footing and the required
development length in feet all in close conformity with A.C.I. code of 1977. The program is
written in advance basica language and can be feed to programmable calculators, personal
computers. Can be easily incorporated to the E. REVIEW CENTRE OF UC – BCF.
BASIC COMPUTER SYMBOLS
+ ADDITION ^ RAISED TO THE POWER
- SUBTRACTION SQR SQUARE ROOT OF THE NUMBER
MULTIPLICATION * GOTO = JUMP LINE NUMBER
400 STOP
410 REM Design of negative steel between column one
and two
running”
690 BREAK
700 STOP
705 REM A sub routine one Computation of steel areas
710 IF (144*D^2-2.61*M/(FC*12))<0 THEN 715 ELSE 730
715 PRINT “Depth of stress rectangular block is imaginary
not possible review given data”
720 RETURN
725 STOP
730 A = 12*D-SQR(144*D^2-2.61*M/(FC*12))
735 AS = M/(0.90*FY*(12*D-A/2))
740 P = AS/(144*D)
750 PN = 0.2/FY
755 IF P>=PN THEN 770
760 IF P<PN THEN 790
770 AS1 = AS
780 GOSUB 800
790 AS1 = 144*D*PN
800 AST = AS1
810 RETURN
820 STOP
890 REM Computation of development length
900 LA = LU*12-3 39.79 Inches
905 PRINT” Select bar diameter in inches”:DB 0.785 Inch
910 LB = 1.2649*3.1416/4*DB^2*FY/FC^.5 26.29 Inches
*** Note simplifying further line no 910
910 LB = 0.99345246*DB^2/FC^.5
920 LC = 0.4*DB*FY 21 Inches
930 IF LA>LB THEN 960
940 IF LB>LC THEN 990
950 GOTO 1010
960 IF LA>LC THEN 970
970 LD = LA
980 GOTO 1020
990 LD = LB
1000 GOTO 1020
1010 LD = LC
1020 LE = LD
1025 PRINT “Development length=”;LE;”Inches”
1030 FC1 = 0.85*0.7*FC 1.785
1040 PC1 = W1^2*FC1 257
1045 PRINT “Actual load on top of footing=”;PC1;”Kips”
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