VERB TENSES /' by if ‘A. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, using either the present perfect or past tense simple as appropriate. This is the first time I (visit) Germany. On my visit to the school, I (be) pleased to see that many students (know) how to handle computers. This is the best program I ever (design). Jane (live) and (work) in Paris for several years now. For five years from 1980 to 1985, Mary (live) in New York, already (read) one hundred pages and so I expect to finish the book by the weekend. Yesterday I (work) for six hours and (complete) ten reports. Sharon is only ten and already she (pass) two piano exams. Although I (know) Kate and John for many years now, I never (understand) what (attract) them to each other. 10, I never (be) so pleased as when I (hear) Anna had recovered from her illness. Pe awe B. Put the verbs in the correct form. 1, Mary (type) all day and still not (finish) the report, 2. Doctor, I (get) lots of aches and pains. (Be) anything wrong? I (be) terribly worried. 3. John just (complete) a course in engineering and now (want) pursue his studies by (take) a Master’s degree. 4, For some years now Samantha (believe) strongly in reincarnation and (try) to persuade her friends to come round to her way of thinking, but they (be) still not convinced. 5, Kate (think) of going on a three-month trip to China next year and (wonder) for some time if any of her fellow students (like) (accompany) her. 6. While mark (spend) the last few months working hard at his studies, his sisters (concentrate) their attention on how to get their new business off the ground. 7. Tt (ook) as if oil (leak) from this pipe for some time. We (have ) to dismantle the machine if it (be) (be put right). 8, [ not (want) to go to the supermarket again at the moment. I (prefer) t wait till the end of the month, when I (can) do all the shopping in one go. 9, “You (go) to the Tower of London?” “No, not yet. I (want) to go ever since I arrived in London, but something always (come) up. [ (hope) (zo) sometime soon. Perhaps you (like) (come) with me?” 10. The constant humming from the word-processor (give) me a headache. I (have ) to take an aspirin. 11. This candidate (look) very promising. Just think about his experience. He (live) in Hong Kong, Australia and the USA and (work) for a number of multinational companies. I (think) we definitely (interview ) Rewrite each of the following sentences using either if or wish. him. 12, There (be) a terrible storm last month and several trees (fall down). The telephone lines(bring down) and some still not (be fixed). Roads ( be blocked) for several hours. Several homes (suffer) damage to their roo!’s and chimneys that (be) very expensive to repair. 13. L asked John last week to find out this information, but he still not (do) so. I (have) (ask) him again. ala14, Lisa (complain) about her husband for ages. I not (be) surprised that he (leave) her. What she (do) now, on her own? 15. I (try) for ages to reach you. Where you (be)? 16. Someone (try) get in through the kitchen window during the night. If you (look) carefully, you (be able) see the marks. 17. The police (question) the suspect for several hours, but so far they not (get) any new information from him. 18, Everyone (be) excited about the news of the wedding and (think) about what they (wear) on the big day next month, 19, The flood water (breach) the new dam and villagers now (flee) from the floo. 20, News from the earthquake zone (be) that over two hundred people (be ) injured. Help (be) urgently required. C. Complete the sentences with the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs in brackets. 1. Since he (move) to France his French (improve) a lot. 2. He (become) an ardent wine lover since he (live) in France, 3. No doubt greed and jealousy (exist) as long as mankind (do). 4. Since I (know) her she (always use) the same old battered handbag. 5. I (always wear) lat shoes since I (fall) off a pair of platform shoes and (sprain) my ankle. 6. Since we (be) neighbours he (never even offer) me a cup of tea. 7. Lam sure he (never clean) the car as long as he (own) it. 8. I (become) a much better cook since I (be married) to a chef. 9. She (only leam) to cook since she (get marrie. 10. Since they (be) here they (never stop) complai 2. D. Complete the gaps by writing the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets. Choose from the following tenses- present simple, past simple, past continuous, present perfect simple, past perfect simple and future simple. In 1990, we knew our place. Since then, ordinary people (J-fearn) to unite in common cause, and parliaments and palaces no longer (2-monopolise) politics. The twentieth century, perhaps more than any other, (3-be) the century of the activist, when political initiative passed to the streets and Flashes of popular involvement (4- exist) in previous eras but only in localized or short- lived forms. But by 1900 the spread of industry, ideology and voting itself (S-lead) to the democratization not only of the forms of government, but also of participation in the political process. In Britain the suffragettes (6-epitomize) this change. Their struggle for votes for women (7-involve) techniques- from demonstrations and lobbying to acts of self-sacrifice and civil disobedience — that (8- remain) a template for mass campaigning to this day. But activism (9-6e), more than anything, a creation of the working class movement whose power (J0-swell) in the years around the First World War. By the 1930s, millions across the world (1- join) a network of trade unions, co-ops, workers" libraries and socialist or communist parties. At the same time, Hitler and Mussolini, (12- fashion) an inverted parody of these movements with their own mass parties, women’s, youth and labour organizations. The left-wing activists later (J3-play) an important role in the armed resistance movements in Nazi-occupied Europe, ‘The immediate political impact of 1968, the 20" century's ultimate year of activism, (14-be) less significant than the wider spirit of revolt it (15- fuel) for a generation, The civil-rights activism of Martin Luther King and others (16- already defeat) racist segregation in the southern US states. In aethe wake of 1968, campaigns on race, gender and the environment, (17- multiply) while the peace and anti-nuclear movements (28-peak) in the early 80s. By the 1980s, activism directed towards wider political change (19- begin) to decline, as resurgent market ideology (20-seek) to convince people they were consumers first, citizens second. During the 1990s, political activism (2/-grow) even weaker and more fragmented, Nowadays the word activist (22-become) a term of abuse, even within social-democratic parties built on activism. It (23-remain) to be seen if once again as so ofien before, politics (24-become) a specialized function reserved for elites, or whether forcing the genie of political participation back into the bottle (25- prove) to be an impossible task. E. Complete the second sentence with three to eight words so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. 1, He'll be getting promoted soon .LONG It won't .....promoted. 2. He doesn’t stand a very good chance of winning the race on Saturday, UNLIKELY In the race on Saturday, he .... first. 3. When he refuses to work overtime, I'm certain there'll be problems. BOUND, His ....create problems. 4. Scientists are very close to discovering a cure for cancer. VERGE Scientists ....a eure for cancer. 5. [have to renew my licence next month. DUE My licence ....next month. 6. Everyone thinks the sale of the house will be complete by the end of the week. EXPECTED The house ..,.by the end of the week. 7. [think Carol is unlikely to pass her driving test at the first attempt. WHETHER I .... her driving test at the first attempt. 8. I'm certain that Mary will come to the party tonight. SURE Mary .... to the party tonight. 9.1 can’t chat now, as I’m on the point of departing for the T can’t chat now, as I’m .... the airport. 10, ['ve ordered a taxi and I expect it will be here any minute now. DUE ‘The taxi .... arrive any minute now. 11. Please note that all guests must leave their rom key at reception when they leave the hotel ARE All... their room key at reception when they leave the hotel. port. LEAVE, 2 each of the blanks with a suitable word or phrase. At this rate, we're .... exhausted by the time we finish, ‘The minute the train .... standstill, get on and try to find a seat. By next December, he .... working there for eighteen months. They claim to be on .... of achieving everything they set out to do. We're just about .... the house when Sue called wpeNe H. Complete the gaps by writing the appropriate form of the verb in brackets. Choose from Present simple/continuous, going to+ verb, future simple/continuous, future perfect simple. -3-It happens every October. I'll be sitting on a train on a rainy Friday aftemoon and | (I-look) up and see that everyone else in the carriage is old enough to be my mother. Some of these women (2- glance) glance at their watches and sighing a lot, as if to brace themselves for an ordeal. Others (3- already be) on duty for the school half-term holiday. They (4-have) two or three school-aged children with them, the younger ones settled with colouring books and crayons and matching bags, of crisps. And, as always, I (S-feel) like saying to one of them “Would you like to come and be our grandmother too?” You see grandparents, (6-fall) into two categories these days -the doting and the disappearing. Some of the doting ones (7-pick) their grandchildren up from school everyday. Others are on duty less frequently but are quite happy to drop everything and rush round to baby-sit when their working daughter or daughter in-law (8-phone) them at 8 am to say that a grandchild is, sick. But that is only half the story. Not once in my 22 years of working motherhood have either my parents or my in-laws offered to baby-sit. When asked why they say “We (9-see) too many of our friends being taken advantage of. They raised their own families and now they (10-bring) up their grandchildren, By the time they are seventy, they (J-spend) half their lives looking after children. My children (22-agree) entirely. In fact, that’s why they (I3-appreciate) most about their ‘grandparents- they are so much fun. They (14-not treat) their grandchildren like burdens or mouths to feed, but like fascinating friends. When they can squeeze in a visit, they (15-play) Monopoly with the children with real enthusiasm or get out a globe to show them all the countries they (16- visit) on their next holiday. As [ write this, my own parents (17-fravel) in a the Far East on a month’s holiday and my children (J8-look forward ) to getting postcards from Thailand., Singapore and Indonesia. | am resigned to the fact that they (19-never be) grandparents of the doting variety. But | (20-admire) their verve and hope that I will be as adventurous as they are when I reach their age. Jf 1. Rewrite each of the following sentences beginning with the words given. Negotiations for a settlement have been in progress for over two months now. They.... Journalists have attacked the minister’s policies several times. The minister's policies have. His sarcasm was plainly obvious to all but a few people in the room. The fact that. Political talks are already underway to bring peace to the region. Politicians have Shortly before his eighteenth birthday he left home to go to university. By the .... ‘That house has been up for sale for over a year now. They .... oeeeRe Fill each of the gaps in the following sentences with a suitable word or phrase. know I should trust him but I can’t .... he’s cheating us. From these inconsistencies, I'd say your accountant .... records up to date lately. He thinks ....point by arriving late, but everyone in the office just thinks he’s lazy. Ive... over, and I’m afraid I'll have to reject your offer. ‘They were drinking lots of champagne, so they .... a celebration Is it midday already? I can’t believe I've spent the whole .... dishes. T'm afraid he .... up debts of over 20,0008 already this year! can’t believe she .... me lies all this time. PN SNR N Oe L, Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form using either the past continuous or simple past tense. . Kate (live) in France when she (meet) the man who later (become) her husband. When John (hear) the job he (want) (be) his, he immediately (invite) his colleagues out for a celebration. 7‘When the liner (hit) the iceberg, most of the passengers (have) dinner. 1 (can) not accept Richard’s invitation to dinner because I(go) to the theater that night. Try as we might it (be) impossible to manoeuvre our sailing boat out of the harbour. The wind (blow) too hard, It (be) a horrible day. Everything that (can) go wrong (do). The chitdren (get) up late. The cat (be) sick. The car not (start). [just (want0 to give up. 7. The clock just (strike) twelve when she (come) back from the ball. 8. ‘The manager not (be) available. He (travel) to @ meeting in Edinburgh 9, Lisa not (ride) in the horse trials, No one (be) surprised when she later (announce) she (expect) ababy. 10, It (be) a fabulous day. The sun (shine), the birds (sing), the countryside (look) lovely. pee a M. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form using the present perfect simple or continuous as appropriate. I (Jove) Tom all my life. 1 always (want) to travel around the world. How many times I (be asked) why I live in the country? Doctor, I (have) trouble with my hands for months. What’s wrong? He (have) headaches for two months. They suspect a brain tumour. You don’t know what vita means! How long you (study) Latin? I (try) to get you on the phone for over a week. Where you (be)? “Jane’s looking very fit.” “Yes, she (go) to exercise classes” ._ “Who (take) my pen?” 10. “Who (sleep) in my bed? She asked, looking at the rumpled sheets. SEI ARE N. In the following text decide whether the underlined verbs are in the best tense. I don’t like to admit to disliking anyone, but I have to confess that there is one of my classmates ‘who I am particularly disliking (1). We have studied (2) together in the same class for the last few years and T begin (3) to feel that I have been having (4) enough. It is not that he is an unpleasant person- in fact in other circumstances T am feeling (5) sure that we would get on fine. It's just that ‘when you have sat (6) next to someone for so long in such an artificial environment as a classroom, you find (7) that the smallest thing can start to get on your nerves. I thought (8) about this only the other day after the person in question — let us cal him Tom, though that is not his real name — had been trying(9) to help me with an exercise in our textbook. was realizing (10) immediately that he really wasn't knowing(11) what he talked (12) about. This was not a problem but what annoyed 13). me was the fact that he refused (14) to listen to my explanations. The exercise was consisting 25) of reading a text and answering questions on it and I am not thinking (16) that he had_been reading (17) the text. I didn’t know what to say. I was going to tell (18) him to stop being so stupid but that would have been sounding (19) rude. So in the end I just sat (20) and said nothing, O. Use the word in bold to link the sentences and put the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense. The mistake (discover) yesterday. She (deny) all knowledge of it. WHEN I finally (win) the lottery. | (play) it for thirty years. BY THE TIME She (overcome) her initial reservations. She actually (enjoy) the concert. ONCE His latest novel (publish) last week. Tens of thousands of pounds (spend) on promoting it. BY THE TIME 5. She (check) all the safety catches on the windows. She (not go) to bed. UNTIL Rene GeP. There are eight mistakes with tenses in the following short text. Find and underline them. When I had been a little girl, my brother and I were going every New Year to stay with grandma and grandpa in their mysterious old cottage by the sea. Like many other houses in the village it had been rumoured to be haunted. One particular evening, a couple of days before New Year's Eve, the house was bitterly cold and rather gloomy because it was snowing heavily all day. All of us had been sitting around the fire in the living room listening to one of grandma’s favourite stories, when suddenly there was a tremendous crash from upstairs, All our thoughts turned to the ghost she had been telling us about and we looked at each other in horror. When we galloped up the stairs, however, we discovered that the branch of a tree was snapped in the wind and smashed one of the bedroom windows. I will always remember the expression on grandma’s face. “I was never so scared in my life!” was all she could whimper.ee eae @ Tick (/) the sentences that are correct. Correct those that are not. 1 Do you think Vicky’s always known the truth about us? 2 That's been the second time you've forgotten to post something for me 3 Thaven't seen Peter since he begins seeing his new girlfriend. 4 Ever since we met, you never asked me what I prefer to do 5 In all my life, I never spoke to someone who is quite S so stupid 6 [don’t think Paul &nd Carol have seen much of each other of late 7 This is the only occasion that I've seen him swearing ate 8 Since he’s lived here, he was usually excremely friendly. 9 They'll join us after chey'l get a bite to eat, 10 He says he hasnt yer come to a final decision Tae etre only cecauan tat Tve seen ‘ben wearing 3 te © Fill each of the gaps in this passage with one suitable word. ve often (1) that Stefan’s success as a teacher is due to his ‘eccentricity as much as his knowledge of the subject, From the first time he ever (2) into a classroom, students have always loved him. They've probably (3) ‘met anybody who displays such an extraordinary mixture of enthusiasm and great personal warmth, It @ also probably the first time they've (5) somebody who always wears a leather jacket and a scarf even at the height of summer. © it each of the gaps in this passage with one suitable word “When did you lly beginto feel at home here?" Paul asked, "Oh, you've (1) re there!’ John replied, ‘Let’ Just say you ‘won't fel you truly belong until YOU'VE (2) anne. Out With Your colleagues and then made it up several times. Over the summer I've 3) it with all of them countless times, often over quite trivial things. I've lost (4) of the times I've said to myself ~ That’ itt {ve had (5) ! But | come back the next dey, time ater time. {ve often (6) why Ido, As far asthe boss goes, just wait unsil ‘you make a major mistake. Your colleagues will go “Oooh, now you've a 1" oF “Um, that’s (8) AR", and the boss comes in and just smiles at you. Taen you'll know you've (9) Ie. Then you'll defintely have (10) 7 i Harel (4) PRESENT PeRrecr ill each of the blanks with a table word or phrase. Example: I'm not going to go out again unl the storm has blown. over. 1 Tl phone him just as soon as typing all these levers 2. looked for thac book everywhere bur I'm afraid... across it yet. 3 This isnt the first time he away from home. 4 Lspoke to Sylvia lase night: she sounds... had a hard time recently 5. I went to the new pizzeria la night: it does the ..... eaten 6 Tve never understood what football so popular. 7 Since he got home from the camp, Fe sw. But sleep. 8 ve yet....... over the shock of seeing her there © complete he second EB sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given, You must use between three and eight words, including the word given, 1 It's almost a year since I stopped smoking. up I ago. 2 Nobody has had sight of the boat for two days last ‘The boat ewo days ago, 3 Immediately we finish this, we'll Join you. we'll finished this. 4 Bergkamp’s goal is the most ‘extraordinary I've ever seen, yet Tve an extraordinary goal as Bergkamp'sOTHER PERFECT FORMS BET Oren of te a with suitable word or phrase. @ Match the beginnings (1-8) with a suitable ending (a-h). Example: All the best things will Memeo have gone if we don't get to the sale (0 Aker I'd finished teachin 4 and had come ro ensute that = Gaulies that morning) the school was run eficenty, 1 1¥28 ally happy when they 1 He told me that b he had made a terrible mistake, aya eee 2 Lasked him «¢ that he wanted to enrol as a preetivitt : 3. He explained how a young student gee man had come to reception. eeepc its 4 Job had immediatly eee 4 Trae stl e mensone the oe a conference that Luu. Met 5 So, before the young manhad _ misunderstanding. had a chance to say anything, what had happened. 6 John, who was in aterrible John had given him an before. 4 By next Christmas we decorating the house. tury then left the man to it, application form, He is planin a 7 tewanvt unt he seqoned ten wondering why heookedso FE PAERIE. - . completed minutes later puzzled 6 Tes six o'docks | imagine they 8 He was actually a school (@ [found John standing outside for the airport by now. inspector my classroom.) 7 The suspect is believed eect any sentences that are unacceptable. fled the country. Oe ee 8 After he had lost his glasses, he 1 By the time he is ity, he will ive in this country for half his life tarps by cnet ie i 2. Ie’sa surprise party and they won't know anything about it until : they got here, 3 They're probably planning a quiet evening together: I know they ‘won't have guessed what we're doing. 44 The other seventy guests should be arrived before Mikis and Maria get here. 5. By the time we will have finished, everybody will have eaten and drunk as much as they can. several hours, there was nobody to meet us at the airport or transfer us to our hotel, and when we eventually dd reach the hotel, we |} discovered it had been built over a mile from the beact Your brochure carey we fl th wasnt whet we is wpe i | © Complete these sentences © Cross out and correct eight errors in this extract from a $——asing the words given, Compson. Aainh error hes slready been corected i Bragle: By thet we/ there! as : hel Denese By the time we get there he will have bad recently been on a two-week holiday with your company to the the ana of mane a 1S ont thet whe wort oly ve eve 1 Helen bound forget hod. Over Ge years AEE ray hols to Greece, oun tomorrow! my birthday. have now come to know quite well. | think 1 can safely say that, until 2 Wereathe the nex town having ‘heya of on ada wre wander for examae! dept at han nce ed spet so wea on, had rat ted etree” ee an pe over ned ut hid so much at jetrned vty sig fr ime we/ round to! hl cre sd yee Iylime werd a hie yet homens water | honesty consider st al 3 4 Apparently, his explanation been the worst holiday of my life. This is not the fault of Thassos: the i (felt/been less than satisfactory. fault lies entirely with your company whose inability to organise the . 5. Colin ougit/ phoned/ now, surely? | _ simplest thing is quite unbelievable. yeh bt oe pedal meat "beh ewan cunts EE tay tr all/ie/time you see them again. ope sts team ean een pen aCONTINUOUS Fons Lc © 4 friend of yours has Uraied«composicon bt aD © Tick (7) the correct sentence, a or b, Example: Which sentence would be said after one particular meal? a I've eaten too much. 7b I've been eating too much, 1 Which sentence refers to a temporary a That lamp sits on that able over there. B You'e siting in my seat 2 Which activity is probably not completed? a Te been writing this esay all evening. 'b I've written to him asking for an appointment. 3. Which isa gradual process? a The increase in traffic noise is becoming a real nuisance bb John becomes President of Oxford Rotary Club in July. 4 Which would you say when you loak out of the window early ‘one morning? a Icsbeen raining. b Ie was raining 5 Which is a more certain plan? a. [was thinking of spending the weekend at my sister's b I'm planning to spend the weekend at my sister's 6 You saw a colleague waiting for a bus on your way to work, Which would you say to your other colleagues when you get ta the office to explain why she was there? 4 She might have gone to see her dentist. She might have been going to se her dents. @ Match the questions (1-8) with suitable answers (8h). Why didn't you call ‘When do you think they'll be here? Why did they look so hot and sweaty? Why couldn't we use the rooms? Why are they so exhausted? Why didn’t the students respond? Why were they apprehended? ‘What time are they setting off womorrow? “They could be acriving at any moment I think they'd been working out inthe gym. “They must have been doing something wrong {was going to, but I lean forgot. “They weren't listening. Wel, chey hope co have been deving for five hours by lunchtime “They were being cleaned, ‘They've been working all day up in the atc. spoke is having difficulty with continuous verb forms and asks you to help. Tick (V) the most suitable of the ‘two underlined alternatives your friend has given you. The first has been done for you. 1 don't normally go to the cinema Not because I don't lke it but because it’s just a habit I have never {g0t into. However, on this occasion I decided (V) / was deciding to go ‘because my friends © had been sonstantly going / had constantly gone on about this fim all week and eventually wore me down. Ie starred some ephemeral Hollywood actor whom [9 had vaguely heard of / ue couldn't puta face co. We goc to the cinema eatly to find people © were slceady waiting / already waited outside, which suggested that my fiends weren't the only ones who thoughr it was worth seeing although I could stil think of several other things I would rather have beendoing / do at that moment In the end, the film ® rurned out / was nurning out to be not half as bad as expected, though I © would have preferred / would have been preferring something with a bie more action. The plot centred on two men ‘who were planning to carry out some immensely complicated robbery, though what chey didn’t now / weren't knowing was that all the time their plans ® were being closely monitored / ‘monitored by the police. Somewhat unpredictably, however, chey got away with it because they ® changed 1 were changing their plans at the Jase minute. It was okay but fm, not thinking / Ldon‘s chink of going again, 2emremene i © Tick (/) the most appropriate of the underlined words. 1 She looks very pale. I think she'll she’s going to faint. 2 T1l/ Emgoing to do that for you, if you lke. 3 Elbe /im going to be a rocket scientist when I grow up. 4 ‘Somebody's at the door” ‘Tll/ 'm going to see who itis” 5 I meed to be home early today so I Leave / arn leaving at 4.00, 6 We'll be in plenty of time providing the trafic isnot/ won't be too bad. 7 She asked if would/ willbe so kind as 10 give her a lif. 8 What sort of job do you think you will do/ will be doing in a few years’ time? 9. By the time you get back, all the food will be gone / wall go : 10 The two Prime Ministers are ta/ shall discuss the current economic crisis © Fill each of the numbered gaps in this passage with one suitable word. ‘Remember that by the terms of the contract you are (1) to leave before midday,’ the voice said. We Wes ow ts) Ma. when you rang.” about to pack “Midday, the voice repeated. i 8 i Leon the Pa packing, then lesving “That is (4)... you want to pay for another week,’ the voice continued, € "No. No. 1145) “te does say very clearly on your door that all ‘guests are (6)... vacate their rooms by midday; the voice went on, quite unnecessarily, { thought. BE. Look Ive to yout shoud, have Pk before the clock strikes twelve! I'm (8)... in less than fifteen minutes. The flies, ants and cockroaches will soon (9)... partying in a punctually vacated apartment. Have no fear: of leaving out by twelve,’ [ stammered, “Kindly remember that the new occupants (10) im ate” “ene Midday I seamed and how down the Fis, phone. ‘he FuTuFE © Fill each of the gaps in the following sentences with a suitable word or phrase. Example: 1 was just about to have a cup of coffee when Sue called LHe was on ..... resigning when the news of his promotion came through. 2 Our builder told me he smiatesals as soon as he could 3 U think we'd better leave a8 soon 4 If that litle boy carses on like that, he accident before long, 5 By the time I qualify [....... law for six years. 6 Our company is... over by & multinational © in wos ines in te folowing x, ED aoe ae tary word es eer peta tiie a ow dod tat rae Sree ieee wae ea cn aoe eer eacpa ec sssmme ery coat Fee, fia ewo hve been donc or You RIBS Wie Cate we bee leas from history, 00 eco concre what people wll are likely to be doing will eee eum ecbene feene cua eerste Sisto im at st oo ere tn ince prelate terete mara aoe nse ents wil probably have eerie ae 6 There is litde doubt that many of our inal wkce orgramed 7 activities such as shopping will have been foe 5 ete gly due couse co Srepetrnn ber whan easy how tel ec picnic ro eae eo ce what he future holds in the store. any web Ga nd epproaching iret ieee age eal eae Stone Bar ae wil 13 ere Ota ty wit ned enly Se sey ones 14 feeling low? We will find out in the not too distant future. best to gec the the bill. 2s7 a ['ve been thinking about you for some time, think about you all the time. 8 a This box is containing all the relevant documents. bb This box contains all the relevant documents, 8 a He's an idio. b He's being an idiot. 10 I need a holiday. b I'm needing a holiday. © Tre following sentences contain staive verbs ‘being used in the Continuous. Tick (7) those that are acceptable. 1 He is possessing a really remarkable collection of paintings. 2 Who is this coat belonging to? 3. She was always surprising people with her practical Jokes 4 Is that costume fitting you okay? 5 I think she's just lacking in confidence atthe ‘moment. 6 I think people are realising now that tax cuts are out of the question. 7 Tm really despising atitudes like that. 8 I don’t think the fourth conditional is existing, i 9 I think I'm recognising the lady in the red hat 10 What is this word meaning? 11 The course is great! I'm loving every minute! 12 My head is burzing 13 More and more people are preferring to stay at home for theie holidays. 14. Fm having a great time 15. Was that the door bell or am I hearing chings? © Tick (7) the word or phrase that best completes ‘each sentence, 1 After a great deal of hard work, he finally... bis ambitions. a got brealised cpossessed d deserved ‘The review committee... three practising lawyers and a retired businessman, consists b comprises c makes up d encloses Don’t worry: this is nothing that ..... you a matters Dentals e concerns complicates ‘As always, 1am... with everything you say aagree bagrecing © agreeable 4 in agreement 1... doubt whether he will actually cary out his threats ahighly deeply c absolutely d seriously Her description closely... that of a knowen cximinal ee Ee a sTanive veras aassembles b resembles ¢ dissembles d reassembles 7 1... hope there won't be a repetition of these unfortunate events. adeeply b strongly esincerely d thoroughly 8 That voice sounds ....: Fm sure I know her. aknown busual c familiar d remembered 8 He finally gor the seward he so richly owes bears cdeserves d justifies 10 I strongly... that her current enthusiasm is ‘ot going to las. athink bconclude speculate d suspect Oto the following extract from a GED composition, decide whether the ‘underlined verbs are in the best tense. Tick (7) ‘those that are acceptable and correct those that Describe someone you like or dislike | don't tke to admit to disliking anyone, but I have to confess that there is one of my classmates who [ am, articular disking (1). We have studied (2) together in ‘the same clas for the lst few years and I begi. (3) to fel ‘hat Ihave been having (4) enough le not that he is an ‘unpleasant person = in fctin other circumstances I am feeling (5) sure that we would get on fine. [cis just that when You have st (6] next to someone for so long in such an artificial environment asa classroom, you find (7) ‘hat the smallest thing can start to get on your nerves, [ ‘thoueht (8) about this only the other day after the person in question ~ let us call him George, though that is not his real name ~ had. been tring (9) to help me with an exercise in our text book 1 was realising (10) immediately that he really wasnt Knowing (11) what he faked (12) about, This was not a problem but what annayed (13) me was the fat that he sefused (14) to listen to my explanations. The exercise was consisting (15) of reading 4 text and answering questions oa it and | am.nat ‘thinking (16) that he hasbeen seading (17) the text. f didn't know wat to say. | was going to tel (18) hire to stop being so stupid but that would have been sounding (19} rude. So in the end I just sat (20) and seid nothing. v7@ Decide which word, a oF b, collocates in these sentences. 1 Tau agree with everything you said. a wholeheartedly unconditionally 2 Doesn't time .... when you're having Fun? amove by 3 The leaders claimed the meeting had been. a fruitful b prolific 4 Everyone got back safe and... after the storm. asoundly b sound 5 think I've... weight since | stopped work. a accumulated b goined 6 They're building 2 new water coast acleaning —b purification 7 House prices have ... dramatically in recent months. aascended b soared 8 The disgraced former minister has decided to polities altogether a desert b abandon plant on the © The following sentences contain collocations connected with ‘time’. Put one of the given words in each of the sentences. next time-consuming matter surely tovinkling nick smmemorial kil longstanding time 1 Lee’ leave it at that for the being and 2 Slowly but... dhe band is becoming more and ‘more popular. 3 Inthe... ofan eye the swindler had vanished, 4 i oon €0 0 time they had become the best of frends. 5 “The Whittington family have lived there since 6 Larzived in che ..... of time to prevent a potential disaster. 7 Lwandered around the city centre t0 time before my appointment. 8 Cooking good French food can be a very job, 9 They had a... agreement to keep each other fully informed of developments, 10. In 9 ooo. OF minutes the whole building had bbeen razed to the ground. COLLOCATION: AN INFRODUCTTON © Think of one word only which can EB) be used appropriately in all three Sentences In ths exercise, many of the ‘allocations are connected with ‘time’. Example: For four years ... the team won the European Cup. The film contained a... joke about the main character's digestive disorder. ‘We'd beter hurry because we've... abit late runing 1 My wateh is nu. Several minutes a day “The cat in second place is... on the leader. I think thae che chances of our... access t0 such sensitive information are slim. 2. The performance will start... on dime “The race was declared a... heat. Twas awoken in the... of night by a strange noise from outside. 3. The winning goal was scored in the seconds of the game. Yve been ...... to meet you for ages. “Throughour the world, many minority languages are in danger of ..... out completly. 4 Ym suze such practices were common in the and distane past, The judge cook a ....... view of her excuses. ¥'m afraid have only a... recollection of the 5. Early evening is normally considered viewing time by celevision bosses. ‘Asa singer, she is at the ..... of er career. As this i... season, I'm afraid flights are difficult to find 6 L think ics important to fuarure reference. Please let me know the... she arrives ‘The director asked to be Kept up £0 the... 0M any major developments 7 A heated debate has corruption in high places. She comes from a....... home but has never been ‘worried about only seeing one parent at a time. Thad a night of very ...... sleep and am consequently feeling a bit slow this morning ST chee onl Aitfau tpl peak Lt: Uy. be Agu 7 A this meeting for out in the media about OHey it / ie AO be teak Ap 18 Aye Wve @ of fork, Cuteqf 2»PAST CONTINUOUS, PAST PERFECT, HAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Complete the sentences using the Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous. Use the verb given in brackets. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1 Phey stood under the shelter Because it... (aim), 2 The roads were wet because it (cain) all night 3. He was broke. He (spend) all his money. 4 _. (have) a nightmare when the alarm went off and woke me up. 5 His hands were covered in oil because he (try) to fix the car ll morning. u ately, he {manage} to make it start. 6 Wien she opened the window she was happy to see it (snow) lightly. In fact, it {snow) all night and sn0¥" ...0.--» (cover) all the rooftops. 7 When Mrs Morgan came into the classroom, the pupils... (run) around apd sv ssusnes (Scream) at the tops of their voices. TheY eu (knock) over chairs and desks and someone (draw) funny pictures on the board. 8 Although I (set) off early, 1 got there late and everyone . (wait) for me to start the meeting; the chairperson told me they (wait) {for a whole hour, ‘When we got back from our holiday we discovered that someone ... (break) into our house. The burglars, however, (drop) a piece of paper with an address om it as they (climb) out of the window, ‘one suitable word. I each gap in this text wit DISASTER! About seventy yeats ago, a Dutch ship was (1) near the North Poe; it (2) heading for Blacklead Isiand. On the ship was a scientist, Edgar Greenhead, WHO see (3) worked on the island for many yeats? he had a... (4) conducting research into the life of the local inhabitants, who were Eskimos (Inuts). Greenhead had (5) away for a long holiday and now he Was n+ (6) back to the island to continue his work. ‘AF about midnight, Greenhead felt very tired as he had (7) writing is journal all day. After he had (6) sood-night to the captain, he (9) down to his cabin, Outside there (10) a strong wind; and the waves (11) crashing onto the side of the ship. Greenhead was just ........ (12) ready to ctimb into his bunk ven he suddenly ......f. (13) @ great crash, He dashed up on deck and although it 28 dati Re eevee (AA) see that the ship... (15) run into an iceberg. Bafore John Kennedy became President in 1960 he had said thatthe state of the country was badt when he became President he said shings were just as bad as he'd been saying they were.‘BE GDING 70, PRESENT CONTINUOUS, PRESENT SIMPLE @ Complete these sentences using be going to, will, the Present Continuous or the Present Simple, Use the verbs in brackets, U Look, that car over there (crash)! 6 Nina ofien (visit) her parents, 2 T-can’t come tonight because 1 7 Toseessnnen (be) rich one day! {stay in} to watch TV. 8 According to my diary, we --- (meet) i 3. The Prime Minister ............ (travel) to at 3pm tomorrow. L Brussels tomorrow. 9 We (win) the European Cup i 4 The match (start) at 3pm as always. ext year. i 5 Don't worry about the CFT sen 10 The National Theatre (celebrate) (phone) for a taxi its thirtieth anniversary soon. i © Pot the verb in brackets into the most suitable form of the future. What nse YOU sn this evening” (do) ‘Nothing’ Well, we to that new pizzeria?” (go) i 2 In 2004 the Olympic Games in Athens, (take place) i J Which showing do you want to gu to? The film at nine and eleven, (start) 4 Tocseonnne Work at five ~ so shall we meet at a quarter past? (finish) 5. Seven o'clock isn’t possible as 1 something else then. (do) i 6 This lesson is boring. When se nnn 2 (finish) " rsierdime the most suiwibie form of che future in the following text, AQUARIUS All Aquarians this month (1) get off/are getting off to a good start with some good news on the home front. The news (2) is helping/ will help to relax recent tensions and give yon ie ch sitell/ wilt be lots of new things on : other fronts this month, I really (4) is going tobe is being a rime of great opportunity. f '\ special person (5) shall come/is coming into your life soon - and you mustn't think his (6) is soine to be/is being just ancthes friendship A: work, you (7) are needing / will need to rise to new challenges that (8) are testing will test your character to the stmiost, ae (9) imate fare making a wrong snove, you (10) will probably regret / probably regret it. In short, this is a month which (11) will bring / shall bring many ‘opportunities but there (12) will be/ are being risks, 100, so be carefull nee to snake 2 fiesh sat. There 3 Wowan: I’m getting married on Saturday Max: Are you having a white wedding? Woman: Yes, and Poa going to wear my’ grandmother's dress, Max: And what's your grandmother going to wear? and we're having a traditional wedsing,\OUS AND FUTURE PERFECT @ Complete these pairs of sentences using the Future Simple, the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect, Use the verb given in brackets, La part in our play? You're a really good actor, we need you! (take) I know you're a keen member of the drama group. I suppose you part in the play this year. (take) 2al in London next year, still doing the same old job. (be) b1 .~- in London for ten years by next June. (be) 3a By Friday, | this new book by Marquez (finish) b JFL don’t have too much work this year, I think 1 all of Marquer’s novels. (inish) 4a This time tomorrow, Maria... on a beach in Majorca, (sunbathe) b Texpect she until she gets badly burnt ~ that’s what she did last year. (sunbathe) 5 a Don’t make too much noise after midnight ~1 .. soundly, I hope. (sleep) bb Wake me up by nine o'clock 6a We... (fly) 7a Look, [can give you a lif to the station ~ I 1b You'll be late for your train - 1 Jong enough by then. (sleep) to Australia later this summer. It’ a long flight, (ly) b It’s strange that when we get to Sydney, we half way round the world that way anyway. (drive) you to the station if you like, (drive) Fill in the spaces using the Future Simple, the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect of the verb in brackets. The first (0) is given as an example. ROSA MARIA nosa MARIA ROSA MARIA ROSA MARIA ROSA. MARIA, ROSA When shall 1.022) 12. (0 come round)? Is Thursday still OK? Well, don't come at six ~ 1 (1 work) then. ‘What time do you think you (2 be) free? Let’ se, 1 and | expect ‘Yes, because I (3 work) on the manuscript all day as I told you, (4 complete) the second chapter by about seven, OK? {5 be) quite busy at about six tomorrow as well. Pye got an appointment with my dentist and I don't think she (6 finish) much before seven. Well, we really must be getting on withthe book, you know ~ by the end of this month we far too long, (7 work on) the project for a whole year. It’s taking Yes, 1 (8 jump) for joy when it’s finished Me too. By the way, -- (9 0) neat the post office? Probably. Is not far from the dentist. You see, Ive been expecting an important parcel and I think it (10 arrive) by Thursday. If you (11 go) past there anyway, could you collect it for me? No problem. $0, (12 see) you later. Bye for now.Exam practice 1 40 Part 1 For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D ast fits each space. There is an exarnple at the beginning (0) A HECTIC TIME Example: 0 A long time B sometimes Cages D |ately Gear Trevor I know it's been ..... (0) since 1 wrote to you but I've been very busy (1) we decided to move into the country. The house in the village is not quite ready ..... (2) but as you can imagine ..... (3) the last few weeks we've had to cchase up builders and plumbers and we've .... (4) got a long way to go been such a long time since we ..... (5) work on it I've alinost forgotten how g it's been exactly. We must have started it about seven years... (6) and we've .... (7) spent @ small fortune on it. We are ..... (8) living in our rather ‘cramped flat where you ..... (9) us a few years ago but it .... (10} to get Unbearable and we... (141) to moving out. We are stil... (12) around from AZ nigh ord roe etek herve... (46) ths st week swpway. ... (45) all this was goiny on Karen fell and spiained he: ankle wich as the last thing we needed! 1A ovrytime — B ever sh ¢ D before 2 A stil B already C yet D soo 3A for Bas ¢ while D since 4A yet B already € nearly D stil 5A have started B start € did start D started 6A before B ago € previous D since 7A stil B not © ahead D yet 8 A already B stl € yet D longer 9 A were vistirg B have visited — C iad deen ’sited B visited 10 A begin Bis begiming begins D begin 14 A have looked B looked foward C will look forward Dare looking forwacd forward 12 A tush B rushed € mushing D be rushed 413A and B into c til D through 144 during B from cin D while 3a # dade costae u‘ExAM PRACTICE + Part 2 For questions 16-30, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0) FUTURE SHOCK Who lL... (0) win the election? Where (16) the best new jobs be found next year? Will plans to set up a colony on the moon (17) ahead and will ‘ordinary members of the public... (18) taking vacations on the maon? What FE suse (19) 10 be the most successful electronics products of 2008? How will the Internet ....... (20) changed not only ousiness but people's ves (21) the middle of the 21st century? Will the government (22) back hanging for mass murderers? Famous futurist Avin Toffler will be (23) these and other questions about the future when his new weekly TV Programme ..... (24) in the new year. Toffler, whose best-seller Future Shock was published in 1970, w..um (25) be hosting 2 TV show which will : (26) be reporting on what happened yesterday Instead it wil be (27) what is going 10... (28) tomorrow. Alvin Toffler, who by the end of this year will (29) been predicting the future professionally for nearly thirty years, told reporters: There's no future channe! on TV = We wu. (30) going to change all that’. Totfier’s books make the stunning preciction that what is really going to change in years to come is the speed at which change itself takes place. eae Part 3 For Questions 31-40, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given, Here is an example (0) Example: 0 | dorit want Anne to come to the meeting. rather i 19 rather Anne diar’t come to the meeting ; 31 The last time | saw Helen was before she leit for Australia. since I she left for Australia 32 The cost of the wine is not included in the price of the ticket if not : The price of the ticket... sonnees the COSt of the wine, 3 33 | applied but haven't had a reply yet. ¥ replied | applied, but they yet 34 You dont seem to be enjoying yourself tonight are U get the impression uno secon tonight 35 | glanced at the letter while my boss was out of the room, waiting | glanced quickly at the letter while return aAM PRACTICE 36 It was the best fim | had ever seen, never I sessuews a good film before Pal just doesn't he? only PAU ann for this frm, isn't he? 3B He learned to drive when he was eighteen. beer HE ose he was eighteen, 39 At the moment he is writing articles for the Daily News. as At the moment he .. sernnnrnnnes the Dally News 40 Spending the whole morning gardening left her exhausted. doing Eo irereeerceerenetc all morning and was exhausted, Part 4 For questions 41-55, read the text below and look carefully at each line, Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. Ifa line 's crest. put a tick (/) at the end of the line, Ia line has a word which should 2, ite the wes al 122 €20 OF TRE Hig, INNS abe vO cata les at the het ning (O} and (00). v © Lam noi sure what I'm going to do with myself 00 when i eave from school, Next wee's our class are 44 having a meeting with the school careers officer 42 who they say is he going to tell us all about the different 43 jobs available, We'll also have be able to ask questions. 44 | am thinking of taking up evening classes to improve 45 ny marks in raths because of ray dam is to become 46 a doctor. Aithough my parents don't disagree with my ; ? tion they doubt sheinar “in gers “Or to get good 48 enough marks to get into university to do medicine, But 49 they don't want to discourage me from so { think they'll 3G gree with (o the extra lessons. By the time | finish sco, 51 | will have been formed a much better idea of what I like 52 to do, but the problem is we are going to be have to BT Toni d aghish guvacte te atte for alee a sefore we wii Sisk: schou. Anyway, vnusceser Sappe n down to some hard work if im going to have to get | want to achieve my aims.Pei [a y ia es an ose O19 be pone p ge ture k= &=—‘C—:;C~™S @ Fill cach of the gaps in the following newspaper extracts with cone of the passive verb phrases below. is deemed could soon be fitted were charged has been eld has finally been elected is expected being caused to be printed is auctioned being considered 4 High-tech ‘legirons’ on violent suspects arrested by the police, under plans... by chief constables 2. Last week, police in Scotiand called for the introduction of leg- thought ofthe city and then feszain following concerns sbout the umber of injures __tecramended that I leave onthe juring struggles in the back of police cars and vans. trorning pane Tasted thera wry © Fill each of the sumbered blanks in the following passage with one suitable word. ‘Twenty-four hows after ariving in the country, (1) told to leave, The security police, the country’s largest employer, came to my hotel, politely asked me what 1 3. Four people... last night with public disorder offences after i ; officers mounted dawn raids on suspected football hooligans. 1 was (2) expelled and they 4 Hugh Hefner, founder of Playboy, to the American Society of o ve ea of Magazine Editors’ Hall of Fame. 5. A firs-edition copy of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, the first book ot, they were simply in England, to raise at least £500,000 when it recommending that I leave, in july. refused and the problems started. _ 6 A.Britsh woman released early from an attempted murder sentence ‘Mir passport and plane ticket (5) = in the Unites States ~ a charge which she has always denied - stolen from my room afer in prison because she ‘an illegal immigrant. iy key ‘disappeared’. The police shruaged thelr shoulders and |Add the appropriate extra information (a~e) to the passive Snrugged thelr shoulders e pia eee Gecided not to Interview the leather sentences (1-5). jacketed youth who I (6)... 2 Tat elaker werauacied pf potehar oe Deen 7) nn MP apt he 3. I remember being sent a letter by a man in America lift For three days 1 was (8) 4 The winning goal was scored by Fausto Ferri .. Dy two not very secret 5 Aman was run over by a car .. “policemen everywhere [ went. I ‘ain his first appearance for the club. 8 fellow journalist whose 'b who had waited outside the building all day to voice their address (9) hed ‘opposition to the policies (10) noe ¥en, He lived in @ ¢ ina deliberate attempt to boost his popularity. Deautiful old house which would _ who complained my article was prejudiced against his country. au demolished the © which witnesses said was being driven at very high speed. following yearby the Government to make way for a block of ‘modem’ fats, Everybody would be (13) Jn tas soon as it was, ready but where they would live in © Where possible, rewrite each of the following sentences in two different ways, using a different subject each time. Some sentences ‘may be rewritten only one way. 2 poole wed oa the worse Gas ange tke meantime had not ben 3. Why didn’t they offer the customers a refund? (13) am ase tena 4 They didn't guarantee every participant a free lunch. W2S (14) ves imposed on the 5 They reported the incident to the police. people to pay for these supposed 6 People suggested to us that the Lnternet would be a good source of improvements. I went back to the information. hotel, sti (15) followed ‘They promised us full compensation ifthe scheme fell through. by the two policemen, and felt very depressed. We'll give the new members of staff all the help they need a 8 The referee declared the boxing match a draw. 8 (0 The incident earned him the reputation of being unreliable. eak= —tttt—~=~S @ Bill each of the blanks with a suitable word, Example: New measures to combat crime are to be introduced at the end of the year, 1 We strongly advised reconsider our position. 2 They are understood have offered lover £5,000 for their story. 31 always made apologise to my little sister after an argument. 4 It's too late now: there's nothing more be 5. Left wich the distiner feeling of... been for granted. 6 Tused to steal walnuts from my grandfather's garden and never wortied about out. 7 There are any sarvivors from yesterday's airerash. © Match the beginnings of the sentences (i, it) with the appropriate endings (a, b). 1 i. She vaguely remembers that 4 She has vague memories of. 4... being knocked down by a motorbike. b _. she was knacked down by a motorbike. 2-1. He was criticised for his exravagance ii, Having been cricised for his extravagance a... and was more careful after that b he became more careful after thet 3 i They made me ii Iwas made a. tell them everything I know. b to tell them everything I know. 4/4 Itis often said that Shakespeare fi Shakespeare is often said a. never revised anything he wrote, ‘b .. never to have rewritten anything he wrote. i. There were once thought {i It was once thought a... that there were canals on Mars. b . to be canals on Mats. IWFIRITIVES AND -iNG FORM PASSIVES. © Put the verbs in the sentences below into a suitable infinitive or -ing form. Add any other words necessary. Example: This work (complete) by the end of next week ‘This work isto be completed by the end of next week. 1. She was persuaded (stay on) after the date she was due to retire. 2 The ex-President is said (take) legal payments while in offic. ~ 3. (tell off) about this on more than one occasion, 1 have no intention of doing it again. 4 He claims (wrongly accuse) of the crime. 5 [remember (tell) when I was litle that spinach made hair grow on your chest. 6 Apparently, the whole computer network (have to/overhaul) because of the virus, 7 They are rumoured (leave) the country for a secret destination, 8 This line (not cross) under any circumstances. © Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the oe sentence, using the word given. Do not change the ‘word given. You must use between three and efght words, including the word given. Example: We don't want such an embarrassing flasco happening next year. repeated We don't want such an embarrassing fiasco to be repeated next year, 1 She wants it to be clear to people that she's fair. She wants to fai. 2. He often says to people how much of his success is down to you. heard He how much of his success is down to you. 3. The theory is that she fell overboard at night and drowned. fallen She overboard at night and drowned. 4 The plan was originally to complete the building oe ‘The building by June. 5 When | was a child, I was never allowed to piey ‘wich the children nexe door. let ‘When { was a child, the children next door. 37re k= =—rti‘<‘“ “‘COé:S~S © Complete each of the following sentences using a causative form, so that it is as similar as possible jn meaning to the sentence before it. Example: Hasn't that film been developed yet? Haven't you had that film developed yet? 1 Can it be true that you're really going to deliver iy sofa today? Can it be true that I'm today? 2 One of the others agreed to post my letters for me. Tgot to post my letters for me. 3. My dentist is supposed to be capping my two front teeth this morning, Tm this moming, 4 My car really needs servicing. really serviced 5. Why did you lee them go without signing the receipt? Why dide't you © Rearrange the words to make coherent sentences inside the first and last words given. Example: film to has just be “That film just has tobe seen. 1 your ever your house belongings into any and had letting them go? broken of you Have stolen? 2, fingerprints police your on you never had files have can put you Once. relax 3 something get got have done just about this to You office. 4. your not passport help would got have my for But stamped. 5 us organised get at can the everything ofall same all time. 6 care any take to must such involved dangerous in family your not get You situations, 7 arrested taxed if will get you car be almost and certainly don't your You insured. 8 interest Government seems to never to brought get under able rates be The control © Fill the blanks with a suitable word or phrase. Example: His arm is ina sling after he got it stamped on, 1 keep getting headaches so I'm going... tested STRUCTURES WITH GET AND HAVE 2. Tes unpleasant for children when they names by other children, 3 Tve just... taken for my new passport, 4. My handbag was completely flattened after it on in the bus. 5. My busband's been to the hairdresser: { really wish he... $0 short. 6 Tknow you don't approve of my new hair colour bat you'll just... to it © For each of the following sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the words given. ‘The words must not be altered in any way. Example: Computing is just something you take for granted afier a while. “get/to Computing is just something you get used to after a while, 1 The whole of my sister's class spent last weekend redecorating her flat. got/to 2. We couldn't find our way out of the woods, got/in 3 Do you think there's any chance of this new party ‘winning the forthcoming election? get/at 4 Tcan‘t say Tenjoy the teacher reading out my work in front of the class. having/to 5 Its quite simple for a locksmith to copy one or more of your keys. get/make CPE/CAE @ Fill each gap with one suitable wor Ie was last May, while we were taking our annual late spring break on Lindos that We (1)... OUF HOUSE broken into, All our TV and video equipment got 2) sonny Bat What was Worse was When We discovered thatthe final draft of my husband's latest novel (3) 0» (4) torn into pieces and the isk RE.) oor (6) en Writing it 0” 7) disappeared. Of course, you hear about people who (8) evens @) vo nes theit properties vandalised and ‘others whose most prized possessions (10) (11) oon. taken, but it’s a terrible shock when it happens to you, when you know that your home (12) saps 13) verve waded, and that you (24). (5) onus YOUF MOST intimate belongings handled and examined by strangers. 3”| Practice @ in the following pairs of sentences, a, b or both are correct, Put a cross (X) next to every sentence that is incorrect. Write the correction. Example: a Drop me line when you get there. bb He was upset to discover he dropped from the team. (X) (had been / was dropped) 1a The Titanic was sunk by an iceberg, 'b The boat sank without trace. 2a This shirt dries extremely quickly bb Her hair soon dried by the wind, 3 a The hole soon filled with water. b The room was filled with huncreds of people. 4/a The western shore washed by warm currents. b Fertile soil washes down into the valleys. 5 a My dress ripped when it caught in the car door, bb His newspaper had been ripped into shreds. 6 a The sacked workers compensated for the loss of earnings. b He was compensated for his injuries, 7 a My chair tipped backwards until ic fell over. bb All the leftovers were tipped into a bin liner. 8 a Inflation was increased over the last six months, b My salary was increased by just over five per cent. 9 a They've expanded production facilites at the old Factory, b Metal is expanded when heated. 10 a The white Mercedes turned into the car park. b The sign had been turned to face the opposite direction. © Rewrite each of the following sentences changing the object to subject without using the passive. Add any prepositional phrases necessary. Example: The san has melted the chocolate. ‘The chocolate has melted in the sun. 1 The Dj dimmed the lights during the last dance. 2. Darren improved his performance in the 100 ‘metres by a tenth of a second. 3 An iceberg sank the Titanic in 1912, 4 Tears filled his eyes. 5 The committee gradually developed the plan. NOT USING THE PASSIVE: TRANSITIVE TO INTRANSITIVE © Rewrite cach of the following sentences so that they are similar in meaning to the original sentence. Replace the underlined verb with the verb in brackets, Do not change the form of the given verb in any way. Example: The first line of your play is very well cuaitten. (reads) The first line of your play reads very well 1 Initially, chink you develop the plot very convincingly. (unfolds) 2 You step up the tension in the third scene. (increases) 3. But then everything stems diferent. (change) 4 You putin melodrama instead of real drama, don't you? Geplaces) 5 But you close the firs act with only a vague suspicion of murder in the air (Ginishes) 6 Ics crazy that the second act opens with the actual ‘ling. (start) 7 And the third act conchudes with such an anticlimax (end 8 [e's dificult to see tickets being bought for a play ke this. (selling) © Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits the gap. Attitudes towards the teaching profession have (2) sovoon Considerably and it’s sad that the number of students considering a career in teaching has 2) soowns Of alot. Consequently, the teacher training faculty has (3)... by about 25%. However in ‘other departments, the options have (4) greatly, though competition with other colleges has, it must be admitted, (5) Meanwhile, departments have expanded into new areas such as ‘media studies, and computer studies in particular hes (6)... beyond all expectations. 1 Atumed affected — C modified D changed 2 Adepressed © Bdropped Ceunk Declined 3 Ashrunk Beurtaled Creduced Deut 4 Aswecched — B protracted Cwidened D lengthened 5 Aboosed Benhanced Cfuelled D intensified 6 Aencouraged Bgrown Craised —D promoted aV8 b¢ tah, LB = eo tree ve me mss Lf Hb be Ayfeaped # =¢ wnat. Pe. k= °«°~°«&& © compere the second Quam sentence so that it has a similar reaning to the first sentence, tsing the word given. Do not change the word given. You must tse between thre and cight © ‘he following verbs are commonly used in the passive. Fill cach of the gaps in the sentences with an appropriate word from the list, adding any other words needed to make the passive. overcome deemed inundated dwarfed dubbed shrouded scheduled wrords, tacudiog the word given. sen eee Example: Trained personnel man the 1 All the doctors we saw... by the reason for her illness. ofc ven four hors ay. 2 Tmafraid your recent work ..... totally inadequate for the task. aamee 3 Belew fe or not, ast month a newsreader... the sexiest man Ye office i taffy trained on television, 4 When the police arrived, the victim's clothes ..... all over the eer rear room. 1 Since the advertisement, we've 5 The ex-champion ‘by heat exhaustion in the final and was ‘had more applications than we unable to finish the match. can deal with. 6 How che intelligence services work ..... in secrecy. swamped 7 Since the film came out, [..... with requests for my autograph. Since the advertisement His house in the foothills... by the surrounding mountains. applications 9 Their new CD....... for release next January. 2. The minister's response 10 Many people think a nineteen-year-old's first novel should completely took the interviewer for last year's National Literature prize. by surprise. aback © in the following passage, some of the passive verbs are : the functioning as -ed participle clauses, Fill each of the gaps with a eee eaca word from the list to complete a common collocational or Gy posiereee areca ere ee ere eee haunted touched locked earmarked buffted possessed hounded disconcerted blessed doomed destined handicapped dogged 1. her lack of inhibition. Jack, he's so unlucky: (1)... by misfortune, (2)... by fate at 4 Bach new generation is told the every turn and (3)... by memories of the past. (4) .... in a battle secret recipe with his family, 6)...» by the police and severely (6)... by facial down features straight out of a horror movie, he’s (7) ..... to failure. The secret recipe ou. t0 Jillis so different: (8)... with an ability to get on with everyone, generation, 9) with genius, already (10) by her company for a top job 5 They decreased production and (11) sou $0 be a success in whatever she does, she's (12)... of following the economic Just about every quality Jack lacks. damtate Finish sentences (1-10) with a suitable prepositional phrase (aj eae 1 The condemned man was a for complaining to the teferee. decane repr b by experienced machine i a Tes completly mesmeried operons. 6 eae sand the way the boss 3 The old man was paralysed a aggressive. always patronises me like tha. 4 Both players were penalised d at the last moment. talked Sener eae ¢ foe next Eeday Tean’e stand... to by the 6 The meeting has been scheduled f by his performance. boss like that. 7 Toamnis was somewhat g, by the lack of response. 7 Theie request was phrased disconcerted h with offers of help. extremely form: 8 His behaviour was in danger of i down one side after the couched = Ga warts being construed stroke, Their reque terms. 8 She was hospitalised j for three months after the 10 The factory is staffed accident, “3Ea AEE ase stegeeEeSEESO 4 PASSIVE PHRASAL VERBS ‘Some transitive phrasal verbs are more commonly ‘used in the passive than others (see Unit 2, Section, 5). This sometimes means we use different verbs ‘when changing a sentence into the passive or active: My father grew up near London. My father was brought up near London ‘Their teachers put alot of pressure on them to taking extra exams! ‘They were pressurised into taking more exams. k= = —tt—Cit‘“i @ The following sentences contain examples of each type of phrasal verb outlined in Section 1 on the previous page. Match the example with the ‘types. There are two examples of each type. He's rich enough to dine out most nights. My friends eventually talked me into it. He ignored my work and just tore it up. She just rang off in the middle of the conversation. It’s time you faced up to your responsibilities. I think you're reading too much into the situation: it’s much simpler than you think 7 As an entertainer, his appeal cuts across all social boundaries. 8 stick by what I said earlier. 9. That building is awful: 1 wish they'd knock it down, 10 T think you'd better take that up with your boss @ Finish the following sentences by completing the phrasal verb in italics with a suitable particle and adding the object given. Some sentences have ‘two objects, one for the verb and one for the reposition. Examples: It’s not an easy time but we're determined 10 8 on) Tes not an easy time but we're determined tose it through. 1 Thad a blazing row with my gitlfiend and she threw... ofthe house. (me) 2 She said my problems all stemmed ...... «(my inability to accept commitment) 3 She tied to draw... (me) (an argument about relationships) 4 I said that nobody was going to tale... Ye (ene) (marriage) g THE GRAMMAR OF PHRASAL VERBS Sh Conley b1= + Wore 5 Nobody, and that included hes, was going to push and tell me what to do. (me) 6 She told me that if chat was what I thought, 1 could count (her) 7 She wasn't going to waste her life hanging for a no-hoper like me. (-) 8 There were plenty more fish in the sea and she was going to get @ particles) someone else) © Complete the second sentence so Shashi sims mening the st sentence, using the word given. Do not change the ‘word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given, Example: Both parties have ripped the contract to pieces. torn ‘The contract has been torn up by both parties. 1 An awful lot has been omicced from the final draft of the agreement, out ‘An aveftl lot as... the final draft of the agreement. 2. There were thousands of sunbathers on the beach. packed ‘The beach... thousands of sunbathers. 3 Our founder was given an honorary doctorate in law by Edinburgh University conferred ‘An honorary doctorate in law ....... Edinburgh University 4 My traveller's cheques were stolen while I was abroad robbed Tocco travellee’s cheques while I was abroad. 5 The accused claimed he hit the police officer as a result of provocation. provoked The accused claimed... the police office. 6 Many of us were shocked when a former actor took the oath as President of the United States. sworn “Many of us were shocked when a former actor President of the United States. 7. The present came as a complete surprise to me. aback Loo the present. 8 They have reduced their trading activities in the ‘war stricken area scaled fading activites .......in the warstricken areaREASONS FOR USING THE PASSIVE, THE AGENT Complete the second sentence so that itis as similar in meaning as possible to the first sentence, using the word given, This word must not be changed. You ‘must tse between two and five words, including the word given, Example: There was bitter opposition to the proposal. opposed ‘The proposal was bitzerly eppos 1 They say the country is on the verge of civil war. said The COUNEYY we on the verge of civil war, 2. People thought the President was il be The President ...-nnnnesnon il 3. People have suggested that you could be on the committee, put ‘Your name....... 7 7 sn for the committee. 4. People believe he escaped with the money. run Peete off with the money. 5. They thought he was the best actor forthe part, considered He. : the best actor for the part 6 People always thought she was very good at maths, but she made some basic mistakes, supposed She basic mistakes -- very good at maths, but she made some 7 The directors decided to discuss the matter at the next meeting, agreed it vw» would discuss the matter at the next meeting 8 Two of the men walking home accepted out offer of a lift, up Our offer ofa lft two of the men walking home. 9 Everything I know about art I learnt from Mrs Robinson. was I snnninninevenne AbOUt art by Mrs Robinson. 10 The court ordered him to pay a fine of £100, was He scsmnene a fine of £100 by the court, Lam informed from many quarters that a rumour has been put about that I died this morning. This is quite untrue WINSTON CHURCHILL 9CHUSATIVE GET AND HAVE A: ‘Your hair looks different! What have you done to it? Bl » that’s all? just; cut) 5 As “This house is freezing. B: “Yes, we need swoon ¢ (Central heating: install) “The living roam looks lovely? B: ‘Tim glad you like it. We've snommninnncsen ? Gust; redecorate) 7A: Why aren't you wearing your watch?’ Bl swoon at the moment? (repair) ‘eps! Sorry {ve spilt some wine on your trousers. Bs ‘Don't worry. I was going 10 srs anyway’ (dean) 9. A: “That tree is blocking the view from my front window? B Wel, you don’t expect ime : . do you?’ cut down) 10 Az ‘I’ve got a terrible toothache. B: ‘Well, why don't you go and vu? (that cavity; fll) © Complete cach space in this text with a suitable word. The first (0) is given as an example. ShoUldVE anne (6) the brakes checked months ago, left the °3r 2 the maragy. then went straight te ie heridiesser to have my hair (7). I wanted to have (8) short, so it took ages. After. that, I ce Bill's suit to the dry-cleaner’s to (9) it cleaned after he had had wine yet. Fist ofall, Thad to take the car to the suis (10) over it at the party last night garage to have the brakes RANA. (0). The Next, T had to go to the supermarket. When I car was in 2 bad enough state, but We had finished, my bags were so heavy I had to vv. (1) had it damaged even more by (11) them delivered to my house ~ Some idiot as we were waiting at the traffic Ti Mo’ money, Avd the day isnt Sat tes ater say. He hump it the back 9 cain entaea of the car and we told him he would have to Ta. ver yet. Ive stil got to have my cut really had to oe (2) Ge ca @ he Pningrach (12) far a new passport suid he would ... (4) it paid for by his ~ My Old one... (13} stolen when we insurance company. I certainly hope he does. had our house ........... (14) a few months ‘The mechanic told me I could've... (5) back. What a life! Things carit get worse, syself silea ching the cor and that me can they? warrer: How would you like to have your egg cooked sir? cusromn: Js there any difference in the price? warrer: No, si. | eosromex: Than have my egg cooked i ham potatoes and sausages. |Meda Vb. k= =—S—sté‘“_“‘_iS @ Tick (7) the sentences that are acceptable, Correct the others. Example: You might as well come with us if you've nothing better to do. 7 1 I won't be in the country when you two are tying the knot. 2. How much longer do you think that noise will bbe going on? 3 I don't think { shall be able to join you until 8.30, Shall I look OK if | wear this? 5 You shall have to put two first-class stamps on this envelope. 6 U think a weekend away would be a good idea. 7 Presumably we would be laughed at if we tried it in public. 8 If he maintains his current rate of progress, he should sail through the exam. 9 Looking like that, he should compare unfavourably with the other candidates 10 According to statistics, smokers should live as long as non-smokers. © Which of the professions said what? Write the ‘number of the profession next to the letter for the statement. Then, write what you think the “it? refers to where it’s underlined. Example: It may be necessary to take it away to put more memory in. You write: a 0 (computer) (© computer engineer) 1 lawyer 2 barman 3 hotel receptionist 4 gardener 5 sailor 6 dentist 7 teacher 8 pilot (a Ie may be necessary to take it away to put more ‘memory in.) bb It may have to come out; we might well not be able to save it ¢ Itshould only be about ten minutes; then we expect the al-clear for take-off. With any luck we'll geta centimetre or two over, the weekend. We could certainly do with it. Very light now, yes, but it might just get up later on, in which case. ‘We may be able to get it overturned on appeal It certainly won't be ready until the maid has been Is that i, or will you be wanting another? Ig will certainly improve if you try harder to imitate the patterns that native speakers use. oo J AAC cf! Jae (a © Undertine the options that can best complete each of the following sentences. Sometimes only ‘one, sometimes both, are possible. Example: They won't most cereanly / mast certainly won't approve of the scheme 1 He'll no doubt be / Fe shouldbe late for the meeting, 2. She shall/ She will go on to greater things, I have no doubt. 3. The whole team may as well/ might as well give up and go back to carpentry. 4 Will/ Shall {in any way be exploited in this new position? 5 Treckon they ought to/ might just down tools and ge home. 6 It shall/ will be couch and go whether she survives. 7 The outcome might / can rest on this last handful of wotes. 8 Thave to say that I won't definitely / definitely won't attend the meeting © complet the second sentence so ED that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the ‘word given, You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Example: I don't foresee there being any major problems. ‘think I don’t think there will be any major problems. 1 He's unlikely to have the common sense to ask for directions, suppose I the common sense to ask for directions 2 Twoulda’t have thought there's much chance of the package being here before Friday. doubt I here before Friday. 3 I don't think we could expect that much of bim, asking Think much of him, 4 suppose it's possible that she will break the ‘world record at the next meeting. ‘THE FUTURE: PREDICTING conceivably suppose break the world record at the next meeting, 5 Tcan't see them finding the task insurmountable ought They the task. / a bhe=¢ Adept] @ Sorik= &= = —~—l @ Tick (/) the pairs of sentences that express approximately the same idea. Put a cross (X) by those where there is a clear difference in meaning, Examples: 9 1 may well have been a little bit late in arriving, e's quite possible I was alittle bit late. 7 10 We may not get there in time for the speeches. We could't get there in time for the speeches. X 1 This could be the chance we've all been waiting for. ‘This might be the chance we've all been waiting for. 2 This may very well be the last chance for peace. ‘This might very well be the last chance for peace. 3 That's probably the postman dropping in the weekly free newspaper. ‘That'll be the postman dropping in the weekly free newspaper. 4 They won't have read our fax yet. 1 dour if they've read our fax yet. 5 The exam results should be here by now. ‘The exam results should be here any day now. 6 ‘They must have taken a short cut to get here. ‘They had to take a short cut to get here 7 You could have done yourself a nasty injury. You might have done yourself a nasty injury. 8 ‘The washing machine shouldn't be making such a strange noise. ‘The washing machine couldn't be making such a strange noise, @ Tick (/) the modal verbs that complete each of the sentences in this passage. One, two or all of them may be possible, ‘There shouldn’t/ might not/ ought not (1) be a comma before the ‘who’ in this sentence, Kostas. Oh yes, you may well/ might well/ will well (2) say that writing English is not important for you. But you could/may/ ‘might (3) have to write a dissertation in English one day. Punctuation and spelling showld/could/ may (4) be quite a setious problem for you. But it can/should/ could (5) always be possible for you to get full stops in the right place. And it can’t/shouldn'’/ mustn't (6) be that dificult ‘to spell most short words more or less correct. You may/ must/ might (7} not have realised how flexible nglish is. For example, you may/should/ can (8) find ‘organisation’ spelt with an 's’ or a ‘2’. It makes life easier, doesn't I? PRESENT AND PAST: TRUE, UNTRUE, POSSIBL? f ja 9 a ae . © Fill each of the blanks with a suitable word ‘or phrase. Example: I think you may very well have put your finger on the problem there 1 Our neighbours must garden furniture of theirs. 2. Ie coulda’... you spoke to; I wasn't even in the country at the time. 3. e's well past dinner time; surely the conference fortune on that new should ‘by now. 4 She can't very well to have left the party so carly, 5 Imight like this would happen. 6 You could ‘know beforehand that you couldn't come. © Fill each of the numbered blanks in ie ioe tie end ‘The legend of the Loch Ness Monster goes back at least 1,500 years: the Romans found a carving by the ancient inhabitants of Scotland of a strange unidentified creature that may well have (1) a depiction of the monster. Modern legend, however, dates from 1933 when a local couple claimed they had seen an enormous animal. Speculation in the media ‘was rife: supporters said the animal the couple saw (@).~... ave been a leftover from the age of the dinosaurs, while others thought it was more (3) to have been the effects of too much whisky. Actor, film director and big game hunter Marmaduke Wetherell found’ fresh footprints which, he claimed (4) sss. Only have been made by a creature over 20 fect in length. Less excitable people pointed out that surely such a large creature (5) have been sported by local people before: it (6) hardly have grown to such a size unnoticed. It was, in all ” a hoax. Sure enough, museum zoologists explained that the footprints were those of a hippo - @) soon those of stuffed hippo’s foot. Meanwhile, ‘other more sober, level-headed people continued to claim sightings. Surely they couldn't all (9) ‘wrong? Sceptcal scientists said that the indistinct impressions of the monster gained by such people ‘were most (10) ‘optical illusions. They a1) be otters, or floating logs. They could very (2) be swimming deer. Other, less sceptical scientists pointed out that it (13)... to be possible for science to settle the issue one way or the other, and so began the era of sonar. One university expedition produced a sonar image that might (14) ‘well have been a flipper of a large animal, but, as others pointed out, was so indistinct that it could (15) as easily have been anything, 3© Tick (7) the sentences below which express necessity, duty or advice. Example: it must be hard work on an oil rig, mustn't X Tmust be on my way if you don’t mind. ¥ 1 The filler must be hard before you can paint over it 2 You must be joking, 3. Iemmust have been offside because the goal was disallowed, 4 Having to get up so early every morning is really getting me down, {A bike is sometimes worth having to beat traffic jams in towns. 6 Do you think I ought to give Dad a ring? 7 Should you have any problems with your computer, give me a call 8 Doctors should respect their patients’ wishes 9 Are you saying we needn't have gone to all this trouble anyway? 10 He'd better not be late again! © Tick () cach of the sentences in which didn’t need to can be replaced with needn’t have + -ed, 1 It’s sweet of you, but you really didn't need to buy mé flowers. 2 It'sa good job we didn't need to be here earlier. 3. It-was strange that we didn’t need to show our passports. 4 You didn’t need to come and pick me cpicoudine Cl got a taxi ¢ 5 There was a sofa in the other room: you didn’t need to sleep on the floor. 6 Ididn’t need to use cash as Thad my credit card with me. © Finish each of the following sentences in two different ways so that they are as similar in meaning as possible to the sentence printed before them. Example: If were you, I'd have the lobster. a think you ought to have the lobster You really should have the lobster. 1 really must be going now. a Ive absolutely bbl really mustn't Lb Cof bach b= 1 Hele, 2. Itmay be possible for you to go there without « visa after al alt may not 'b You might not 3 She should take some form of identification with her, shouldn't she? a She'd Ie might be 4 Don't you think it’s time we made our excuses and lef? a Hadn't b Oughtn’t 5 Why ever did you go to so much trouble with the refreshments? a You really needn't b Itreally 6 There is to be no talking whatsoever during the examination. a Candidates will not Silence is to @© Complete the second sentence so Pectkessimiarmeanng he it sentence, using the word given. Do not change the ‘word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Example: I don't foresee there being any major problems think [dont think there will be any major problems. Just recently, there has been a need for us to reduce our spending. cut Just recently we... on our spending, 2 Why have I never met your partner? introduce You really 3. There is growing pressure on the government to break their promise on health spending. back “The government may find promise on health spending. 4 didn’ rake the job because it would have meant doing a 50-hour week: put I didn'e take the job because I would... in 50 hours a week 5 You don't need to take out this insurance under You.» f0 take out this insurance to your partner. on their 5s9 L-wouldn't bet against this project being the best thing to happen to us since the Euro. 10 Barring a miracle, this project is bound to hit the dust almost immediately © Tick (/) which two options in each item are possible to complete the sentences. Example: I reckon there's a good possibility V / chance Y Iiikeinood odds the match will be cancelled, 1 You'll have the chance / possibility / occasion! epporturity to look over the house tomorrow. 2 The chances / odds / possibilities / probabilities are she will reject him, 43 There's a distant / remote for istinct possibilty that I'll be able to help after al. 4 Uhave my doubts / uncertainties / beliefs reservations as to this applicant's suitability. 5 I'd stake /ofer/ bet! invest my mortgage on the fact that she’s honest. 6 Our new gardener’s bound / convinced / hoped) certain to make a good job of cutting the hedge. 7. The new student's Bound / likey / sure confident of passing the intial test 8 She's in any /little/ no / full doubt as to the identity of the intruder 9 Te doesn’t look as whether though / how / ifthe reeting's going to take place. 10 There will almost inevitably / probably / certainly / inconceivably be some teething troubles initially. © Write full sentences from the prompt words, adding any necessary words and putting the verbs {nto a suitable form. (All the sentences contain the word chance(s).) Example: 1/ never / chance /go// university /I/your age. never had the chance ¢o go to university witen | was your age 1 He/no chance / ever / persuade /her/ marry / him. 2 They /stand/ much chance / grade A/as/1/ become Prime Minister, 3. There/a chance /that/ my company /send/ United States for a year 4 There /little chance / of/ management / agree / employees’ demands. 5 No one /have /a chance / yet/ predict / outcome / this dispute /certaincy 6 Is/ there / chance / of my borrow / your bicycle / half an hour? 7 The chances / that / the match / cancel 8 you/a chance / speak the personnel manager/ yesterday? POSSIBILITY, PROBABILITY AND CERTAINTY © Rewrite the four sentences in six different ways, each time using one of the words listed below it. Do not change the given word in any way. More than one answer may be possible. Example: in itera 1: The odds are against him passing 1 don’t think he'll 2 I'm pretty confident pass. of her passing, (odds) odds probably probability solely doubt likelihood bound doubt prospects doubis surprised 3 [doubt if we'll ever see 4 No one can be at all him again sure of the outcome likely fr surprise scertaity chances senpredictable chance certainty Prpets lp ofthe oi @ Fil each of te mumbered blanks EB with one suitable word. This will now almost (1) prove to have been the driest Apr since the calamitous drought of 1924 and forecasters say the current spells very (2) to continue well into next week and quite (3] beyond. A Met. Office spokesman sugpested there was @ slight (4) non OF Fala ust after the weekend but admitted there is every (5] that rain heading across the AUantic (6) ‘miss Britain completely. I it does, (7) of further rain within the next fortnight are thought tobe slim. John Feld of the National Farmers’ Union sald that there was a distinct @ that many farmers were heading for the Dbankcuptey cours and didn't (9) a chance of staying in business another year. ‘Herein the north, it's been without (10) the worst time anyone can remember, I haven't got the oficial fgures but loses a) run Into tens of milion of pounds. And that's (12) to allect prices inthe supermarkets very soon. A ban. on hose-pipes in all gardens now looks virtually (13), ‘and the supply of general household water may very (14) have to be rationed in some areas. The Government will in all a3) , issue an ofa statement sometime in the ‘ext twenty-four hours. ”7 The evening activities are entirely optional / compulsory. 8 It is extremely unwise / forbidden to touch these 9 He was disqualified / banned from driving for two years. 10 Ifyou did but know it, you're breaking the law / she rules. © Rewrite each of the following sentences using the two prompts that follow them so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the sentence printed above it Example: You are responsible for ensuring that your equipment is in full working order, down / make Fes downto you to make sure your equipment isin full working order. 1 No one is going to force you to do anything you don't feel capable of. compelled / up 2. If he's broken the law, he can expect to be punished something / punishment 3 You don't have to pay now if you would rather not. under/ prefer 4 "You mustn't pick things up and you really shouldn't touch anything at all,’ the curator told allowed / supposed 5 The choice of restaurant for tonight’s meal is enticely yours, which / up 6 Nobody's going to push you to decide here and now which college to go to. pressure /choice 7. One hundred per cent attendance on the course is not something we ask of you. expect /all 8 There are several bars that Richard is not allowed into any more. 7 number / barred 9. The entertaining of guests in private rooms is strictly prohibited. you /allowed 10 Because you're the senior member of staff here, you should make the presentation, being / up oBLiGaTions © Weite a prefix that makes the following words negative. Then write the negative word. (See Uni 6, Section 6 for more information on prefixes) Example: legal il = illegal a lawful g rational m essential bb permissible h consistent —_n_ acceptable ¢ reasonable i manageable 0 loyal direlisble j pardonable natural e moral necessary £ legitimate 1 ethical @ The differences between the following adjectives are often based on collocation as much ‘as meaning. Match each of the adjectives on the left with a collocating noun on the right. 1 legitimate a killing 2 illegal b child 3 illicit ¢ advice 4 unlawful pleasures 5 legal substances 2), DBs, Referees must find it hard to decide wat i and eit legitimate use of the elbow @ Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Many salespeople in electrical stores will ell ou that you are under no (1)... t0 buy their extended ‘warranty for your new washing machine. Itis entirely an (2)... extra, and nobody is going to (3) own the lw and (4)... YOw to buy anything you don't want. Nevertheless its strongly implied that you have (9)... to yourself to make sure that you are covered for every possible eventuality. You are ‘even made to fee! slightly stupid if you don't buy the coves, and [ think itis unreasonable, if not immoral, to put customers under such (6) 1 Acompulsion B permission C option D obligation 2 Additional B optional C essential D ethical 3 Aput Beet Chy = Dwrie 4 Aforce Binit Cpermit Diet 5 Acontract Bjob Crile — Daduty 6 A force Bopressure Choe Dlaw PAAbd), “/ Vr. a eg Re eceey an WEE mera ck ese te sentences in which would could © March the direct speech (1-6) with the report (2-f). SeDiAce aee ee eer on ee 8 wih te beside the others. aes Ae you alift. g She offered to .. Example: Switzerland used to be part : of Austria, ¥ (0 Tl give you a lift.) a He begged me to In the past several families used to live 1 Till write to you every day. b They warned me not to inthe fame house. / 2. No, I won' pay and that’s that, She just asked me to 3 Tllzeport you to the authorities! 4 She promised to Ulett) 4 You'll be sorry ifyou touch that, e He threatened to ee ae 5 Could you take the other end She refused to eee eee aoe cousins to marry. of this for me? couldn't you possibly for once 1 offered to 3 Generally speaking, these 6 Couldn't you possibly f Ce marriages used to succeed as well turn a blind eye, please? mariage © 1n each item below one or two options may be possible to 4 People used to have diffrent ideas complete the sentence. Underline those that are possible. ston fy reonehipe then ; 5 The father used to farm and hunt Example 7 ‘may / might / will be willing to spare you half an hour this eee eae caer the home 1 Might /Can/ Would you mind lifting your feet for a moment while 1 hoover? © Complete the second 2 May/ Could / Would you be so kind as to give me some advice? sentence so that it has a 3. Shall / Will / Can I carry that rather heavy-looking case for you? similar meaning to the first 4 Will/ Could /Can you possibly come back a ltde later? sentence, using the word given. 5 May/ Would Might you be willing to refund the money we have ‘Do not change the word given. You already paid you? ‘muse use between three and eight 6 Do you think you will/ may /could stand alte further away? words, including the word given. @ Fill cach of the blanks with the appropriate animal from the Example: I'd like to help you but unfortunately it's not possible. out Tish I could help you out but list. Write which use of will or would the sentences illustrate. Example: Eels will often swim thousands of miles in the course of a year. Typical behaviour unfortunately i's not possible. (els) pigeons bees whales rhinoceroses cats 1 Could you possibly help me with 1 Poachers will do almost anything ©. the dishes? to get hold of the horn of 5 hand white. ° You with the dishes, could 2 will usually lick their you? Kittens almost non-stop in the eatly days oftheir ives, 2. Hethrestened to tell my wife everything unless I confessed, 3 Hundreds of years ago, passenger = ‘would blacken the skies of eee He said... unless I confessed. 4 on Will occasionally be found 3. Shall I pay by cheque or would you rather I paid cash? prefer Would you like me cash? 4 Td be grateful if you could forward any e-mails to this address. appreciate ra enough to forward any i ‘e-mails to this address beached on a shore, having lost the rest ofthe school 5 There's a theory that... will never sting you unless provoked. als will of ewie rousands of mies inthe course of 3 ear | @ eee eeex= &=©=©=»=——t—<“i_ © Rewrite each of the following sentences using a modal. More than one modal may be possible. aonpl: Is there any chance of me borrowing your Walkman tomorrow afternoon? Can/Cauld/ May | borrow your Walkman tomorrow afternoon? 1 Isitall ight if miss the first few minutes of tomorrow's meeting? 2 Twish my writing in English was bewer. ‘One day soon, Internet access is sure to be available to every schoolehil T knew how to swim before I was three ‘Aviap sing was sometimes a cause of death in chose days “These photocopiers have proved to be quite temperamental ‘The journey here took us ovie as long asi needed to. ven if they'd wanted to land at Heathrow it was impossible because ofthe fog 9. And what is this baby doing sting on my desk, i¢you dont mind my asking? © Arrange each of the following comments using can’t int five groups according to their basic meaning. One group wil have five Comments, the others two each. Two have been given as examples. dean get overt e Teant stop mayoelL f Leant work tout (can't believe it) (can't take it in.) Tean't understand J Tean't put it out of my mind. Xe Tean't stand it it. g [can't bear it. 1 Lcan’e face it. b I can't manage. [can't cope. ml can't put up ¢ Lcan’t help it. i Tean't take it, with it. 1 2 3 4 5 fean't believe it. | can’t take it in 1 @ Fill cach of the gaps with a form of be able to followed by an appropriate verb. Example: I don't think I will be able fo drive you to the airport. at never out the difference between a PC and a Mac. 2. Lwould really love myself more interestingly on paper. 3 You him on this number, but I have my doubts. 4 They just the drowning man to safety, thank ‘goodness. 5 Kyou don't feel contribution, just say so. © Tre outgoing President isin bullish mood. Complete his claims with could could have, or a suitable form of be able to pus an Zppropriate verb. Example: No one could have done more than Ihave to inceate this countrys standing nthe World. % ABILITY, PERMISSION 1 In my first term of office 1 this country back on its feet after ry predecessor's mistakes. 2. In this second term I... in the ‘most exciting new legislation this country’s seen for decades. 3. With anyone else in power, there ‘economic chaos. 41... my head up high throughout my presidency. 5 1... any allegations you care to make against me 6-1... new measures which will eventually make the world a far Detter place. © complete the = second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1 Thope one day we can agree ‘more favourable terms. reach Thope one day it favourable terms 2. Some supermarket beef can be rather tough. tendency Some supermarket beef rather tough. 3 Would you kindly inform everyone of the change of procedures? wonder 1 as to inform everyone of ‘he change of procedures? 4 Maybe I could have helped you. possible Maybe ...... help you. 5. In the end we were able to ‘communicate with sign language message In the end we succeeded across with sign language. on more