3.

DRY DENSITY

01.Apparatus

 Cylindrical metal measure: 1litre(1000ml) Capacity

 Laboratory Balance
 Drying oven (1050C-1100C)
 Cans
 Trays, Scoop;

02. PROCEDURE

2.1. Determination of moisture content,W(%)

 Discard all coarse particles of sand sample

 Clean properly the 3 cans and record their numbers
 Weighing each can; record the mass M1
 Put about 100g of wet sand sample into the can
 Record the mass of can+ wet sand; record the mass M2
 Put the whole assembly in the drying oven.
 Leave it for 24hours at 1050 C-1100C.
 After, remove the can with dry sand and let it cooling in air
 Weighing the can +dry sand and record the mass M3
 Determine the mass of dry mass sand only Mdry=M3-M1
 Determine the mass of wet sand Mwet =M2-M1
 Determine the mass of water contained into wet sand Mw=Mwet - Mdry
 Determine water content w(%)=(Mw/Mdry)x100; expressed in %

2.2. Determine of bulk density, ρ

The bulk density of sand (ρ) is calculated as follows:

ρ = (M2-M1)/V

ρ=MS/V; expressed in g/ml or g/cm3 (1ml=cm3)

When MS =Mass (weight) of sand in (gr)

V=Volume of container (ml or cm3)

03. RESULTS

The Dry density is calculated as follows

ρd = ρ/1+W;expressed in g/cm3
Where ρ=Bulk density (g/cm3)

W= Water(moisture) content of sand; expressed in rain

04. Data collection

 Determination of moisture content ,W(%)

S/N Can No 12 45 128

1 Mass of can,M1
2 Mass of can+ wet sand (g)M2
3 Mass of wet sand only Mwet (g)
Wwet =M2-M1
4 Mass of can +dry sand (g)M3
5 Mass dry sand only Mdry
Mdry =M3-M1
6 Mass of water Mw= Mwet - Mdry(g)
7 Moisture content(%),w
W(%)=(Mw/Mdry)x100
8 Average water content Wav (%)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

01. APPARATUS

 Density bottle or pycnometer

 Water bath(270C to 290C)
 Drying Oven of 1050C to 1100C
 Laboratory Balance
 Glass rod
 Scoop ;trays…

02. Procedure

 Clean the density bottle properly

 Drying the sand sample in drying oven for 24 hours at 1050C-1100C
 Wiping the density bottle with a piece of cloth
 Weighing the mass of density bottle+ stopper and record the mass M1
 Remove the sample from oven; let it cooling in Air and sieve the sand sample with 200 micros
diameter sieve
 Pouring about 50g-75g of dry sand and weighing the bottle +dry sand + stopper and
 Record the mass M2
 Check the Mass of sand Ms=M2-M1
 Pouring the distilled water in the density bottle up to ½ capacity (half)
 Pouring about slowly about 50g-75g of dry sand in the density bottle
 By using glass rod, mix the sand with the distilled water
  Add water up to the rim and place the stopper
 Weighing the whole assembly and the mass M3
 Empting the density bottle, clean it and refill it with distilled water
 Weighing the density bottle+ distilled water+ stopper; record the mass M4

03. RESULTS

The Specific Gravity Gs is calculated as follows

Gs=(M2-M1)/[(M4-M1)-(M3-M2)](no units)

Gs=Ms/[(M4-M1)-(M3-M2)]

Where: M1=Mass of density bottle+ stopper(g)

M2=Mass of dry sand (g)

M3=Mass of density bottle+ sand+ water+ stopper

M4=Mass of density bottle+ distilled water +stopper

04. DATA COLLECTION

S/N Density bottle No 1 2 3

1 Mass of bottle +stopperM1(g)

2 Mass of bottle+ dry sand +water

+Stopper M2(g)
3 Mass of bottle+ dry sand +water
+stopper M3(g)
4 Mass of bottle +Water only+ stopper
M4(g)
5 Specific Gravity GS(no unit)
6 Average Specific Gravity GS(av)