• MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION – VI

• ASSIGNMENT – 1
• TYPES OF ADMIXTURES
• ANTI – WASHOUT ADMIXTURE :
• What is Anti washout admixture?
• Anti-washout admixture of concrete for underwater concreting is produced as a viscosity
modifying admixture to enhance the rheological properties of cement paste. It mainly composed
of microbial polysaccharides for example gum or polysaccharide derivatives for instance
hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
• It is demonstrated that, the Antiwashout admixture is substantially influential in enhancing the
cohesiveness of concrete that is poured underwater and in danger of washout or segregation
due to surrounding water.
• Moreover, it is by far the most utilized admixture in large repairing and placement applications.
The Antiwashout admixture is also called viscosity improving admixture, and it is occasionally
employed to create self compacting concrete.
o Advantages :
o It is added to concrete mixture to be able to place it underwater without facing
segregation and bleeding. As the amount of anti-washout admixture is increased the
rate of dispersion of concrete is decreased which is an advantage during concreting
underwater

o Disadvantages :

• The most outstanding disadvantages of anti-washout admixture is decreasing strength and

modulus of elasticity based on concrete batch design, water to cement ratio, amount of added
anti-washout admixture and its type.
• It is reported that, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete containing
anti-washout admixture ranges between 75-100% and 80-100% of that of concrete without anti-
washout admixture, respectively. Consequently, small amount of reinforcement bars may be
increased in reinforced concrete member.

o Dosage of admixture :

o The amount of Antiwashout admixture which is required to be added to concrete

mixture is specified based on required flowability, depth of the underwater placement,
horizontal flow distance, water to cementitious materials ratio and the quantity of
cementitious materials to be utilized.

o Classification :

• Class-A Anti-Washout Admixtures

• Water soluble synthetic and natural organic admixture which improve the viscosity of the mixing
water. The ranges of this class applied are between 0.2 to 0.5% solid by mass of cement.Anti-
washout admixtures containing cellulose ether, pregelatinized starches, carageenans,
polyacrylamides, polyethylene oxides, alignates, carboxyvinyl polymers, and polyvinyl alcohol
are examples of the Class A.

• Class-B Anti-Washout Concrete Admixtures

• It is organic flocculants which can dissolve in water and absorbed by cement particles, and
consequently it enhances viscosity by increasing attractions between cement particles.The
dosage is between 0.01 and 0.10% solid by mass of cement. Examples of Class B are Styrene
copolymers with carboxyl groups, synthetic polyelectrolytes, and natural gums.

• Class-C Anti-Washout Concrete Admixtures

• It is emulsions of different organic material that not only improve attractions between particles
but also provide extremely fine particles in the cement paste. The amount of Class C anti-
washout admixture that is usually added it ranges from 0.10 to 1.50% solid by mass of cement.

• Paraffin-wax emulsions that are unstable in the aqueous cement phase, acrylic emulsions, and
aqueous clay dispersions are examples of Class C anti-washout admixture.

• Class-D Anti-Washout Concrete Admixtures

• These are large surface area inorganic materials which rise mixture capacity to retain water. The
dosage range employed is 1-25% solid by mass of cement. Examples include bentonites,
pyrogenic silicas, silica fume, milled asbestos, and other fibrous materials.

• Class-E Anti-Washout Concrete Admixtures

• It is inorganic materials which provide extra fine particles to the mortar pastes. The mount of
the Class E that is added is between 1 to 25% solid by mass of cement.Fly ash, hydrated lime,
 kaolin, diatomaceous earth, other raw or calcined pozzolanic materials, and various rock dusts
are examples of Class E Antiwashout admixture.

• Principal Considerations for Anti-Washout Concrete Admixtures

• There are number of practical considerations which need to be considered when anti-washout
admixture is added to concrete mixture.

• The most significant consideration may be the amount of concrete mixture need to be dealt
with and the capacity of the mixer that is utilized. This is because of the anti-washout admixture
increase viscosity of fresh concrete substantially and thus the load of fresh concrete increases by
25 to 50 percent.

• In many circumstances, high range water reducing admixture is added in combination with anti-
washout admixture to decrease the water demand of concrete mixture, which is increased due
to the addition of anti-washout admixture, and hence maintaining flowability.

• The high range water reducing admixture increases the setting time that is why types and
dosages of high range water reducing admixtures need to be considered.

• Capacity of the pump is another consideration that needs to be dealt with because on one hand,
high dispersion resistance blockage is possible to occur in pump lines if issues are came across
within the pressure transmission tube during pumping pressure period.

• On the other hand, because of large viscosity of concrete mixture, pressure transmission
resistance is increased by 2 to 4 times that of conventional concrete.

• This Grouting Admixture is available in gray powder which is added to

water for smooth paste. These products are used for filling and sealing
cut outs. Thesegrouting materials are very high strength in application
for rehabilitation works. It consists of chemical resistance properties.
• Normally, it is assumed that since the concrete masonry units are highly absorptive,
water will be drawn out of the grout during placement. This, in turn, will reduce the
water to cement ratio, resulting in grout with excellent bond and compressive
strength.

Corrosion-inhibiting admixtures increase the passivation of reinforcement and other embedded

steel. ... The function of this type of admixture is to enhance the long term durability of
reinforced concrete by enhancing passivation to the cathodic and/or anodic areas of embedded
steel.

FOUR TYPES OF CORROSION INHIBITORS Anodic inhibitors Cathodic inhibitors Mixed inhibitors.
Volatile corrosion inhibitors