aight Department of Chemical Engineering ‘Unit Operations (ECH 3053) - Laboratory Exercise Te ao ET weeeRae | # [tte [erin sen | comet | e008 [mem —— = mace [om rT) Instore ET Awad Osman ‘Note: Stents are expected 10 refain fom all forms of academe dishonesty a8 defined in the cllge pois ‘andes explained and defined by college policies and procedures and dreton from teachers other college personne. The wok eludes all gues, bls, cleuations, data and text, Pease noe ony reports that nce {Signed coverseet wil be grade, Foran | Ce |__ Posse mars ‘Obtained Marks | | fod 4 Teal wars 10Bak ‘Experiment 5: To determine the distribution coefficient for the system organic solvent-propionie acid: water and show its dependence on concentration. Objectives: 1. ‘Toobserve the effect of change in flow rte toward the performance of the extraction process. I To determine the distribution coefficient forthe sytem organic solvent propionic acd- water and show its dependence on concentration. 2. Materials & Equipment ‘© Liguid-Ligud extraction unit © Bakers Measuring cylinders Conical flasks 2. Introduction Liquid- Liquid Extraction is the proces of extracting a solute from a feed by use of a solvent to produce an extrac separation unit analogous toa single stage flash in distillation, The choice of solvent is eitical in cfecting 4 liquid-tiguid extraction, Factors affecting the choice are Density, Viscosity, Interfacial ‘Tension, Volatility, Stability, Crrosively, Toxicity and cost. da raffinate, In is simplest form, it may take the guise ofa single stage mixing and ‘Asin distillation its frequently impossible to achieve the separation required by use ofa single stage nit and a mulistage units required, Sot may require more than one stage of Hiqud-iquidl extraction in order to achieve the degree of separation required. It is possible to achieve this by removing the extract and making the raffinate the feed to another iguid-iquid extraction unit using fresh solvent “This equies a considerable amount of solventto be used and as in distillation itis more usual t employ uipment where a countercurrent Now of one phase aginst the ater occurs. In tis experiment, @ single stage extraction is used. Below are the liquid-liquid extraction column usd in his experiment. {mn liquid-liquid extraction, two phases must be brought nto contact to permit transfer of material and then be separated, Extraction equipment may be operated batch wise r continuous The extract isthe layerof solvent plus extracted slut and the rafinat isthe layer from which solute hasbeen removed. “The extract may be lighter or heavier than the affinate, and so the extract may be shown coming from top of the equipment in some cates and from the bottom in others. The operation may of course be repeated if more than one contact is required, but when the quantities involved are large and several contacts are needed, continuous flow becomes economical a aA general extraction column has two input steam and two cuput streams. The input steams consist ‘ofa solution feed at the top containing the solute to be extracted anda solvent feed at the botiom which extracts the solute from the solution, The solvent containing he extracted slut leaves the 1p ofthe column and i referred to asthe extract stream, The solution exits the bottom ofthe column containing only small amounts of solute and is known as the raffnate, Further separation of the output trams may be required through other separation processes,In dilute soltions at equilibrium, the concentration of the solute in the two phases {s called the sdsribationcoeticient or disibution constant Kak ‘Where the Y¥ and X are the concentrations of the solute in the extract and the raffinate phases respectively. The distribution coefficient can also be given asthe weight fraction ofthe solute inthe ‘wo phases in ealibrium contact: Keyths ‘Where + isthe weight fraction ofthe slut in the extract and x isthe weight fraction of the solute in the raffinate “The rate at which a soluble component is transferred from one solvent another will be dependent, among other things, on the are ofthe interface between the two immiscible iquids. Therefor itis very advantageous for this interface tobe formed by droplets and films, the situation being analogous to that ‘existing in packed distillation column, Procedure 1) 100ml of propionic asi is aded ito 10 liters of the organic phase. The mixture is mixed well ensure an even concentration. Then the organic phase feed tanks filled with the 2) The evel control tothe bottom of column i itched. 3) The water fed tanks filled with 15 Lot clean deionized water then the water feed pump started while the column i Filled with wate thigh low rate 4) The flowrate is reduced to 0.21 Limin asthe water is above the top of packing. 5) ‘The metering pump is started and the flowrate was ett 021 Lin (6) The extraction column is run for 15 minutes util steady condition is achieved. 7) Then 15 ml samples ftom fed, raffinate and extract stream ae taken '8) Each 10 ml sample are virated agains 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution using ‘phenolphhaleinas the indicator, 5. Experimental Data Resi (03 Mi 0 % Concentration of J Raiate 77 Feet L™ | ] NaOH (M1) / eiMNaoH | Li Btn C_| 04025 MI NaOH,‘Volume of NaOH (mL) ‘Concentration of ‘Volume of Propionic [Cer Bottom] NaOH (M) ial) | Cand) | ecmenasy qe re = ; 7 aunt Ls = 2 or = Z| osx Sas 37-8 2 - Water Mow rate = 0.3 Linn Organi flow rate = 03 Limin Packing cimension: length = 2s, Dianewr=S0mm , A. S228 Finding distribution coeffi 1 kewe ‘Whore ¥: conconatin of sole in extract phase 2: eoncentation of solute in affine phase. 2 Hinding Mass TansferCoeficient (MTC): ate of Acid Transfer, Volume of Packing x Mean Driving Force Rate of acid transfer = Ve (¥s-0) Vo0%%) fo 0-0) Volume of Packing: (Known/Fixed aave ‘Log mean diving frce= (AXi-AXa) / In (AXWAX:) ‘Where; AX Driving force a the top ofthe column = (Xs-0) _AXz: Diving fore atthe botom ofthe column = (X:-X*) ‘1 Distribaion coefficient For 01M of NaOH Fer 0025 M of NaOH nt of propionic acid Lollom epee) — Upper c¥) bottom (%) ‘Upp (%) Mi MiVi=MV2 MiViEMGVz | MV=MbVa 2R)ER Slee Lae G-026aBF 9224 ey Ma lob pr Mae 484 4 3 4 2. 8inl of ropone acd vom Un) Ure) atom x pps - ‘MiVi=MiV2 MiVi=M2V2 (MiVi = MbV2 2.9m3.20% propionic cid opect) Upc oxo) Upper MiVi=MiVo | MiVy Ou P6) 28x ey 1277: MVi= MV ee Sum / Myaois207 Mi=o‘6, Discus the importance ofliqudiqud extraction processes in chemical engineering. (02 Marks) 8. List down the factors while choosing liquid-liquid extraction solvent? (01 Mark) Tempe oer oT Siaetasane ie panei eT"9 Dirweion and Conclusion (02 Marks)