Get medium Department of Chemical Engineering “Unit Operations (Ect 3055) - Laboratory Exercise ‘To emie ie ditibuion SeTE Tato er tee 5 __|tetrey tate | fie en ae en pret owe Cote ett 30s3 | coune ise Uni Opraon Tem 201880 [dae 25 Foe 2019 Note: Stadents are expected to refan from all forms of academic dishonesty as defined in the college pies and as explained and defined by college policies and procedures ad directions from racers o ther elle personnel The workinclde al figures tables, caleultons, dt nd ext. Plese note ony reports hat ince 2 Sioned cover sheet wil be graded Proce ] Questions Possible Marks | Obtained Marks Tots 10ani Experiment: acid: water and show its dependence on concentration, 1. Objectives: |. Toobserve the effect of change inflow ate towards the pesformance ofthe extraction proces To determine the distribution coefficient for the system organic solvent propionic acid- water and show its dependence on concentration 2. Materials & Equipment ‘© Liguid-Ligud extraction ut + Beakers Measuring cylinders Conical flasks 3. Introduetion| Liquid-Liquid Extraction ithe process of extracting a solute from feed by use ofa selvent to produce an extract and a rafinte. In ts simplest frm, it may take the guise ofa single tage mixing and separation unit analogous t single stage ash in distillation. The choice of solvent is critical in effecting a liquid-liquid extraction, Factors affecting the choice are Density, Viscosity, Interfacial “Tension, Volatility, Stability, Corosively, Toxicity and cost [Asin distilation itis frequently impossible to achieve the separation required by use of a single stage nit and a multistage unit is quired. So it may require more than one stage of liquid-liquid extraction in onder to achieve the degree of separation required. It is possible to achieve this by removing the extract and making the rafinte the feed to anther “This requires aconsiderable amount of solvent tobe used and sin sillation tis more wsualtoemploy iquid-iguid extraction nit using fresh solvent. ‘equipment where a countercurrent flow of one phase against the other occurs. In this experiment, single stage extraction is used, Below are the Iiqud-iqud extraction column used inthis experiment. In iguid-iquid extraction, two phases must be brought into contact to permit transfer of material and ten be separated. Extraction equipment may be operated bach wise or continuous The extract isthe the ayer from which solute has en removed “The extract may be lighter or heavier than the rafiate and so the extract may be shown coming fom, layer of solvent plus extracted solute and the raffnate top ofthe equipment in some cases and fom the bottom in others. The operation may of course be repeated if more than one contact is required, but when the quantities involved re lage and sever contacts are needed, continuous flow becomes economical THT‘A general extraction column has two input seam and two output sireams. The input steams consist ofa solution feed athe top containing the solute to be extracted and x solvent fee atthe bottom wich ‘extracts the solute from the solution, The solvent contining the extracted solute leaves the top ofthe column and is referred tas the extract steam. The slaton exits the hitom ofthe column containing only small amounts of solute and is known asthe rffnae, Further separation of the outpot steams ‘may be required through other separation processes, Figure I. Liqui/Liquid Extraction Unit Tarvin tpesn Save ae tee ag nie oe eee eT otIn dilute solutions at equilibrium, the concentation of the solute in the two phases fs called the istibationcoefiient or distribution constant ‘K’. kevx ‘Where the Y and X are the concentrations of the solute in the extract and the affinate phases sesyectvely. The distribution coefficient can also be given asthe weight fraction ofthe solute inthe two phases in equibeium contact Raye ‘Where y*is the weight ration ofthe solute inthe extract and xis the weight fraction ofthe solute in the rfnate “The rate at which a soluble component is transfert fen one solvent to anther will be dependent, ong oer things, on the sre ofthe interface between the two immiscible iguids. Therefor itis very advantageous for thisinterface to be formed by droplets and films, the situation being analogous to that ‘exiting in packed distillation columns, 4. Provedre 1) 100ml of propionic acid sade imo 10 Hers ofthe exganie phase, The mixtre i mined well to ensure an even concentration. Then the organic phase feed tanks filed withthe 2) The level contol tothe bottom of column i switched 53) The water fed tank s filled with 15 Lof clan deioized water then the water feed pump started while the colura is filled with water at high low rae. “The lowrate is reduced to 0.21 Limi asthe water is above the top of packing. 9 '5) The metering pump is stated and the flowrate was set © 0.21 L/min, 6) The extraction column is run for 1S minutes uni steady condition achieved. 7) Then 15 mi samples from food, afinate and extract stream are taken, 8) Each 10 ml sample are tated agains 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution using ‘henoiphhalein asthe indicator. ‘perimental Dla & Re08 Mag)“ gue ore So OO hui Coneeiraton ot | Rais Feed i rac NaOH (M)_ | OAM NaOH 0025 MNsOHAN [ Concenian of | Volume Propane NaOH eM [sae (KnownfFized) a 7 3 ss a os out § L Vv LT tos J Lhd 2 ae 5 ors" pa Sf en es > a ‘Water fow ae = 03 Urin Cnpii ow re =03 Lain asm 2 m Packing dimension gh =L.2m ae an 0 or Dianeter= 500m, a Bit det 1 kev » ‘Where Y: concntton fe in ext pase 0.025) wanting rg) (3 V4) [ 2. finding Mass Transfer Coefficient (MTC): Rate Ald Transfer a * Iycume of Packing x Mean Drlving Force Rate of acid transfer = Vw (1-0) Y Verb L Vo XK) = Ve (¥-0}une Log mean driving orce= (AX: AN.) / In (AKAN) ‘Where; AX: Driving force at the top ofthe column = (X-0) XX) AX: Driving fore at the botom ofthe colt ‘1 Distribution coeficient For QM of OH For 0025 M ef NeOH 1. tat of proponte aid imme) Urner) boro 0) ppc) MiVvi= Mav; / MV MVi= M27 MV = Ms Dee ZL osces : wh 0850 ~ Mae Me VO Mew — o viK BS TE 2. Rea of propionic acid umes) Urer(®) sertom 00 MivieNivs MiVi=MV MVi=M8V2 ope ae3.207 of propionic acid a Umer) mi, Mivi=Mava ett (X) MiVi = MV Uper¥) Mis = MaVe‘6. Discus the importance of liqui-iqui extraction processes in chemical engineering. 02 Marks) exe 8. Lbt down the factors while choosing liquid-liquid extraction solvent? (01 Mark) Dews' ty . R viscoh itt G) _. Cvapericnren Vnker facia Teraion Ve Sati St4 statu Lith Cox VOAIVEL Toxicit coat Ttsesoe eerie nae ea aN eT9, Discussion and Conclusion (03 Marks) \ ay 4 Fai chloro echy Lene :